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Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2019Patients with extensive burns are an important group at risk for cutaneous mucormycosis. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of all reported mucormycosis... (Review)
Review
Patients with extensive burns are an important group at risk for cutaneous mucormycosis. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of all reported mucormycosis cases in burn patients from 1990 onward. A Medline search yielded identification of 7 case series, 3 outbreaks, and 25 individual cases reports. The prevalence reached 0.04%⁻0.6%. The median age was 42⁻48 in the case series and outbreaks, except for the studies from military centers (23.5⁻32.5) and in individual reports (29.5). The median total body surface area reached 42.5%⁻65%. Various skin lesions were described, none being pathognomonic: the diagnosis was mainly reached because of extensive necrotic lesions sometimes associated with sepsis. Most patients were treated with systemic amphotericin B or liposomal amphotericin B, and all underwent debridement and/or amputation. Mortality reached 33%⁻100% in the case series, 29%⁻62% during outbreaks, and 40% in individual cases. Most patients were diagnosed using histopathology and/or culture. Mucorales qPCR showed detection of circulating DNA 2⁻24 days before the standard diagnosis. Species included the main clinically relevant mucorales (i.e., , , , ) but also more uncommon mucorales such as or . Contact with soil was reported in most individual cases. Bandages were identified as the source of contamination in two nosocomial outbreaks.
PubMed: 30901836
DOI: 10.3390/jof5010025 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022(-)-α-Bisabolol, a bioactive monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, has been used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and...
(-)-α-Bisabolol, a bioactive monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, has been used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and skin-caring properties. However, the poor water solubility of (-)-α-bisabolol limits its pharmaceutical applications. It has been recognized that microbial transformation is a very useful approach to generate more polar metabolites. Fifteen microorganisms were screened for their ability to metabolize (-)-α-bisabolol in order to obtain its more polar derivatives, and the filamentous fungus was selected for scale-up fermentation. Seven new and four known metabolites were obtained from biotransformation of (-)-α-bisabolol (), and all the metabolites exhibited higher aqueous solubility than that of the parent compound . The structures of newly formed metabolites were established as (1,5,7)- and (1,5,7)-5-hydroxy-α-bisabolol ( and ), (1,5,7,10)-5-hydroxybisabolol oxide B (), (1,7,10)-1-hydroxybisabolol oxide B (), 12-hydroxy-α-bisabolol (), (1,3,4,7)- and (1,3,4,7)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-bisabolol ( and ) on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. These compounds could also be used as reference standards for the detection and identification of the metabolic products of in the mammalian system.
Topics: Absidia; Biotransformation; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes
PubMed: 35164145
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030881 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2021Microbial conjugation studies of licochalcones (-) and xanthohumol () were performed by using the fungi and . As a result, one new glucosylated metabolite was produced...
Microbial conjugation studies of licochalcones (-) and xanthohumol () were performed by using the fungi and . As a result, one new glucosylated metabolite was produced by whereas four new and three known sulfated metabolites were obtained by transformation with . Chemical structures of all the metabolites were elucidated on the basis of 1D-, 2D-NMR and mass spectroscopic data analyses. These results could contribute to a better understanding of the metabolic fates of licochalcones and xanthohumol in mammalian systems. Although licochalcone A 4'-sulfate () showed less cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines compared to its substrate licochalcone A, its activity was fairly retained with the IC values in the range of 27.35-43.07 μM.
Topics: A549 Cells; Absidia; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Proliferation; Chalcones; Flavonoids; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Metabolome; Mucor; Propiophenones
PubMed: 34206985
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136893 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Although species of are known to be ubiquitous in soil, animal dung, and insect and plant debris, the species diversity of the genus and their ecological habitats have...
Although species of are known to be ubiquitous in soil, animal dung, and insect and plant debris, the species diversity of the genus and their ecological habitats have not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, we describe five new species of from forest and grassland soils in southwestern China, with support provided by phylogenetic, morphological, and physiological evidence. The species diversity and ecological habitat of are summarized. Currently, 22 species are recorded in China, which mainly occur in soil, especially in tropical and subtropical forests and mountains. An updated key to the species of in China is also provided herein. This is the first overview of the ecological habitat.
