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Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2023Exopolysaccharides formation against harmful biotic and abiotic environmental influences is common among bacteria. By using renewable resources as a substrate,... (Review)
Review
Exopolysaccharides formation against harmful biotic and abiotic environmental influences is common among bacteria. By using renewable resources as a substrate, exopolysaccharides represent a sustainable alternative to fossil-based polymers as rheological modifiers in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications. The family of traditionally associated with fermented food products, has demonstrated their ability to produce a wide range of structural and functional different polymers with interesting physicochemical properties. Several strains are well known for their production of homopolysaccharides of high industrial importance, such as levan and bacterial cellulose. Moreover, some are able to form acetan-like heteropolysaccharides with a high structural resemblance to xanthan. This mini review summarizes the current knowledge and recent trends in both homo- and heteropolysaccharide production by .
PubMed: 37064223
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1166618 -
Journal of Basic Microbiology Aug 2015For centuries, the Acetobacteraceae is known as a family that harbors many species of organisms of biotechnological importance for industry. Nonetheless, since 1988... (Review)
Review
For centuries, the Acetobacteraceae is known as a family that harbors many species of organisms of biotechnological importance for industry. Nonetheless, since 1988 representatives of this family have also been described as nitrogen fixing bacteria able to plant growth promotion by a variety of mechanisms. Nitrogen fixation is a biological process that guarantees that the atmospheric N2 is incorporated into organic matter by several bacterial groups. Most representatives of this group, also known as diazotrophic, are generally associated with soil rhizosphere of many plants and also establishing a more specific association living inside roots, leaves, and others plants tissues as endophyte. Their roles as plant growth-promoting microorganisms are generally related to increase in plant biomass, phosphate and other mineral solubilization, and plant pathogen control. Here, we report many of these plant growth-promoting processes related to nitrogen fixing species already described in Acetobacteraceae family, especially Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and their importance to agriculture. In addition, a brief review of the state of art of the phylogenetics, main physiological and biochemical characteristics, molecular and functional genomic data of this group of Acetobacteraceae is presented.
Topics: Acetobacteraceae; Agriculture; Biomass; Endophytes; Gluconacetobacter; Nitrogen Fixation; Phylogeny; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Rhizosphere; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 25736602
DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400898 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2023Acetobacteraceae are one of the best known and most extensively studied groups of bacteria, which nowadays encompasses a variety of taxa that are very different from the...
Acetobacteraceae are one of the best known and most extensively studied groups of bacteria, which nowadays encompasses a variety of taxa that are very different from the vinegar-producing species defining the family. Our paper presents the most detailed phylogeny of all current taxa classified as , for which we propose a taxonomic revision. Several of such taxa inhabit some of the most extreme environments on the planet, from the deserts of Antarctica to the Sinai desert, as well as acidic niches in volcanic sites like the one we have been studying in Patagonia. Our work documents the progressive variation of the respiratory chain in early branching Acetobacteraceae into the different respiratory chains of acidophilic taxa such as and acetous taxa such as . Remarkably, several genomes retain remnants of ancestral photosynthetic traits and functional complexes. Thus, we propose that the common ancestor of was photosynthetic.
Topics: Acetobacteraceae; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Acids; Antarctic Regions; DNA, Bacterial
PubMed: 37975678
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00575-23 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Jan 2022Acetobacteraceae is an economically important family of bacteria that is used for industrial fermentation in the food/feed sector and for the preparation of sorbose and...
