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JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... May 2023To analyse road traffic accident mortalities in a geographical region.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse road traffic accident mortalities in a geographical region.
METHOD
The retrospective study was conducted in Azad Jammu and Kashmir based on secondary data from 2004 to 2017 collected from the police department. Duncan's multiple range test was used to assess the trends in road traffic accident fatalities with respect to districts and divisions. Different goodness-of-fit criteria were used to compare the performance of different regression models to analyse road traffic accident mortalities with respect to vehicle ownership. The parsimonious time series model was used to forecast the future trends of road traffic accident mortalities. R 3.6.0 software was used for data analysis.
RESULTS
There were 5263 major road traffic accidents during the period studied, causing 2317 deaths and 12963 injuries. The number of mortalities in Mirpur division was 923(39.8%), in Muzaffarabad 794(34.3%), and inss Poonch 600(25.9%). The rates of road traffic accident mortalities per 100,000 population increased up to year 2010 and dropped slowly afterwards (Figure 1C). Some disparities were noted among different districts and divisions with respect to road traffic accident mortalities. Based on different goodness-of-fit criteria, the Smeed's model was found to be the most efficient model to analyse the trends of road traffic accident mortalities with respect to vehicle ownership (Table 1). The forecast for road traffic accident mortalities exhibited some fluctuations in the start and a uniform trend afterwards (Figure 6).
CONCLUSIONS
Disparities in road traffic accident fatalities across different districts and divisions of Azad Jammu and Kashmir were observed. Though the rate of road traffic accident mortality was seen to be decreasing since 2010, the situation is for behind compared to the global Sustainable Development Goals.
Topics: Humans; Accidents, Traffic; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37218232
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.1579 -
Jornal de Pediatria 2018To review the literature on interventions planned to prevent the incidence of injuries in childhood. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature on interventions planned to prevent the incidence of injuries in childhood.
SOURCE OF DATA
The PubMed, Web of Science, and Bireme databases were searched by two independent reviewers, employing the single terms accidents, accident, injuries, injury, clinical trial, intervention, educational intervention, and multiple interventions, and their combinations, present in the article title or abstract, with no limits except period of publication (2006-2016) and studies in human subjects.
SYNTHESIS OF DATA
Initially, 11,097 titles were located. Fifteen articles were selected for the review. Eleven were randomized trials (four carried out at the children's households, five in pediatric healthcare services, and two at schools), and four were non-randomized trials carried out at the children's households. Four of the randomized trials were analyzed by intention-to-treat and a protective effect of the intervention was observed: decrease in the number of risk factors, decrease in the number of medical consultations due to injuries, decrease in the prevalence of risk behaviors, and increase of the parents' knowledge regarding injury prevention in childhood.
CONCLUSION
Traumatic injuries in childhood are amenable to primary prevention through strategies that consider the child's age and level of development, as well as structural aspects of the environment.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents, Home; Child; Humans; Primary Prevention; Protective Devices; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 29291398
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.10.010 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022In the process of continuously promoting safety management, major road accidents have become a key obstacle to improving overall road safety. The analysis of the overall... (Review)
Review
In the process of continuously promoting safety management, major road accidents have become a key obstacle to improving overall road safety. The analysis of the overall road accidents hides the characteristics and laws of major road accidents. To clarify the causes of major road accidents, an analysis framework of "individual-vehicle-environment-management" is presented based on a literature review. Considering the interaction of the above variables, the fuzz-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to explore the generating paths of major road accidents based on 42 road accidents. The work shows that: (1) Major road accidents are caused due to the interactive coupling of "individual-vehicle-environment-management" elements. Major road accidents can occur with normal driving behaviors or sufficient response and rescue capabilities. (2) General road accidents and relatively major road accidents are more likely to occur in the presence of driving behavior errors, favorable road facilities, and sufficient response and rescue capabilities. Moreover, major road accidents are more likely to occur due to large vehicles with adverse vehicle performances. (3) There are three path modes and five condition configurations in major road accidents, namely individual-vehicle-management induced, individual-vehicle-environment induced, and vehicle induced mode. This work enriches the accident causation mode from a new configuration perspective and explains which variable combinations lead to the occurrence of major road accidents. Clarification of the differences between general accidents and major accidents will help to accurately predict and restrain the development of major road accidents.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Automobile Driving
PubMed: 36360640
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113761 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2021Due to the fact of activity, environment and work dynamics, the construction industry is characterised by high accident rates. Different initiatives have emerged to... (Review)
Review
Due to the fact of activity, environment and work dynamics, the construction industry is characterised by high accident rates. Different initiatives have emerged to reduce these figures, which focus on using new methodologies and technologies for safety management. Therefore, it is essential to know the key factors and their influence on safety in construction projects (fSCPs) to focus efforts on these elements. Through a systematic literature review, based on PRISMA methodology, this article identifies, describes and categorises 100 factors that affect construction safety. It thus contributes by providing a comprehensive general framework, unifying previous studies focused on specific geographic areas or case studies with factors not considered or insufficiently disaggregated, along with an absence of classifications focused on understanding where and how factors affect the different dimensions of construction projects. The 100 factors identified are described and categorised according to the dimensions and aspects of the project in which these have an impact, along with identifying whether they are shaping or immediate factors or originating influences for the generation of accidents. These factors, their description and classification are a key contribution to improving the systematic creation of safety and generating training and awareness materials to fully develop a safety culture in organisations.