PubMed: 35628728
DOI: 10.3390/jof8050471 -
Current Medical Mycology Mar 2023Mucormycosis (previously called zygomycosis) is a diverse group of increasingly recognized and frequently fatal mycotic diseases caused by members of the class... (Review)
Review
Mucormycosis (previously called zygomycosis) is a diverse group of increasingly recognized and frequently fatal mycotic diseases caused by members of the class zygomycetes. Mucormycosis is around 80 times more common in India, compared to other developed countries, with a frequency of 0.14 cases per 1,000 population. The most frequent causative agent of mucormycosis is the following genera from the Order , , , , , , and . The major risk factors for the development of mucormycosis are diabetic ketoacidosis, deferoxamine treatment, cancer, solid organ or bone marrow transplantations, prolonged steroid use, extreme malnutrition, and neutropenia. The common clinical forms of mucormycosis are rhino-orbital-cerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal. During the second wave of COVID-19, there was a rapid increase in mucormycosis with more severity than before. Amphotericin B is currently found to be an effective drug as it is found to have a broad-spectrum activity and posaconazole is used as a salvage therapy. Newer triazole isavuconazole is also found effective against mucormycosis. This study aimed to review various studies on the laboratory diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis.
PubMed: 37867589
DOI: 10.18502/cmm.2023.345032.1400 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Mar 2015Mucormycosis is an acute often fatal infection caused by fungi of family mucoracea (Kauffman and Malani Curr Infect Dis Rep 9(6):435-440). The principal pathogens in...
Mucormycosis is an acute often fatal infection caused by fungi of family mucoracea (Kauffman and Malani Curr Infect Dis Rep 9(6):435-440). The principal pathogens in this family are rhizopus, mucor and absidia species. Mucoracea are found in soil, decaying vegetation and other organic matter. Mucormycosis is a polymorphic disease with diverse clinical manifestation. It is divided into rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, cardiac, gastrointestinal and disseminated. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis the most commonest manifestation of mucormycosis is usually a fatal fulminant infection. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis can be further divided into rhino-maxillary and rhino-orbito-cerebral. The disease commonly occur in diabetics who have ketoacidosis but is also seen in severely debilitated or immunosuppressed patients. It has also been reported from otherwise normal individuals. Early diagnosis and treatment is mandatory for a successful management of this infection.
PubMed: 25621242
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-014-0804-5 -
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Jan 2024Mucormycosis is a potentially lethal mycosis. We reviewed peer-reviewed publications on mucormycosis to assess therapeutic outcomes. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mucormycosis is a potentially lethal mycosis. We reviewed peer-reviewed publications on mucormycosis to assess therapeutic outcomes.
METHODS
A systematic literature search using the Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases identified manuscripts describing human mucormycosis diagnosed according to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group criteria with therapeutic outcomes published from 2000 to 2022.
RESULTS
In 126 articles, 10 335 patients were described, most from Asia (n = 6632, 66%). Diabetes was the most frequent underlying disease (n = 6188, 60%); 222 (2.1%) patients had no underlying diseases. The dominant clinical form was rhino-orbitocerebral (n = 7159, 69.3%), followed by pulmonary (n = 1062, 10.3%). Of 5364 patients with outcome data, amphotericin B monotherapy (n = 3749, mortality 31.5%) was most frequent, followed by amphotericin B + azole (n = 843, mortality 6.6%; < .0001), amphotericin B followed by azole (n = 357, mortality 13.7%; < .0001), posaconazole only (n = 250, mortality 17.2%; < .0001), and isavuconazole only (n = 65, mortality 24.6%; = .24). Duration and dose of antifungals varied widely. Documented outcomes from surgical resections in 149 patients found that 47 of 125 died (37.6%), compared with 16 of 24 (66.7%) patients who did not undergo surgery ( = .008).
