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Nutrients Aug 2018A meta-analysis can help inform the debate about the epidemiological evidence on dairy intake and development of acne. A systematic literature search of PubMed from... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
A meta-analysis can help inform the debate about the epidemiological evidence on dairy intake and development of acne. A systematic literature search of PubMed from inception to 11 December 2017 was performed to estimate the association of dairy intake and acne in children, adolescents, and young adults in observational studies. We estimated the pooled random effects odds ratio (OR) (95% CI), heterogeneity (²-statistics, -statistics), and publication bias. We included 14 studies ( = 78,529; 23,046 acne-cases/55,483 controls) aged 7⁻30 years. ORs for acne were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.15⁻1.36; 6.13 × 10) for any dairy, 1.22 (1.08⁻1.38; 1.62 × 10) for full-fat dairy, 1.28 (1.13⁻1.44; 8.23 × 10) for any milk, 1.22 (1.06⁻1.41; 6.66 × 10) for whole milk, 1.32 (1.16⁻1.52; 4.33 × 10) for low-fat/skim milk, 1.22 (1.00⁻1.50; 5.21 × 10) for cheese, and 1.36 (1.05⁻1.77; 2.21 × 10) for yogurt compared to no intake. ORs per frequency of any milk intake were 1.24 (0.95⁻1.62) by 2⁻6 glasses per week, 1.41 (1.05⁻1.90) by 1 glass per day, and 1.43 (1.09⁻1.88) by ≥2 glasses per day compared to intake less than weekly. Adjusted results were attenuated and compared unadjusted. There was publication bias ( 4.71 × 10), and heterogeneity in the meta-analyses were explained by dairy and study characteristics. In conclusion, any dairy, such as milk, yogurt, and cheese, was associated with an increased OR for acne in individuals aged 7⁻30 years. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneity and bias across studies.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Dairy Products; Female; Humans; Male; Portion Size; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 30096883
DOI: 10.3390/nu10081049 -
Cells Jun 2021The relationship between endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris has yet to be explored in the literature. Acne vulgaris is a chronic... (Review)
Review
The relationship between endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris has yet to be explored in the literature. Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit. The pathogenesis of acne involves several hormonal pathways, including androgens, insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1), estrogens, and corticosteroids. EDCs influence these pathways primarily through two mechanisms: altering endogenous hormone levels and interfering with hormone receptor function. This review article describes the mechanistic links between EDCs and the development of acne lesions. Highlighted is the contributory role of androgen receptor ligands, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and mono-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate (MEHP), via upregulation of lipogenic genes and resultant exacerbation of cholesterol synthesis. Additionally discussed is the protective role of phytoestrogen EDCs in counteracting androgen-induced sebocyte maturation through attenuation of PPARy transcriptional activity (i.e., resveratrol) and restoration of estrogen-regulated TGF-B expression in skin cells (i.e., genistein). Examination of the relationship between EDCs and acne vulgaris may inform adjunctive avenues of treatment such as limiting environmental exposures, and increasing low-glycemic, plant-rich foods in the diet. With a better understanding of the cumulative role that EDCs play in acne, clinicians can be better equipped to treat and ultimately improve the lives of their patients.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Endocrine Disruptors; Female; Humans; Phytoestrogens; Young Adult
PubMed: 34207527
DOI: 10.3390/cells10061439 -
Skin Therapy Letter Jan 2022The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial and involves inflammation, bacterial dysbiosis, and androgen stimulation. Existing systemic therapies target hormonal pathways...
