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BMC Veterinary Research Jul 2019Infectious abortion in ruminants is a problem in animal husbandry worldwide. It is important to obtain a diagnosis, to make sure that proper control measures can be...
BACKGROUND
Infectious abortion in ruminants is a problem in animal husbandry worldwide. It is important to obtain a diagnosis, to make sure that proper control measures can be instituted, but most abortion cases remain without an etiologic diagnosis. This report describes the presence of Arcobacter species and several neglected opportunistic abortifacient agents in ruminant abortion cases showing or not co-infections among at least one of the major recognized protozoal, fungal, bacterial and viral abortifacient agents.
RESULTS
A total of 67 fetuses (55 cattle and 12 goats) and just one placenta (cattle) were considered. Among the most common abortive agents, Neospora caninum (19,4%), followed by Chlamydophila abortus (4,5%), Listeria monocytogenes 1/2a (2,98%), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus type 1b (2,98%), Bovine herpesvirus 4 (2,98%), and Aspergillus spp. (2,98%) were detected. The isolated neglected opportunistic bacteria include Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus suis, Trueperella pyogenes, Mannheimia haemolytica, Bacillus cereus and Nocardia spp. Other bacterial species, not associated with abortion by literature, but described as causes of diseases occurring sporadically both in humans and animals, were also detected. Three Arcobacter strains, namely two A. skirrowii and one A. cryaerophilus, were isolated from 3 bovine aborted fetuses, and A. butzleri was isolated from the placenta.
CONCLUSIONS
A not negligible isolation of Arcobacter species and other neglected abortifacient agents has to be mentioned, with prevalences that seem to be emerging and replacing or co-placing the major infectious players in bovine and caprine reproductive failure due to abortion disease, even if further studies investigating the aetiological power and transmission routes are needed in order to define the role of these microrganisms in ruminant abortion.
Topics: Aborted Fetus; Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Arcobacter; Bacterial Infections; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Italy; Mycoses; Opportunistic Infections; Parasitic Diseases, Animal; Placenta; Pregnancy; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 31340816
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2009-3 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023Silver-doped Cobalt Ferrite nanoparticles AgCoFeO with concentrations (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) have been prepared using a hydrothermal technique. The XRD pattern...
Silver-doped Cobalt Ferrite nanoparticles AgCoFeO with concentrations (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) have been prepared using a hydrothermal technique. The XRD pattern confirms the formation of the spinel phase of CoFeO and the presence of Ag ions in the spinel structure. The spinel phase AgCoFeO nanoparticles are confirmed by FTIR analysis by the major bands formed at 874 and 651 cm, which represent the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The analysis of optical properties reveals an increase in band gap energy with increasing concentration of the dopant. The energy band gap values depicted for prepared nanoparticles with concentrations x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 are 3.58 eV, 3.08 eV, 2.93 eV, and 2.84 eV respectively. Replacement of the Co ion with the nonmagnetic Ag ion causes a change in saturation magnetization, with Ms values of 48.36, 29.06, 40.69, and 45.85 emu/g being recorded. The CoFeO and Ag CoFeO nanoparticles were found to be effective against the Acinetobacter Lwoffii and Moraxella species, with a high inhibition zone value of x = 0.15 and 8 × 8 cm against bacteria. It is suggested that, by the above results, the synthesized material is suitable for memory storage devices and antibacterial activity.
PubMed: 37735178
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41729-7 -
PloS One 2016Burkholderia sp. K24, formerly known as Acinetobacter lwoffii K24, is a soil bacterium capable of utilizing aniline as its sole carbon and nitrogen source. Genomic...
Burkholderia sp. K24, formerly known as Acinetobacter lwoffii K24, is a soil bacterium capable of utilizing aniline as its sole carbon and nitrogen source. Genomic sequence analysis revealed that this bacterium possesses putative gene clusters for biodegradation of various monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs), including benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX), as well as aniline. We verified the proposed MAH biodegradation pathways by dioxygenase activity assays, RT-PCR, and LC/MS-based quantitative proteomic analyses. This proteogenomic approach revealed four independent degradation pathways, all converging into the citric acid cycle. Aniline and p-hydroxybenzoate degradation pathways converged into the β-ketoadipate pathway. Benzoate and toluene were degraded through the benzoyl-CoA degradation pathway. The xylene isomers, i.e., o-, m-, and p-xylene, were degraded via the extradiol cleavage pathways. Salicylate was degraded through the gentisate degradation pathway. Our results show that Burkholderia sp. K24 possesses versatile biodegradation pathways, which may be employed for efficient bioremediation of aniline and BTX.
Topics: Acyl Coenzyme A; Adipates; Aniline Compounds; Bacterial Proteins; Benzene; Biodegradation, Environmental; Burkholderia; Citric Acid Cycle; Dioxygenases; Gene Expression; Gene Ontology; Gentisates; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Salicylic Acid; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Toluene; Xylenes
PubMed: 27124467
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154233 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Feb 2020BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that a neotype rectal cooling device can induce mild hypothermia (MH) in Sprague-Dawley rats with ischemic-hypoxic brain damage...