Acetobacteraceae is an economically important family of bacteria that is used for industrial fermentation in the food/feed sector and for the preparation of sorbose and bacterial cellulose. It comprises two major groups: acetous species (acetic acid bacteria) associated with flowers, fruits and insects, and acidophilic species, a phylogenetically basal and physiologically heterogeneous group inhabiting acid or hot springs, sludge, sewage and freshwater environments. Despite the biotechnological importance of the family Acetobacteraceae, the literature does not provide any information about its ability to produce specialized metabolites. We therefore constructed a phylogenomic tree based on concatenated protein sequences from 141 type strains of the family and predicted the presence of small-molecule biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) using the antiSMASH tool. This dual approach allowed us to associate certain biosynthetic pathways with particular taxonomic groups. We found that acidophilic and acetous species contain on average ~ 6.3 and ~ 3.4 BGCs per genome, respectively. All the Acetobacteraceae strains encoded proteins involved in hopanoid biosynthesis, with many also featuring genes encoding type-1 and type-3 polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide synthases, and enzymes for aryl polyene, lactone and ribosomal peptide biosynthesis. Our in silico analysis indicated that the family Acetobacteraceae is a potential source of many undiscovered bacterial metabolites and deserves more detailed experimental exploration.
Topics: Acetobacteraceae; Biosynthetic Pathways; Multigene Family; Phylogeny
PubMed: 34761294
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01676-7 -
BMC Genomics Jun 2019Symbiotic relationships between animals and bacteria have profound impacts on the evolutionary trajectories of each partner. Animals and gut bacteria engage in a variety...
BACKGROUND
Symbiotic relationships between animals and bacteria have profound impacts on the evolutionary trajectories of each partner. Animals and gut bacteria engage in a variety of relationships, occasionally persisting over evolutionary timescales. Ants are a diverse group of animals that engage in many types of associations with taxonomically distinct groups of bacterial associates. Here, we bring into culture and characterize two closely-related strains of gut associated Acetobacteraceae (AAB) of the red carpenter ant, Camponotus chromaiodes.
RESULTS
Genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation of both strains delineate stark patterns of genomic erosion and sequence divergence in gut associated AAB. We found widespread horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in these bacterial associates and report elevated gene acquisition associated with energy production and conversion, amino acid and coenzyme transport and metabolism, defense mechanisms, and lysine export. Both strains have acquired the complete NADH-quinone oxidoreductase complex, plausibly from an Enterobacteriaceae origin, likely facilitating energy production under diverse conditions. Conservation of several lysine biosynthetic and salvage pathways and accumulation of lysine export genes via HGT implicate L-lysine supplementation by both strains as a potential functional benefit for the host. These trends are contrasted by genome-wide erosion of several amino acid biosynthetic pathways and pathways in central metabolism. We perform phylogenomic analyses on both strains as well as several free living and host associated AAB. Based on their monophyly and deep divergence from other AAB, these C. chromaiodes gut associates may represent a novel genus. Together, our results demonstrate how extensive horizontal transfer between gut associates along with genome-wide deletions leads to mosaic metabolic pathways. More broadly, these patterns demonstrate that HGT and genomic erosion shape metabolic capabilities of persistent gut associates and influence their genomic evolution.
CONCLUSIONS
Using comparative genomics, our study reveals substantial changes in genomic content in persistent associates of the insect gastrointestinal tract and provides evidence for the evolutionary pressures inherent to this environment. We describe patterns of genomic erosion and horizontal acquisition that result in mosaic metabolic pathways. Accordingly, the phylogenetic position of both strains of these associates form a divergent, monophyletic clade sister to gut associates of honey bees and more distantly to Gluconobacter.
Topics: Acetobacteraceae; Animals; Ants; Evolution, Molecular; Gastrointestinal Tract; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genomics; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Phylogeny; Symbiosis
PubMed: 31182035
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5844-5 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022Fermented foods play an important role in the human diet and particularly so in under-resourced environments where cold preservation is not attainable due to irregular...