The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial and involves inflammation, bacterial dysbiosis, and androgen stimulation. Existing systemic therapies target hormonal pathways to mitigate acne lesions; however, their use is limited to the female population and associated with systemic adverse effects. Clascoterone is the first topical therapy to target the hormonal pathogenesis of acne approved to treat acne vulgaris. In two identical phase 3 trials, clascoterone showed favorable efficacy over placebo in treating acne, with higher treatment success and a greater reduction in acne lesions. Large scale trials are required to assess the efficacy of clascoterone against its comparators and in combination with existing acne therapies; however, results from the current phase 3 trials support the therapeutic value of clascoterone, suggesting that this novel topical androgen inhibitor represents a valuable addition to the catalogue of acne therapy.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Topical; Cortodoxone; Female; Humans; Propionates; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35081302
DOI: No ID Found -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Dec 2022Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing public health problem worldwide. The interest of a focus on antimicrobial resistance in acne lies on the facts that acne... (Review)
Review
Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing public health problem worldwide. The interest of a focus on antimicrobial resistance in acne lies on the facts that acne vulgaris (acne) is the most common skin disease worldwide, that the bacterium (, formerly ) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of acne, while at the same time being part of the skin flora, and that antibiotics are commonly recommended for acne treatment. The overuse of topical and/or systemic antibiotics, the long treatment courses used for acne, and the availability of over-the-counter antibiotic preparations, have led to the worldwide emergence of resistant strains in acne patients. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological trends of antimicrobial resistance in acne, the need to avoid the perturbation of the skin microbiome caused by anti-acne antibiotics, and the clinical practice considerations related to the emergence of resistant strains in acne patients. In light of the increasing risk of antimicrobial resistance, raising concerns over the misuse of antibiotics, prescribing patterns can be a critical target for antibiotic stewardship efforts. Also, the selection of non-antibiotic therapies for acne, whenever possible, may offer significant advantages.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Acne Vulgaris; Skin; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 36568833
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology Sep 2023Acne is a common, chronic inflammatory condition affecting millions of people worldwide, with significant negative impact on quality of life and mental health. Acne is...
Acne is a common, chronic inflammatory condition affecting millions of people worldwide, with significant negative impact on quality of life and mental health. Acne is characterized by comedones, inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodulocystic lesions, with long-lasting sequelae including scarring and dyspigmentation, the latter of which is more common in skin of color. The four main pillars of acne pathophysiology include alteration of sebum production and concentration, hyperkeratinization of the follicular unit, Cutibacterium acnes strains, and an inflammatory immune response. Newer research has provided greater insight into these pathophysiologic categories. This greater understanding of acne pathogenesis has led to numerous new and emerging treatment modalities. These modalities include combinations of existing treatments, repurposing of existing agents historically used for other conditions, new topical treatments, novel antibiotics, topical and oral probiotics, and various procedural devices. This article will provide an overview of emerging treatments of acne and their link to our current and improved understanding of acne pathogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Acne Vulgaris; Skin; Administration, Topical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Inflammation
PubMed: 37328614
DOI: 10.1007/s40257-023-00789-1 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2017Acne vulgaris affects most people at some point in their lives. Due to unclear etiology, likely with multiple factors, targeted and low-risk treatments have yet to be... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Acne vulgaris affects most people at some point in their lives. Due to unclear etiology, likely with multiple factors, targeted and low-risk treatments have yet to be developed. In this review, we explore the multiple causes of acne and how plant-based foods and supplements can control these. The proposed causative factors include insulin resistance, sex hormone imbalances, inflammation and microbial dysbiosis. There is an emerging body of work on the human gut microbiome and how it mediates feedback between the foods we eat and our bodies. The gut microbiome is also an important mediator of inflammation in the gut and systemically. A low-glycemic load diet, one rich in plant fibers and low in processed foods, has been linked to an improvement in acne, possibly through gut changes or attenuation of insulin levels. Though there is much interest in the human microbiome, there is much more unknown, especially along the gut-skin axis. Collectively, the evidence suggests that approaches such as plant-based foods and supplements may be a viable alternative to the current first line standard of care for moderate acne, which typically includes antibiotics. Though patient compliance with major dietary changes is likely much lower than with medications, it is a treatment avenue that warrants further study and development.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Dietary Supplements; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Plants, Edible; Probiotics; Skin; Skin Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 28513546
