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Cancer Science Jun 2023Previous studies have shown that gastrointestinal microbiome is associated with the development of esophageal cancer, but the relationship and molecular mechanism...
Previous studies have shown that gastrointestinal microbiome is associated with the development of esophageal cancer, but the relationship and molecular mechanism between esophageal microbiota and the early development of esophageal cancer remain unclear. Here, we found that Lactobacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, Rikenellaceae-RC9-gut-group, Morganella, and Fusobacterium were more abundant in early-stage esophageal cancer (EEC) tissues compared with normal esophageal tissues. The abundance of bacteria such as Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Actinobacillus, and Neisseria in advanced esophageal cancer (AEC) was higher than that in EEC. Then, we further verified that Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) was enriched in EEC tissues and that its abundance increased with the progression of esophageal cancer by FISH and RT-PCR. Next, we demonstrated that Fn promoted the proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we confirmed that Fn promoted ESCC proliferation by upregulating the expression of interleukin (IL)-32/proteinase 3 (PRTN3) and then activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, Fn promoted the early development of ESCC by upregulating the expression of IL-32/PRTN3 and thereby activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of Fn in early esophageal cancer may contribute to the development of early screening markers to diagnose ESCC and provide new targets for treatment.
Topics: Humans; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Myeloblastin; Up-Regulation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Interleukins; Cell Proliferation; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 36919771
DOI: 10.1111/cas.15787 -
Veterinary Sciences Nov 2022The gut microbiome exerts important functions on host health maintenance, whereas excessive antibiotic use may cause gut flora dysfunction resulting in serious disease...
The gut microbiome exerts important functions on host health maintenance, whereas excessive antibiotic use may cause gut flora dysfunction resulting in serious disease and dysbiosis. Colistin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with serious resistance phenomena. However, it is unclear whether colistin alters the gastrointestinal tract microbiome in piglets. In this study, 16s rDNA-based metagenome analyses were used to assess the effects of colistin on the modification of the piglet microbiome in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, cecum, and feces. Both α- and β-diversity indices showed that colistin modified microbiome composition in these gastrointestinal areas. In addition, colistin influenced microbiome composition at the phylum and genus levels. At the species level, colistin upregulated , , , , and abundance, but downregulated , , , , , , and abundance in stomachs. Colistin-fed piglets showed an increased abundance of , , , and , but , , , , and abundance was decreased in the cecum. In feces, colistin promoted , , , , and abundance when compared with controls. Taken together, colistin modified the microbiome composition of gastrointestinal areas in piglets. This study provides new clinical rationalization strategies for colistin on the maintenance of animal gut balance and human public health.
PubMed: 36548827
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120666 -
Translational Animal Science Apr 2020Postweaning mortality is extremely complex with a multitude of noninfectious and infectious contributing factors. In the current review, our objective is to describe the... (Review)
Review
Postweaning mortality is extremely complex with a multitude of noninfectious and infectious contributing factors. In the current review, our objective is to describe the current state of knowledge regarding infectious causes of postweaning mortality, focusing on estimates of frequency and magnitude of effect where available. While infectious mortality is often categorized by physiologic body system affected, we believe the complex multifactorial nature is better understood by an alternative stratification dependent on intervention type. This category method subjectively combines disease pathogenesis knowledge, epidemiology, and economic consequences. These intervention categories included depopulation of affected cohorts of animals, elimination protocols using knowledge of immunity and epidemiology, or less aggressive interventions. The most aggressive approach to control infectious etiologies is through herd depopulation and repopulation. Historically, these protocols were successful for and swine dysentery among others. Additionally, this aggressive measure likely would be used to minimize disease spread if either a foreign animal disease was introduced or pseudorabies virus was reintroduced into domestic swine populations. Elimination practices have been successful for , porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, coronaviruses, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and porcine deltacoronavirus, swine influenza virus, nondysentery spp., and others. Porcine circovirus type 2 can have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality; however, it is often adequately controlled through immunization. Many other infectious etiologies present in swine production have not elicited these aggressive control measures. This may be because less aggressive control measures, such as vaccination, management, and therapeutics, are effective, their impact on mortality or productivity is not great enough to warrant, or there is inadequate understanding to employ control procedures efficaciously and efficiently. Since there are many infectious agents and noninfectious contributors, emphasis should continue to be placed on those infectious agents with the greatest impact to minimize postweaning mortality.
