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BMC Pediatrics Sep 2021We looked at existing recommendations for preventing unintentional injuries in children under five years of age, and we attempted to identify the main sources used as... (Review)
Review
We looked at existing recommendations for preventing unintentional injuries in children under five years of age, and we attempted to identify the main sources used as evidence for formulating these recommendations.We conducted a literature search up to the 18th October 2019 by using key terms and manual search in selected sources. We summarized the recommendations and source of the evidence in tables for each of five areas of unintentional injuries: road traffic injuries, drowning, poisoning, thermal injuries, falls.In 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a comprehensive report with strategies for child injury prevention for the European region. More recently, the WHO published several guidance documents focused on one area such as drowning, usually with a global focus. The PrevInfad workgroup (Spanish Association of Primary Care Pediatrics) updated their document on road safety in April 2019, providing recommendations and a summary of the existing evidence. Preventive strategies for injuries in childhood are mainly based on surveillance data and the identification of risk factors. The key strategies for preventing unintentional injuries are a combination of environmental and behaviour modification, that can be achieved through engineering, enforcement and education. Consequently, for this kind of strategies, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of both the intervention itself, and the way the intervention is advised to parents and caretakers so that there is good compliance of the recommendation.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Accidental Injuries; Accidents, Traffic; Burns; Child; Child, Preschool; Drowning; Humans; Infant; Risk Factors; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 34496772
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02517-2 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2022Predicting traffic accident duration is necessary for ensuring traffic safety. Several attempts have been made to achieve high prediction accuracy, but researchers have...
Predicting traffic accident duration is necessary for ensuring traffic safety. Several attempts have been made to achieve high prediction accuracy, but researchers have not considered traffic accident text data in much detail. The limited text data of the first report on an incident describes the characteristics of an accident that are initially available. This paper uses text data fusing and ensemble learning algorithms to build a model to predict an accident's duration, and a preprocessing scheme of accident duration text data is established. Next, the random forest (RF) algorithm is applied to select feature variables of text data related to the traffic incident duration. Last, a text feature vector is introduced to models such as decision tree, k nearest neighbor, support vector regression, random forest, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, and Xtreme Gradient Boosting. Our results show that the improved RF model has good prediction accuracy with RMSE, MAPE and R. From this, the textual factors important to determining the duration of the accident are identified. Further, we investigated that the cumulative importance of 60% is sufficient for traffic accident prediction using text data. These results provide insights into minimizing traffic congestion related to accidents and contribute to the input optimization in text prediction.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Data Mining; Algorithms; Machine Learning
PubMed: 36509866
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25988-4 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Dec 2016
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Humans; Norway; Safety
PubMed: 27929544
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0890 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023Subway operation safety management has become increasingly important due to the severe consequences of accidents and interruptions. As the causative factors and... (Review)
Review
Subway operation safety management has become increasingly important due to the severe consequences of accidents and interruptions. As the causative factors and accidents exhibit a complex and dynamic interrelationship, the proposed subway operation accident causation network (SOACN) could represent the actual scenario in a better way. This study used the SOACN to explore subway operation safety risks and provide suggestions for promoting safety management. The SOACN model was built under 13 accident types, 29 causations and their 84 relationships based on the literature review, grounded theory and association rule analysis, respectively. Based on the network theory, topological features were obtained to showcase different roles of an accident or causation in the SOACN, including degree distribution, betweenness centrality, clustering coefficient, network diameter, and average path length. The SOACN exhibits both small-world network and scale-free features, implying that propagation in the SOACN is fast. Vulnerability evaluation was conducted under network efficiency, and its results indicated that safety management should focus more on fire accident and passenger falling off the rail. This study is beneficial for capturing the complex accident safety-risk-causation relationship in subway operations. It offers suggestions regarding safety-related decision optimization and measures for causation reduction and accident control with high efficiency.