Fermented foods play an important role in the human diet and particularly so in under-resourced environments where cold preservation is not attainable due to irregular supply of electricity. Fermented foods are reported to support gut health by contributing probiotics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microbial diversity and metabolic potential of spontaneous millet fermentation. The literature in the field was reviewed and analyses were conducted on publicly available Sequence Read Archive (SRA) datasets. Quality analysis was performed with FastQC, and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were generated using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME2) and Divisive Amplicon Denoising Algorithm (DADA2) pipelines with Greengenes as the reference database. Metagenomics and pathways analysis were performed with Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2). Statistical analysis and visualization were accomplished with Statistical Analysis of Metagenomic Profiles (STAMP). At the family taxonomic level, there were differences in the relative abundances of the dominant taxa of bacteria that are involved in the spontaneous fermentation of millet namely , , , , and . was the dominant family in one dataset. The incidence of and suggest the probiotic characteristics of fermented millet. The datasets were collected with fermentations that were mediated by autochthonous microorganisms and the presence of some potential pathogens such as , , , , , and which suggest the need for standardization of fermentation approaches. The genomes show the potential to synthesize metabolites such as essential amino acids and vitamins, suggesting that the respective fermented foods can be further optimized to enhance nutritional benefits.
Topics: Humans; Fermentation; Micronutrients; Phylogeny; Bacteria; Microbiota; Edible Grain; Trace Elements
PubMed: 36554499
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416621 -
Comparison of Rhizospheric and Endophytic Bacterial Compositions between Netted and Oriental Melons.Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2023To elucidate the biological mechanism of formation of the netted pattern in melons, the characteristics of the soil bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere and...
To elucidate the biological mechanism of formation of the netted pattern in melons, the characteristics of the soil bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere and of the endophytic bacteria in the stems of netted melons were analyzed. High-throughput sequencing technology was used for the analysis of plant stem and soil samples collected from netted melons (NM) and oriental melons (OM). At the phylum level, Acidobacteria, Dependentiae, and Chloroflexi were the dominant endophytic bacteria in the stems of NM only. In addition, at the genus level, the soil bacteria enriched in the rhizospheres of NM and OM were different. Five unique dominant bacterial genera, including , , , , and , were the dominant soil bacteria unique to the rhizosphere of NM. In contrast, Mycobacterium and were the dominant soil bacteria in the rhizosphere of OM. Moreover, , , , , , , , , , , , , and were the dominant endophytic bacteria in the stems of NM. In contrast, , , , , , and were the dominant endophytic bacteria in the stems of OM. The specific substances (enzymes, proteins, endogenous hormones, etc.) secreted by unique rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria, such as and , may activate the promoters of genes. Therefore, the expression of genes can be regulated by unique rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria for formation or nonformation of netting in melons. The study of the differential structures and functions of rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial communities between netted melon and oriental melon treatments is investigated. Our findings make a significant contribution to the literature because they are the first step in coupling the study of rhizospheric and endophytic microbial community structure to reticulation formation in netted melon. Further, we believe that this research appears to be meaningful because it provides new insights into the mechanisms of reticulation formation in netted melon in modern agricultural production.
Topics: Agriculture; Soil; Bacillus; Microbiota; Flavobacterium; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 36622169
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04027-22 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2021Bacterial cellulose (BC) is recognized as a multifaceted, versatile biomaterial with abundant applications. Groups of microorganisms such as bacteria are accountable for... (Review)
Review
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is recognized as a multifaceted, versatile biomaterial with abundant applications. Groups of microorganisms such as bacteria are accountable for BC synthesis through static or agitated fermentation processes in the presence of competent media. In comparison to static cultivation, agitated cultivation provides the maximum yield of the BC. A pure cellulose BC can positively interact with hydrophilic or hydrophobic biopolymers while being used in the biomedical domain. From the last two decades, the reinforcement of biopolymer-based biocomposites and its applicability with BC have increased in the research field. The harmony of hydrophobic biopolymers can be reduced due to the high moisture content of BC in comparison to hydrophilic biopolymers. Mechanical properties are the important parameters not only in producing green composite but also in dealing with tissue engineering, medical implants, and biofilm. The wide requisition of BC in medical as well as industrial fields has warranted the scaling up of the production of BC with added economy. This review provides a detailed overview of the production and properties of BC and several parameters affecting the production of BC and its biocomposites, elucidating their antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy with an insight to highlight their therapeutic potential.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Biopolymers; Cellulose; Escherichia coli; Gluconacetobacter xylinus; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Nanocomposites; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 34884787
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312984 -
BMC Microbiology Jul 2016Symbiotic associations between gut microbiota and their animal hosts shape the evolutionary trajectories of both partners. The genomic consequences of these...