PubMed: 32705048
DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa052 -
Viruses Dec 2019and are two novel members of the family. These phages were isolated on cultures of the plant pathogen , known for its worldwide economic impact on potato crops....
and are two novel members of the family. These phages were isolated on cultures of the plant pathogen , known for its worldwide economic impact on potato crops. Transmission electron microscopy showed viral particles with double-layered icosahedral capsids, and frequent instances of protruding nanotubes harboring a collar-like structure. Mass-spectrometry confirmed the presence of lipids in the virion, and serial purification of colonies from turbid plaques and immunity testing revealed that both phages are temperate. and have linear dsDNA chromosomes (18,266 bp and 18,251 bp long, respectively) with the characteristic two-segment architecture of the . Both genomes encode homologs of the canonical tectiviral proteins (major capsid protein, packaging ATPase and DNA polymerase), as well as PRD1-type virion-associated transglycosylase and membrane DNA delivery proteins. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses firmly establish that these two phages, together with , form a new genus within the , which we have tentatively named . The identification of a cohesive clade of Actinobacteria-infecting tectiviruses with conserved genome structure but with scant sequence similarity to members of other tectiviral genera confirms that the are an ancient lineage infecting a broad range of bacterial hosts.
Topics: Actinobacillus; Bacteriolysis; Computational Biology; DNA, Viral; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Host Specificity; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Phylogeny; Streptomyces; Tectiviridae
PubMed: 31817897
DOI: 10.3390/v11121134 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Mar 2016The pore-forming cytolysins of the RTX-toxin (Repeats in ToXin) family are a relatively small fraction of a steadily increasing family of proteins that contain several... (Review)
Review
The pore-forming cytolysins of the RTX-toxin (Repeats in ToXin) family are a relatively small fraction of a steadily increasing family of proteins that contain several functionally important glycine-rich and aspartate containing nonapeptide repeats. These cytolysins produced by a variety of Gram-negative bacteria form ion-permeable channels in erythrocytes and other eukaryotic cells. Hemolytic and cytolytic RTX-toxins represent pathogenicity factors of the toxin-producing bacteria and are very often important key factors in pathogenesis of the bacteria. Channel formation by RTX-toxins lead to the dissipation of ionic gradients and membrane potential across the cytoplasmic membrane of target cells, which results in cell death. Here we discuss channel formation and channel properties of some of the best known RTX-toxins, such as α-hemolysin (HlyA) of Escherichia coli and the uropathogenic EHEC strains, the adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT, CyaA) of Bordetella pertussis and the RTX-toxins (ApxI, ApxII and ApxIII) produced by different strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. The channels formed by these RTX-toxins in lipid bilayers share some common properties such as cation selectivity and voltage-dependence. Furthermore the channels are transient and show frequent switching between different ion-conducting states. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Pore-Forming Toxins edited by Mauro Dalla Serra and Franco Gambale.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Toxins; Cell Membrane; Humans; Ion Channel Gating; Ion Channels; Lipid Bilayers; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
PubMed: 26523409
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.10.025 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021Endometritis is the main cause of decreased reproductive performance of sows, while one of the most important factors in the etiology of sow endometritis is an...
Endometritis is the main cause of decreased reproductive performance of sows, while one of the most important factors in the etiology of sow endometritis is an aberration of birth canal microbiota. Therefore, people began to pay attention to the microbiota structure and composition of the birth canal of sows with endometritis. Interestingly, we found that the risk of endometritis was increased in the sows with constipation in clinical practice, which may imply that the intestinal flora is related to the occurrence of endometritis. Therefore, understanding the relationship between birth canal microbiota and intestinal microbiota of the host has become exceptionally crucial. In this study, the microbiota of birth canal secretions and fresh feces of four healthy and four endometritis sows were analyzed via sequencing the V3 + V4 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal (rDNA) gene. The results showed a significant difference between endometritis and healthy sows birth canal flora in composition and abundance. Firmicutes (74.36%) and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla in birth canal microbiota of healthy sows. However, the majority of beneficial bacteria that belonging to Firmicutes phylum (e.g., and ) declined in endometritis sow. The abundance of , and increased significantly in the birth canal microbiota of endometritis sows. and were the common genera in the birth canal and intestinal flora of endometritis sows. The abundance of and in the intestines of sows suffering from endometritis were significantly increased than the intestinal microbiota of the healthy sows. We speculated that some intestinal bacteria (such as and ) might be bound up with the onset of sow endometritis based on intestinal microbiota analysis in sows with endometritis and healthy sows. The above results can supply a theoretical basis to research the pathogenesis of endometritis and help others understand the relationship with the microbiota of sow's birth canal and gut.
PubMed: 34222396
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.663956 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Jul 2020Two isolates from clinical cases of porcine pleuropneumonia in Japan were positive in the capsular serovar 15-specific PCR assay, but nontypeable (NT) in the agar gel...