Topics: Accidents; Algorithms; Cluster Analysis; Railroads; Safety Management
PubMed: 36834080
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043386 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2017Sudden illness while driving has been identified as a major cause of vehicle collisions, accounting for approximately 1 in 10 collisions. Because most drivers who... (Review)
Review
Sudden illness while driving has been identified as a major cause of vehicle collisions, accounting for approximately 1 in 10 collisions. Because most drivers who experience sudden illnesses while driving do not perform avoidance maneuvers, the improvement of drivers' health is being promoted as a traffic safety strategy. Although stroke, heart disease, and epilepsy are common causes of sudden illness, common symptoms, such as abdominal cramps, vertigo, and syncope can also cause problems during driving. We found that regular referral to physicians was significantly less common among drivers who experienced health-related vehicle collisions or incidents. Inadequate control of chronic disease might lead to unusual symptoms and the onset of major attacks. Medications are prescribed to patients to relieve their symptoms and/or bring their diseases under control. However, pharmacists and doctors should ensure that patients are treated with appropriate medications to avoid drivers being distracted due to adverse reactions to medications. The author suggests that it is important to keep drivers in good health and administer appropriate medications if necessary. Both pharmacists and doctors should warn drivers that sudden illness or medication-associated distractions can cause vehicle collisions. Such interventions might contribute to reducing the frequency of sudden illness-related vehicle collisions.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents, Traffic; Automobile Driving; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Epilepsy; Health Promotion; Heart Diseases; Humans; Medication Adherence; Patient Education as Topic; Pharmacists; Physicians; Stroke; Vertigo
PubMed: 28250326
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00237-1 -
Lakartidningen Nov 2019In Sweden equestrian sport activities are the sixth most popular sport and predominantly women and girls are engaged. Horses are prey animals and humans are predators,... (Review)
Review
In Sweden equestrian sport activities are the sixth most popular sport and predominantly women and girls are engaged. Horses are prey animals and humans are predators, and the two species therefore act in completely different ways. It is well known that accidents can occur when horses and humans interact. Literature from different countries in the world reveals that most accidents happen to females and also children are at risk. The most common accident is when a rider falls from a horse, but also unmounted humans are at risk for injuries. Most of the injuries are uncomplicated, but there are several reports of serious injuries and death. Prevention of injuries is very important. Education about how horses behave and react in different situations and how to communicate with horses according to Natural Horsemanship strategies make the horses less inclined to escape. The effectiveness of helmets in preventing serious head injury has been well established.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Athletic Injuries; Child; Horses; Humans; Protective Devices; Sweden; Wounds and Injuries; Young Adult
PubMed: 31742653
DOI: No ID Found -
Lancet (London, England) Oct 2017Transportation-related risk factors are a major source of morbidity and mortality in China, where the expansion of road networks and surges in personal vehicle ownership... (Review)
Review
Transportation-related risk factors are a major source of morbidity and mortality in China, where the expansion of road networks and surges in personal vehicle ownership are having profound effects on public health. Road traffic injuries and fatalities have increased alongside increased use of motorised transport in China, and accident injury risk is aggravated by inadequate emergency response systems and trauma care. National air quality standards and emission control technologies are having a positive effect on air quality, but persistent air pollution is increasingly attributable to a growing and outdated vehicle fleet and to famously congested roads. Urban design favours motorised transport, and physical activity and its associated health benefits are hindered by poor urban infrastructure. Transport emissions of greenhouse gases contribute substantially to regional and global climate change, which compound public health risks from multiple factors. Despite these complex challenges, technological advances and innovations in planning and policy stand to make China a leader in sustainable, healthy transportation.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Air Pollution; Automobiles; China; City Planning; Climate Change; Emergency Medical Services; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Public Health; Safety; Transportation; Vehicle Emissions
PubMed: 29047445
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31958-X -
BMC Public Health Jan 2024With the rapid development of China's chemical industry, although researchers have developed many methods in the field of chemical safety, the situation of chemical...
BACKGROUND
With the rapid development of China's chemical industry, although researchers have developed many methods in the field of chemical safety, the situation of chemical safety in China is still not optimistic. How to prevent accidents has always been the focus of scholars' attention.