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that a neotype rectal cooling device can induce mild hypothermia (MH) in Sprague-Dawley rats with ischemic-hypoxic brain damage (HIBD) and inhibit cell apoptosis in the hippocampal CAl region, and does not cause damage to rectal tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of rectal MH on bacterial translocation (BT) in Sprague-Dawley rats with HIBD. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group (group C), a normothermia group (group NT), a cooling blanket group (group CB), and a rectal cooling group (group RC). Rats in group CB and group RC received MH using a cooling blanket and rectal cooling device after HIBD model establishment. Then, we measured diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate level separately in groups NT, CB, and RC. Finally, the spleen, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected for bacterial culture, and rectal tissues were collected for H&E staining. RESULTS The therapeutic outcome was better in Sprague-Dawley rats receiving rectal MH without rectal injury compared to rats in group CB. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was found in MLNs in group RC. E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter lwoffii were detected in the rats of groups CB and NT. At 12 h following rectal MH, DAO and D-lactate levels were lower than in group NT. CONCLUSIONS The neotype rectal MH cooling method could be a potential strategy to induce rapid, controllable hypothermia, thus reducing the possibility of inflammatory cell infiltration and BT incidence.
Topics: Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Translocation; Hypothermia, Induced; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Inflammation; Intestines; Lactic Acid; Male; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rectum
PubMed: 32017761
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.919680 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020Koumiss is a traditional fermented raw mare's milk product. It contains high nutritional value and is well-known for its health-promoting effect as an alimentary...
Koumiss is a traditional fermented raw mare's milk product. It contains high nutritional value and is well-known for its health-promoting effect as an alimentary supplement. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial diversity, especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB), in koumiss and raw mare's milk. Forty-two samples, including koumiss and raw mare's milk, were collected from the pastoral area in Yili, Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China. This work applied PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to profile full-length 16S rRNA genes, which was a powerful technology enabling bacterial taxonomic assignment to the species precision. The SMRT sequencing identified 12 phyla, 124 genera, and 227 species across 29 koumiss samples. Eighteen phyla, 286 genera, and 491 species were found across 13 raw mare's milk samples. The bacterial microbiota diversity of the raw mare's milk was more complex and diverse than the koumiss. Raw mare's milk was rich in LAB, such as (.) , (.) , and . In addition, raw mare's milk also contained sequences representing pathogenic bacteria, such as , (.) , and . The koumiss microbiota mainly comprised LAB, and sequences representing pathogenic bacteria were not detected. Meanwhile, the koumiss was enriched with secondary metabolic pathways that were potentially beneficial for health. Using a Random Forest model, the two kinds of samples could be distinguished with a high accuracy 95.2% [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.98] based on 42 species and functions. Comprehensive depiction of the microbiota in raw mare's milk and koumiss might help elucidate evolutionary and functional relationships among the bacterial communities in these dairy products. The current work suffered from the limitation of a low sample size, so further work would be required to verify our findings.
PubMed: 33193214
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581610 -
The Journal of Hospital Infection Apr 2024Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is a common pathogen associated with healthcare-acquired infections, and robust infection prevention and control protocols...
BACKGROUND
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is a common pathogen associated with healthcare-acquired infections, and robust infection prevention and control protocols exist in human healthcare settings. In contrast, infection prevention and control (IPC) standards are limited in veterinary medicine, necessitating further investigation.
AIM
Examine the possible transmission of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. in a veterinary practice where a cat was diagnosed with an OXA-23-producing A. baumannii ST2 strain.
METHODS
Environmental samples together with nasal and hand swabs from the veterinary personnel were collected. All swabs were screened for the presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, meticillin-resistant staphylococcus and multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for carbapenemase-producing strains.
RESULTS
Of the veterinary staff, 60% carried meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Environmental evaluation showed that 40% (N=6/15) of the surfaces analysed by contact plates and 40% (N=8/20) by swabs failed the hygiene criteria. Assessment of the surfaces revealed contamination with five OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter spp. strains: an OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter schindleri on the weight scale in the waiting room; and four OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter lwoffii strains, on different surfaces of the treatment room. The bla gene was located on the same plasmid-carrying Tn2008 across the different Acinetobacter spp. strains. These plasmids closely resemble a previously described OXA-23-encoding plasmid from a human Portuguese nosocomial Acinetobacter pittii isolate. Distinctly, the OXA-23-producing A. baumannii ST2 clinical strain had the resistant gene located on Tn2006, possibly inserted on the chromosome.
CONCLUSION
The detection of an OXA-23-producing A. baumannii ST2 veterinary clinical strain is of concern for companion animal health and infection, prevention and control. This study established the dynamic of transmission of the plasmid-mediated bla gene on critical surfaces of a small animal veterinary practice. The genetic resemblance to a plasmid found in human nosocomial settings suggests a potential One Health link.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; Methicillin; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; One Health; Acinetobacter Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Acinetobacter baumannii; Carbapenems; Cross Infection; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38365067
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.02.001 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Aug 2018This study aims to determine the microbiological profile and risk factors associated with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in canine severe corneal ulcers. Thirty-two...