CONCLUSIONS
Mucormycosis is more frequently reported in Asia than in Europe and is often linked to diabetes. Antifungal therapy, usually with surgery, is frequently effective for mucormycosis.
PubMed: 38288347
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad704 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Four new species within the genus , , , , and , are proposed based on a combination of morphological traits, physiological features, and molecular evidences. is...
Four new species within the genus , , , , and , are proposed based on a combination of morphological traits, physiological features, and molecular evidences. is characterized by globose sporangiospores, a 1.0- to 3.5-μm-long papillary projection on columellae, and sympodial sporangiophores. is characterized by cylindrical to oval sporangiospores, a 1.0- to 4.5-μm-long bacilliform projection on columellae, and spine-like rhizoids. is characterized by variable sporangiospores, up to 9.5-μm-long clavate projections on columellae, and swollen top of the projection and inflated hyphae. is characterized by cylindrical to oval sporangiospores, a 2.0- to 3.5-μm-long spinous projection on columellae, and as many as eight whorled sporangiophores. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of internal transcribed spacer rDNA and D1-D2 domains of LSU rDNA support the novelty of these four species within the . All new species are illustrated, and an identification key to all the known species of in China is included.
PubMed: 34421840
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.677836 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2019Fungi of the order Mucorales colonize all kinds of wet, organic materials and represent a permanent part of the human environment. They are economically important as... (Review)
Review
Fungi of the order Mucorales colonize all kinds of wet, organic materials and represent a permanent part of the human environment. They are economically important as fermenting agents of soybean products and producers of enzymes, but also as plant parasites and spoilage organisms. Several taxa cause life-threatening infections, predominantly in patients with impaired immunity. The order Mucorales has now been assigned to the phylum Mucoromycota and is comprised of 261 species in 55 genera. Of these accepted species, 38 have been reported to cause infections in humans, as a clinical entity known as mucormycosis. Due to molecular phylogenetic studies, the taxonomy of the order has changed widely during the last years. Characteristics such as homothallism, the shape of the suspensors, or the formation of sporangiola are shown to be not taxonomically relevant. Several genera including , , , , and have been amended and their revisions are summarized in this review. Medically important species that have been affected by recent changes include and The species concept of (syn. ) is still a matter of debate. Currently, species identification of the Mucorales is best performed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Ecologically, the Mucorales represent a diverse group but for the majority of taxa, the ecological role and the geographic distribution remain unknown. Understanding the biology of these opportunistic fungal pathogens is a prerequisite for the prevention of infections, and, consequently, studies on the ecology of the Mucorales are urgently needed.
PubMed: 31739583
DOI: 10.3390/jof5040106 -
Persoonia Jun 2020Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from marine sediment sand. , (incl. gen. nov.) from soil. , , , ,...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from marine sediment sand. , (incl. gen. nov.) from soil. , , , , and from soil, from leaves of , on leaf litter of , and on soil, on , on soil, from leaves of , from leaves of , from leaves of , from soil associated with dying , from soil, on soil, on leaf litter, on leaf spots of . , on collar rot and stem of , on fallen branch of , from , from soil. , in soil. , from leaves of , and on leaf litter. , on leaf litter. , from indoor chestnut mill. , on soil, on dead needles of , on insects' frass. , from saline water. , from freshwater. , from , as endophyte from , from dates fruit, from swamp. , on soil. , , , and (incl. gen. nov.) from leaves of , from leaves of sp., from skin of human patient, from leaves of , and on leaf litter of , from soil, on soil, from leaves of , (incl. gen. nov.) from plant debris, in calcareus soil, in calcareus soil. , on corticated wood, from leaves of unknown , on branch lesions of , from heartwood of sp. , from leaves of , from air, (incl. gen. nov.) from leaves of , from a human skin sample, (incl. gen. nov.) on outside wall of alcohol distillery, from leaves of , (incl. gen. nov.) from leaves of , from air, from leaves of leaf spots of . , on branches of and on rotten wood. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
PubMed: 33116344
DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2020.44.11