Topics: Accidents, Occupational; Construction Industry; Occupational Health; Safety Management
PubMed: 34682629
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010884 -
Journal of Environmental and Public... 2023Coal chemical enterprises have many risk factors, and the causes of accidents are complex. The traditional risk assessment methods rely on expert experience and previous...
Coal chemical enterprises have many risk factors, and the causes of accidents are complex. The traditional risk assessment methods rely on expert experience and previous literature to determine the causes of accidents, which has the problems such as lack of objectivity and low interpretation ability. Analyzing the accident report helps to identify typical accident risk factors and determines the accident evolution rule. However, experts usually judge this work manually, which is subjective and time-consuming. This paper developed an improved approach to identify safety risk factors from a volume of coal chemical accident reports using text mining (TM) technology. Firstly, the accident report was preprocessed, and the Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) was used for feature extraction. Then, the -means algorithm and apriori algorithm were developed to cluster and for the association rule analysis of the vectorized documents in the TF-IDF matrix, respectively to quickly identify the hidden risk factors and the relationship between risk factors in the accident report and to propose targeted safety management measures. Using the sample data of 505 accidents in a large coal chemical enterprise in Western China in the past seven years, the enterprise accident reports were analyzed by text clustering analysis and association rule analysis methods. Through the analysis, six accident clusters and 13 association rules were obtained, and the main risk factors of each accident cluster were further mined, and the corresponding management suggestions were put forward for the enterprise. This method provides a new idea for coal chemical enterprises to make safety management decisions and helps to prevent safety accidents.
Topics: Accidents, Occupational; Coal; Coal Mining; Risk Factors; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 36747503
DOI: 10.1155/2023/4181159 -
Work (Reading, Mass.) 2018It is well known that electrical accidents can cause physical injury. Less well known is that long-term consequences may include emotional and cognitive problems.
BACKGROUND
It is well known that electrical accidents can cause physical injury. Less well known is that long-term consequences may include emotional and cognitive problems.
OBJECTIVE
To explore electricians' experiences and perceptions of work-related electrical accidents, with focus on psychological short- and long-term consequences, including how contacts with health care services and the workplace were perceived.
METHODS
Semi-structured interviews with 23 Swedish male electricians, aged 25- 68, who had experienced at least one electrical accident and reported residual sensory, musculoskeletal, cognitive or emotional symptoms. Data was analyzed by means of qualitative content analysis.
RESULTS
Immediate emotional reactions included surprise, confusion, fear, anxiety, and anger; also long-term consequences were seen. Experiencing a no-let-go situation was particularly stressful. The cause of the accident, and questions about guilt and blame were central in the aftermath. Lack of knowledge and routine among health care professionals concerning electrical injury was reported, as well as lack of medical and psychological follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
For some informants, the accident had been a life-changing event, while for others it was an event of little importance. Adequate handling at the workplace, and from health care personnel, including follow-up, could facilitate rehabilitation and return to work.
Topics: Accidents; Adult; Aged; Electric Injuries; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Life Change Events; Male; Middle Aged; Perception; Qualitative Research; Sweden
PubMed: 30124461
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-182765 -
Ulusal Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi =... Oct 2023The percentage of e-scooter use quickly escalated in our community due to its convenience, low cost, and eases of use. The number of accidents causing high-energy...
BACKGROUND
The percentage of e-scooter use quickly escalated in our community due to its convenience, low cost, and eases of use. The number of accidents causing high-energy traumas has also increased. This study aims to describe the demographic char-acteristics and fracture patterns of patients admitted to the emergency department following an e-scooter accident and to identify common, correctable factors that increased the likelihood of accidents.
METHODS
Between January 2022 and August 2022, 43 patients (20 females and 23 males) who were admitted to the emergency department after an e-scooter accident and developed extremity fractures were included. The patients were divided into 2 groups those treated surgically and conservatively. Parameters such as the time of the accident, education level of the user, alcohol use, e-scooter malfunction, and compliance with traffic rules were evaluated.
RESULTS
Accidents that led to treatment by surgery mostly occurred between 11 pm and 7 am. Surgically treated patients were mostly high school graduates. Alcohol use and recreational scooter use rates were statistically higher in the operated patients when compared to patients who were treated conservatively. The number of patients who reported a malfunction in the e-scooter was significantly lower in the operated group than in the conservative group. The rates of accidents due to non-compliance with traffic laws, driving at full speed of the e-scooter, use on the driveway, and presence of wet ground at the time of the accident were higher in the surgically treated patient group. Surgically treated patients also had a higher rate of being 1st time e-scooter users.