This study aims to determine the microbiological profile and risk factors associated with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in canine severe corneal ulcers. Thirty-two corneal and conjunctival swabs were collected from dogs with diagnosed severe corneal ulcers that presented to Prasu-Arthorn veterinary teaching hospital in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand from June 2015 to June 2016. Microorganisms were identified by means of genotypic and phenotypic approaches. Of 32 ulcers sampled, 26 (81.3%) yielded culturable microorganisms with 24 bacterial isolates and 7 fungal isolates. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus spp. (45.8%, 11/24) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.8%, 5/24). Out of 11 staphylococcal isolates identified, 10 carried the mecA gene providing methicillin resistance. The extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) encoding genes bla and bla were found in an Acinetobacter lwoffii isolate, and bla was found in a P. aeruginosa isolate. Based on the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoint criteria, minimum inhibitory concentrations values showed that all bacteria, except for staphylococci, were susceptible to current ophthalmic antibiotics. More than 50% of staphylococci were resistant to all generations of fluoroquinolones and fusidic acid. Chloramphenicol was highly active against staphylococci (81.3% susceptible). The width (P=0.02) and the depth (P=0.04) of ulcers predicted greater risk of yielding resistant bacteria. The identification of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria prompts practitioners to be prudent when choosing ophthalmic antibiotics for severe corneal ulcers.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Colony Count, Microbial; Corneal Ulcer; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Female; Fungi; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Thailand
PubMed: 29925698
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0045 -
African Health Sciences Sep 2019(AB) is increasingly becoming a clinically relevant organism due to the rising number of associated nosocomial infections. The therapeutic options are extremely minimal...
BACKGROUND
(AB) is increasingly becoming a clinically relevant organism due to the rising number of associated nosocomial infections. The therapeutic options are extremely minimal because of its ability to develop resistance to all available antimicrobials, including colistin (CST). Data on the clinical and microbiological characteristics of colistin-resistant infections remain scarce to date.
METHODS
In this prospective study, clinical isolates of colistin resistance among strain was evaluated from the database of Microbiology Laboratory of King Khalid University Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
RESULTS
In a total of 142 patients with 136 isolates, was the predominant serotype 73% of the isolates and constituted 27% of the isolate . There was 8.5% colistin resistant isolates with colistin E-test MIC >4. The clinical characteristics were determined for colistin resistant . All patients were critically ill and 64% of them were hositalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). All patients have been previously given antibiotics. Other associated clinical characteristics included; morbid obesity and sleeve gastrectomy (21 %), mechanical ventilation and central venous catheter (50%). High mortality rate was found(28%).
CONCLUSION
There is an increase of colistin resistance among clinical isolates of causing serious infections especially in critically ill patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Colistin; Critical Illness; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Prospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 32127810
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i3.13 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Jul 2015Lomefloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial extraocular disease. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of...
Lomefloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial extraocular disease. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of lomefloxacin eye drops for bacterial extraocular disease in horses. Lomefloxacin ophthalmic solution (0.3%) was instilled three times daily for 2-5 days in 65 horses diagnosed with bacterial extraocular disease based on clinical findings. Clinical observations and bacteriological examinations were performed at the start of treatment, 2 and 5 days after the start of treatment, and at the discontinuation or termination of treatment. Of the 65 horses, 64 were positive for bacteria, and 22 bacterial genera and 47 bacterial species were identified. The efficacy of lomefloxacin was evaluated in 63 horses; one horse with a negative culture and another with suspected bacterial contamination were excluded. Lomefloxacin was considered to be clinically effective in 54 horses. The major bacterial species identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus vitulinus, Enterobacter agglomerans, Flavimonas oryzihabitans and Staphylococcus sciuri, with a cumulative disappearance rate of 80% or more at the termination of instillation. Excluding one horse that did not undergo a bacteriological examination, the remaining 62 horses were assessed for bacteriological outcome. Full or partial bacterial clearance was detected in 95% or more of the 62 horses. One of the 65 horses reported adverse events that had no causal relation with the eye drops. Our results showed that lomefloxacin is safe and effective for the treatment of bacterial extraocular disease in horses.
Topics: Administration, Ophthalmic; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Ophthalmic Solutions; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25787926
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0507 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023This study investigated changes in the microbial compositions of crayfish tails during storage at 4 °C (for 0-12 days) as measured using high-throughput sequencing...
This study investigated changes in the microbial compositions of crayfish tails during storage at 4 °C (for 0-12 days) as measured using high-throughput sequencing (HTS). The specific spoilage organisms (SSOs) in the crayfish tails were isolated using culture-dependent cultivation methods, and they were identified by 16S rRNA and characterized for their enzymatic spoilage potentials (e.g., protease, lipase, phospholipase, and amylase). The spoilage abilities of the selected strains in the crayfish tails were assessed by inoculating them into real food. Moreover, the microbial growth and the volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) changes were monitored during the storage period. The results from the HTS showed that the dominant genus of shrimp tails evolved from (D0) to (D4) and, finally, to (D12) during storage. Seven bacterial species (, , and ) were screened from the spoiled shrimp tails by the culture-dependent method, among which had the strongest spoilage ability.
PubMed: 37628005
DOI: 10.3390/foods12163006