BACKGROUND
Symbiotic associations between gut microbiota and their animal hosts shape the evolutionary trajectories of both partners. The genomic consequences of these relationships are significantly influenced by a variety of factors, including niche localization, interaction potential, and symbiont transmission mode. In eusocial insect hosts, socially transmitted gut microbiota may represent an intermediate point between free living or environmentally acquired bacteria and those with strict host association and maternal transmission.
RESULTS
We characterized the bacterial communities associated with an abundant ant species, Camponotus chromaiodes. While many bacteria had sporadic distributions, some taxa were abundant and persistent within and across ant colonies. Specially, two Acetobacteraceae operational taxonomic units (OTUs; referred to as AAB1 and AAB2) were abundant and widespread across host samples. Dissection experiments confirmed that AAB1 and AAB2 occur in C. chromaiodes gut tracts. We explored the distribution and evolution of these Acetobacteraceae OTUs in more depth. We found that Camponotus hosts representing different species and geographical regions possess close relatives of the Acetobacteraceae OTUs detected in C. chromaiodes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AAB1 and AAB2 join other ant associates in a monophyletic clade. This clade consists of Acetobacteraceae from three ant tribes, including a third, basal lineage associated with Attine ants. This ant-specific AAB clade exhibits a significant acceleration of substitution rates at the 16S rDNA gene and elevated AT content. Substitutions along 16S rRNA in AAB1 and AAB2 result in ~10 % reduction in the predicted rRNA stability.
CONCLUSIONS
Combined, these patterns in Camponotus-associated Acetobacteraceae resemble those found in cospeciating gut associates that are both socially and maternally transmitted. These associates may represent an intermediate point along an evolutionary trajectory manifest most extremely in symbionts with strict maternal transmission. Collectively, these results suggest that Acetobacteraceae may be a frequent and persistent gut associate in Camponotus species and perhaps other ant groups, and that its evolution is strongly impacted by this host association.
Topics: Acetobacteraceae; Animals; Ants; Base Sequence; Biodiversity; Biological Evolution; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Evolution, Molecular; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genes, Bacterial; Host Specificity; Microbial Consortia; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Symbiosis
PubMed: 27400652
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0721-8 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Jun 2022Gluconobacter oxydans is a well-known acetic acid bacterium that has long been applied in the biotechnological industry. Its extraordinary capacity to oxidize a variety... (Review)
Review
Gluconobacter oxydans is a well-known acetic acid bacterium that has long been applied in the biotechnological industry. Its extraordinary capacity to oxidize a variety of sugars, polyols, and alcohols into acids, aldehydes, and ketones is advantageous for the production of valuable compounds. Relevant G. oxydans industrial applications are in the manufacture of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), miglitol, gluconic acid and its derivatives, and dihydroxyacetone. Increasing efforts on improving these processes have been made in the last few years, especially by applying metabolic engineering. Thereby, a series of genes have been targeted to construct powerful recombinant strains to be used in optimized fermentation. Furthermore, low-cost feedstocks, mostly agro-industrial wastes or byproducts, have been investigated, to reduce processing costs and improve the sustainability of G. oxydans bioprocess. Nonetheless, further research is required mainly to make these raw materials feasible at the industrial scale. The current shortage of suitable genetic tools for metabolic engineering modifications in G. oxydans is another challenge to be overcome. This paper aims to give an overview of the most relevant industrial G. oxydans processes and the current strategies developed for their improvement.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Biotechnology; Fermentation; Gluconobacter oxydans; Metabolic Engineering
PubMed: 35688964
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03310-8