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051070 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2022Isotretinoin (ISO) is an oral prescription-only retinoid, well known for its acne-treating effect. However, it affects a substantial number of human cell types, causing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Isotretinoin (ISO) is an oral prescription-only retinoid, well known for its acne-treating effect. However, it affects a substantial number of human cell types, causing a broad spectrum of adverse effects. The purpose of this study is to establish the isotretinoin therapy adverse events among human clinical trials and their prevalence. Two authors (J.K., J.L.) systematically performed the literature review and assessment from December 2021-February 2022. Three databases (PubMed, ClinicalTrials, and Cochrane Library) were searched using the following terms: "isotretinoin acne vulgaris" for published studies in English from 1980-2021. Finally, 25 randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and five open-label clinical trials provided 3274 acne vulgaris suffering patients. Isotretinoin therapy affects almost all of the systems in the human body, causing numerous adverse events. However, they mainly concern mild mucocutaneous conditions (severe cases are rare) and represent individual responses to a drug. In addition, all adverse events are reversible and can be avoided by specific preparations.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Oral; Humans; Isotretinoin
PubMed: 35682048
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116463 -
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Jun 2020The skin is a dynamic organ that continuously eliminates an infinite number of keratinized cells through physiological mechanism. Chemical peeling is a widely used... (Review)
Review
The skin is a dynamic organ that continuously eliminates an infinite number of keratinized cells through physiological mechanism. Chemical peeling is a widely used cosmetic procedure in medical practice. This technique consists of the application of one or more chemical ablative agents to the skin's surface in order to induce keratolysis or keratocoagulation. Exfoliation is followed by skin and epidermal regeneration from the adjacent epithelium and skin adnexa. Moreover, through an inflammatory reaction and the activation of the inflammation mediators, an increase in fibroblastic synthesis and in the production of new collagen and glycosaminoglycan fibers is induced. After the first treatment session, the appearance and the texture of the skin are significantly improved. Peeling agents may be divided into superficial (epidermis-papillary dermis), medium-depth (papillary to upper reticular dermis) and deep subtypes based on the depth of their penetration (mid-reticular dermis). Superficial peel is mainly used for dyschromia, acne, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma and actinic keratosis. Medium depth peel mainly treats solar keratosis or lentigines, pigmentary disorders and superficial scars. Skin photo-ageing, deep scars or wrinkles and precancerous skin lesions require a deep chemical peeling. The aim of this article is to review recent advances in chemical peel of melasma and acne.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Chemexfoliation; Cicatrix; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Keratolytic Agents; Melanosis; Skin Aging; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 31804050
DOI: 10.23736/S0392-0488.19.06425-3 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Mar 2017Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease whose psychosocial effects can greatly impair quality of life. Various scales are used to classify the severity of acne, and...
Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease whose psychosocial effects can greatly impair quality of life. Various scales are used to classify the severity of acne, and several treatment algorithms are currently applied: no consensus on a common scale or treatment guidelines has been reached. A group of Spanish experts therefore met to identify a scale the majority could accept as the most appropriate for classifying severity and treating accordingly. The group chose the following classifications: comedonal acne, mild or moderate papulopustular acne, severe papulopustular acne, moderate nodular acne, and nodular-cystic acne (or acne tending to leave scars). Consensus was reached on first- and second-choice treatments for each type and on maintenance treatment. The experts also issued specific recommendations on antibiotic use (starting with mild or moderate papulopustular acne), always in combination with retinoids and/or benzoyl peroxide. The use of isotretinoin (starting at severe papulopustular or moderate nodular acne) was also covered.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Algorithms; Androgens; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Benzoyl Peroxide; Child; Comorbidity; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Isotretinoin; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Propionibacterium acnes; Severity of Illness Index; Spain
PubMed: 27816123
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.10.001 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Sep 2019Acne should not be perceived as a self-limiting affliction of adolescence. Due to the growing problem of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, restrictive use of peroral and... (Review)
Review
Acne should not be perceived as a self-limiting affliction of adolescence. Due to the growing problem of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, restrictive use of peroral and topical antibiotics is recommended. There are a number of effective agents for topical treatment of mild to moderate acne. In cases of severe, therapy-resistant acne, treatment with peroral isotretinoin is recommended.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Algorithms; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Benzoyl Peroxide; Cicatrix; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Isotretinoin; Quality of Life
PubMed: 31502795
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0946