METHODS
Based on the characteristics of chemical enterprises and the Heinrich accident triangle, this paper developed the organizational-level accident triangle, which divides accidents into group-level, unit-level, and workshop-level accidents. Based on 484 accident records of a large chemical enterprise in China, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the rationality of accident classification and the occurrence rules of accidents at different levels. In addition, this paper used TF-IDF and K-means algorithms to extract keywords and perform text clustering analysis for accidents at different levels based on accident classification. The risk factors of each accident cluster were further analyzed, and improvement measures were proposed for the sample enterprises.
RESULTS
The results show that reducing unit-level accidents can prevent group-level accidents. The accidents of the sample enterprises are mainly personal injury accidents, production accidents, environmental pollution accidents, and quality accidents. The leading causes of personal injury accidents are employees' unsafe behaviors, such as poor safety awareness, non-standard operation, illegal operation, untimely communication, etc. The leading causes of production accidents, environmental pollution accidents, and quality accidents include the unsafe state of materials, such as equipment damage, pipeline leakage, short-circuiting, excessive fluctuation of process parameters, etc. CONCLUSION: Compared with the traditional accident classification method, the accident triangle proposed in this paper based on the organizational level dramatically reduces the differences between accidents, helps enterprises quickly identify risk factors, and prevents accidents. This method can effectively prevent accidents and provide helpful guidance for the safety management of chemical enterprises.
Topics: Humans; Accidents; Chemical Hazard Release; Environmental Pollution; Risk Factors; Safety Management
PubMed: 38166879
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17510-w -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022A metro collapse accident is the main type of metro construction accidents. How to scientifically analyze the key cause factors and their interaction coupling mechanism...
A metro collapse accident is the main type of metro construction accidents. How to scientifically analyze the key cause factors and their interaction coupling mechanism of the existing metro collapse accidents is crucial to reduce the occurrence of metro collapse. Based on the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and the Behavior security "2-4" Model (24Model), the FTA-24Model accident cause analysis framework was constructed by combing their respective characteristics. To be more specific, a logical analysis program was developed to analyze the accident causes by the four-module analysis method. An empirical study was carried out by taking the "12.1" major cave-in accident at the construction site of the Metro Line 11 in Guangzhou as an example. Compared with the case accident report, the FTA-24Model framework analysis method can not only systematically deduce the logical relationship between the accident causes and provides a panorama of the accident cause chain and its evolution process, but also identify the key causes of accidents and their coupling risk effects. For a metro construction accident, this method can not only effectively investigate the accident causes, but also provide a reference for the formulation of prevention strategies.
Topics: Accidents; Accidents, Occupational
PubMed: 35206287
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042102 -
Journal of Safety Research Feb 2024This study analyzes the relationship between measures of occupational accidents and workers' perception of risk in the workplace using nationally representative data on...
INTRODUCTION
This study analyzes the relationship between measures of occupational accidents and workers' perception of risk in the workplace using nationally representative data on workers' characteristics and a complete record of occupational accidents.
METHODS
Regression analyzes addressing both the ordinal nature of the dependent variable and causality were conducted to control for different sociodemographic factors influencing workers' perceptions of occupational risks. Special attention was paid to the risk level of the worker's workgroup, existence of family responsibilities, organizational safety culture, and measures of accident rates.
RESULTS
Individuals showed different perceptions of risk based on their personal and work characteristics. Significant associations were observed between each variable of interest and risk perception. Overall, the results remain robust across specifications addressing both simultaneity and ordinality.
CONCLUSIONS
Employees' "reading" of hazards was not fully aligned with objective information on occupational accidents but depended on individual characteristics. Having family responsibilities or being unionized increased workers' risk perception, whereas belonging to a workgroup with higher accident rates reduced it.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Knowing how workers perceive risk and how this perception deviates from statistical information on accidents are essential for management to accurately design safety measures. In this regard, specific characteristics such as age, having dependents in the family, or the typology of the workers' workgroup should be taken into account. Greater knowledge of preventive measures will improve the way workers perceive risk, and ultimately contribute to reducing the likelihood of occupational accidents.
Topics: Humans; Accidents, Occupational; Workplace; Causality; Safety Management; Self Concept; Occupational Health
PubMed: 38485356
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.11.001