Two isolates from clinical cases of porcine pleuropneumonia in Japan were positive in the capsular serovar 15-specific PCR assay, but nontypeable (NT) in the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test. Nucleotide sequence analysis of gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and lipopolysaccharide O-polysaccharide (O-PS) revealed that both clusters contained transposable element IS of belonging to the IS30 family. Immunoblot analysis revealed that these 2 isolates could not produce O-PS. We conclude that the IS of can interfere in the biosynthesis of both CPS and O-PS.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animals; DNA Transposable Elements; Genes, Bacterial; Immunoblotting; Multigene Family; Pleuropneumonia; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polysaccharides; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 32517629
DOI: 10.1177/1040638720931469 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Gastric microbiota may be involved in gastric cancer. The relationship between gastrointestinal microbes and the risk of gastric cancer is unclear. This study aimed to...
BACKGROUND
Gastric microbiota may be involved in gastric cancer. The relationship between gastrointestinal microbes and the risk of gastric cancer is unclear. This study aimed to explore the gastric and intestinal bacteria associated with gastritis and gastric precancerous lesions. We conducted a case-control study by performing 16S rRNA gene analysis of gastric biopsies, juices, and stool samples from 148 cases with gastritis or gastric precancerous lesions from Anhui and neighboring provinces, China. And we validated our findings in public datasets.
RESULTS
Analysis of microbial sequences revealed decreased bacterial alpha diversity in gastric bacteria during the progression of gastritis. was the main contributor to the decreased microbial composition and diversity in the gastric mucosa and had little influence on the microbiota of gastric juice and feces. The gastric mucosal genera , , and had the higher degree of centrality across the progression of gastric precancerous lesions. And may contribute to the occurrence of intraepithelial neoplasia. In addition, the microbial model of -positive gastric biopsies and feces showed value in the prediction of gastric precancerous lesions.
CONCLUSIONS
This study identified associations between gastric precancerous lesions and gastric microbiota, as well as the changes in intestinal microbiota, and explored their values in the prediction of gastric precancerous lesions.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Precancerous Conditions; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 34956928
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.749207 -
Porcine Health Management 2020Over the last two decades, the pig population in Africa has grown rapidly, reflecting the increased adoption of pig production as an important economic activity. Of all... (Review)
Review
Over the last two decades, the pig population in Africa has grown rapidly, reflecting the increased adoption of pig production as an important economic activity. Of all species, pigs are likely to constitute a greater share of the growth in the livestock subsector. However, constraints such as respiratory infectious diseases cause significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Compared to industrialized countries, the occurrence and impacts of respiratory diseases on pig production in Africa is under-documented. Hence, knowledge on prevalence and incidence of economically important swine respiratory pathogens in pigs in Africa is necessary to guide interventions for prevention and control. The purpose of this review was to document the current status of research on five important respiratory pathogens of swine in Africa to inform future research and interventions. The pathogens included were porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PPRSv), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), (APP and swine influenza A viruses (IAV). For this review, published articles were obtained using Harzing's software tool from GoogleScholar. Articles were also sourced from PubMed, ScienceDirect, FAO and OIE websites. The terms used for the search were Africa, swine or porcine, respiratory pathogens, , PCV2, PPRSv, IAV, prevention and control. In all, 146 articles found were considered relevant, and upon further screening, only 85 articles were retained for the review. The search was limited to studies published from 2000 to 2019. Of all the studies that documented occurrence of the five respiratory pathogens, most were on IAV (48.4%, = 15), followed by PCV2 (25.8%, = 8), PPRSv (19.4%, = 6), while only one study (3.2%, = 1) reported and . This review highlights knowledge and information gaps on epidemiologic aspects as well as economic impacts of the various pathogens reported in swine in Africa, which calls for further studies.
PubMed: 32257367
DOI: 10.1186/s40813-020-0144-7 -
ACS Chemical Biology Jan 2021Processivity is an important feature of enzyme families such as DNA polymerases, polysaccharide synthases, and protein kinases, to ensure high fidelity in biopolymer...
Processivity is an important feature of enzyme families such as DNA polymerases, polysaccharide synthases, and protein kinases, to ensure high fidelity in biopolymer synthesis and modification. Here, we reveal processive character in the family of cytoplasmic protein -glycosyltransferases (NGTs). Through various activity assays, intact protein mass spectrometry, and proteomics analysis, we established that NGTs from nontypeable and modify an adhesin protein fragment in a semiprocessive manner. Molecular modeling studies suggest that the processivity arises from the shallow substrate binding groove in NGT, which promotes the sliding of the adhesin over the surface to allow further glycosylations without temporary dissociation. We hypothesize that the processive character of these bacterial protein glycosyltransferases is the mechanism to ensure multisite glycosylation of adhesins , thereby creating the densely glycosylated proteins necessary for bacterial self-aggregation and adherence to human cells, as a first step toward infection.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Glycosylation; Glycosyltransferases
PubMed: 33401908
DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00848