CONCLUSION
Although governments have introduced many regulations regarding e-scooter use, the current situation seems insufficient in solving the problem. E-scooter users should be further educated about the associated risks. Authorities should tighten their supervision of scooter rental companies and drivers. Nighttime usage conditions should be reviewed, and the use of alcohol should be controlled. The use of helmets should be mandatory. If such regulations are tightened, accident rates can be reduced or high-energy impacts from existing accidents can be avoided. The results suggest that experienced, slow, non-alcoholic, and rule-abiding drivers require less operative treatment. This article will hopefully raise awareness and improve e-scooter regulations.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Accidents, Traffic; Dreams; Accidents; Fractures, Bone; Hospitalization; Emergency Service, Hospital; Retrospective Studies; Head Protective Devices
PubMed: 37791439
DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2023.35848 -
Injury Prevention : Journal of the... Jun 2016Drowning is a leading cause of unintentional death. Rivers are a common location for drowning. Unlike other location-specific prevention efforts (home swimming pools and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Drowning is a leading cause of unintentional death. Rivers are a common location for drowning. Unlike other location-specific prevention efforts (home swimming pools and beaches), little is known about prevention targeting river drowning deaths.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was undertaken using English language papers published between 1980 and 2014, exploring gaps in the literature, with a focus on epidemiology, risk factors and prevention strategies for river drowning.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine papers were deemed relevant to the study design including 21 (72.4%) on epidemiology, 18 (62.1%) on risk factors and 10 (34.5%) that proposed strategies for prevention. Risk factors identified included age, falls into water, swimming, using watercraft, sex and alcohol.
DISCUSSION
Gaps were identified in the published literature. These included a lack of an agreed definition for rivers, rates for fatal river drowning (however, crude rates were calculated for 12 papers, ranging from 0.20 to 1.89 per 100 000 people per annum), and consensus around risk factors, especially age. There was only one paper that explored a prevention programme; the remaining nine outlined proposed prevention activities. There is a need for studies into exposure patterns for rivers and an agreed definition (with consistent coding).
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review has identified that river drowning deaths are an issue in many regions and countries around the world. Further work to address gaps in the published research to date would benefit prevention efforts.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents; Drowning; Environment Design; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Preventive Health Services; Risk Factors; Rivers; Swimming
PubMed: 26728005
DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041750 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) May 2022The relevance of scientific investigations, whether simulative or empirical, is strongly related to the environment used and the scenarios associated with it. Within the...
The relevance of scientific investigations, whether simulative or empirical, is strongly related to the environment used and the scenarios associated with it. Within the field of cooperative intelligent transport systems, use-cases are defined to describe the benefits of applications. This has already been conducted in the available safety-relevant Day 1 applications longitudinal and intersection collision risk warning through the respective technical specifications. However, the relevance of traffic scenarios is always a function of accident severity and frequency of a retrospective consideration of accident databases. In this study, vehicle-to-vehicle scenarios with high frequency and/or severe personal injuries are therefore determined with the help of the CISS database and linked to the use-cases of the safety-relevant Day 1 applications. The relevance of the scenarios thus results on the one hand from the classical parameters of retrospective accident analysis and on the other hand from the coverage by the named vehicle-to-x applications. As a result, accident scenarios with oncoming vehicles are the most relevant scenarios for investigations with cooperative intelligent transport systems. In addition, high coverage of the most critical scenarios within the use-cases of longitudinal and intersection collision risk warning is already apparent.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Computer Simulation; Databases, Factual; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35591252
DOI: 10.3390/s22093562 -
PloS One 2021The catastrophic environmental, life and monetary losses concomitant to the hazardous cargo accidents have remained a matter of critical concern for the maritime...
The catastrophic environmental, life and monetary losses concomitant to the hazardous cargo accidents have remained a matter of critical concern for the maritime transportation officials. The factors that instigate these accidents while dealing with hazardous cargo in a port environment requires rigorous analysis and evaluation, which still remains in its infancy. In accord to these prevailing issues, this study focusses on the assessment of multifactor risks associated with the dealing of hazardous cargos inside a port. The methodology adopted is the amalgamation of expert judgment and literature review for the identification of factors and developing their causal relationship, while Bayesian Network (BN) for the inference, which was based on 348 past accident reports from the year 1990 to 2018. The results indicate that under normal circumstances, the probability of an accident with considerable consequences is 59.8, where human and management were found to be the highest contributing factors. Setting evidence at the environment and pollution accident to occur, the incidence probability of the "management" is raised by 7.06%. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the most critical factors for the hazardous cargo accident. This study reveals that in order to evade the hazardous cargo accidents and curtail severity of the consequences, the port authorities, concerned government departments and other related institutions should pay specific attention to the qualification, training and attitude of the involved workforce. Moreover, the development and implementation of stringent safety protocols was also revealed to have critical prominence. This study holds practical vitality for enhancing safety and mitigating risks associated to hazardous cargo dealing in a port.
Topics: Accidents; Accidents, Traffic; Bayes Theorem; Hazardous Substances; Risk Assessment; Transportation
PubMed: 34086789
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252732