-
Biomolecules Jan 2021The discovery and development of actinomycete secondary metabolites (ASMs) have played pivotal roles in the fields of human medicine and its related biotechnology...
The discovery and development of actinomycete secondary metabolites (ASMs) have played pivotal roles in the fields of human medicine and its related biotechnology sectors over the past several decades [...].
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Biological Products; Biotechnology; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Drug Discovery; Humans; Multigene Family; Streptomyces
PubMed: 33494267
DOI: 10.3390/biom11020134 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Apr 2015Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel Actinomyces species have been... (Review)
Review
Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel Actinomyces species have been described. Their detection and identification in clinical microbiology laboratories and recognition as pathogens in clinical settings can be challenging. With the introduction of advanced molecular methods, knowledge about their clinical relevance is gradually increasing, and the spectrum of diseases associated with Actinomyces and Actinomyces-like organisms is widening accordingly; for example, Actinomyces meyeri, Actinomyces neuii, and Actinomyces turicensis as well as Actinotignum (formerly Actinobaculum) schaalii are emerging as important causes of specific infections at various body sites. In the present review, we have gathered this information to provide a comprehensive and microbiologically consistent overview of the significance of Actinomyces and some closely related taxa in human infections.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Classification; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 25788515
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00100-14 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Apr 2023Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by the bacterial species actinomyces. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary actinomycosis to... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by the bacterial species actinomyces. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary actinomycosis to improve awareness and knowledge. The literature was analysed using databases including Pubmed, Medline and Embase from 1974 to 2021. After inclusion and exclusion, a total of 142 papers were reviewed. Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease occurring in approximately 1 per 3,000,000 people annually. Historically, pulmonary actinomycosis was a common infection with high mortality; however, the infection has become rarer since the widespread use of penicillins. Actinomycosis is known as "the great masquerade"; however, it can be differentiated from other diseases with acid-fast negative ray-like bacilli and sulphur granules being pathognomonic. Complications of the infection include empyema, endocarditis, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and sepsis. The mainstay of treatment is prolonged antibiotic therapy, with adjuvant surgery in severe cases. Future research should focus on multiple areas, including the potential risk secondary to immunosuppression from newer immunotherapies, the utility of newer diagnostic techniques and ongoing surveillance post-therapy.
Topics: Humans; Actinomycosis; Actinomyces; Lung Diseases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Penicillins
PubMed: 36801629
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.004 -
Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical... Jul 2020is a gram-positive anaerobe that colonizes the human oral cavity. Its pathogenesis involves the disruption of the mucosal membrane, leading to suppuration and...
is a gram-positive anaerobe that colonizes the human oral cavity. Its pathogenesis involves the disruption of the mucosal membrane, leading to suppuration and subsequent abscess formation, most commonly in the cervicofacial region. The bacteria form masses consisting of aggregates of branching, filamentous bacilli. They typically spread by direct tissue invasion and less commonly through hematogenous spread. Lymphatic spread is extremely uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, only two cases have been reported with lymph node involvement. Clinically, lymphadenopathy associated with may be misinterpreted as malignancy, causing unnecessary surgical interventions when only antibiotics are warranted. This case highlights the importance of properly diagnosing a rare phenomenon of lymphadenitis.
PubMed: 32675981
DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2020.1744792 -
GE Portuguese Journal of... 2015Actinomycosis is a rare disorder caused by an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus (), predominantly by the species. Only 20% of cases show an abdominal manifestation, the...
Actinomycosis is a rare disorder caused by an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus (), predominantly by the species. Only 20% of cases show an abdominal manifestation, the appendix and ileocecal valve being the most frequent locations. Definitive diagnosis is based on microbiological cultures, microscopy or macroscopy examination. Nevertheless, histological examination of the percutaneous biopsy and blood microbiological cultures are rarely positives. Preoperative diagnosis is hampered by the lack of specific clinical and imaging manifestations, which often mimic malignancy. The rate of preoperative diagnosis is less than 10%, however, the outcome is excellent, with a low mortality rate. The authors describe the case of a patient who was diagnosed with primary hepatic actinomycosis only by a histological examination of the surgical specimen of left hepatectomy extended to segments V and VIII, for suspected malignant lesion. This case demonstrates the difficulties in diagnosing hepatic actinomycosis.
PubMed: 28868364
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpge.2014.08.002 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal May 2022
PubMed: 35575187
DOI: 10.1177/01455613221103078 -
Histopathology Oct 2019Appendicitis with a Crohn's-like histological appearance generally raises concern for Crohn's disease, Yersinia infection, and interval appendectomy. Actinomyces...
AIMS
Appendicitis with a Crohn's-like histological appearance generally raises concern for Crohn's disease, Yersinia infection, and interval appendectomy. Actinomyces infection is a recognised cause of chronic appendicitis that can histologically mimic Crohn's disease.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We report on 20 cases of appendicitis with Crohn's-like histological features that were due to Actinomyces. Most patients presented with acute or chronic abdominal pain. Imaging studies suggested a mass in five cases. Two patients had interval appendectomy. Histological features showed Crohn's-like appendicitis in 16 cases, with moderate to marked fibrosis and granulomas in seven cases. The other four cases had less consistent histological findings. None of the patients developed Crohn's disease during the follow-up interval (median, 37 months).
CONCLUSIONS
Actinomyces can be associated with Crohn's-like appendicitis with marked fibrosis, transmural inflammation, lymphoid hyperplasia, and granulomas.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Adult; Aged; Appendicitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Granuloma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 31155731
DOI: 10.1111/his.13929 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Actinomycetes inhabit both terrestrial and marine ecosystems and are highly proficient in producing a wide range of natural products with diverse biological functions,... (Review)
Review
Actinomycetes inhabit both terrestrial and marine ecosystems and are highly proficient in producing a wide range of natural products with diverse biological functions, including antitumor, immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities. In this review, we delve into the life cycle, ecology, taxonomy, and classification of actinomycetes, as well as their varied bioactive metabolites recently discovered between 2015 and 2023. Additionally, we explore promising strategies to unveil and investigate new bioactive metabolites, encompassing genome mining, activation of silent genes through signal molecules, and co-cultivation approaches. By presenting this comprehensive and up-to-date review, we hope to offer a potential solution to uncover novel bioactive compounds with essential activities.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Ecosystem; Anti-Infective Agents; Biological Products
PubMed: 37570885
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155915 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023α-Glucosidase (AGS) inhibitors have been regarded as an ideal target for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) since they can maintain an acceptable blood...
α-Glucosidase (AGS) inhibitors have been regarded as an ideal target for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) since they can maintain an acceptable blood glucose level by delaying the digestion of carbohydrates and diminishing the absorption of monosaccharides. In the process of our endeavor in mining AGS inhibitors from natural sources, the culture broth of two mangrove-derived actinomycetes sp. WHUA03267 and sp. WHUA03072 exhibited an apparent inhibitory activity against AGS. A subsequent chemical investigation into the two extracts furnished 28 secondary metabolites that were identified by spectroscopic methods as two previously undescribed linear polyketides -, four benzenoid ansamycins -, fourteen cyclodipeptides -, one prenylated indole derivative , two fusicoccane-type diterpenoids -, two hydroxamate siderophore -, and five others -. Among all of the isolates, and were obtained from actinomycetes for the first time, while - had never been reported to occur in a marine-derived microorganism previously. In the in vitro AGS inhibitory assay, compounds , , , , , , and exhibited potent to moderate activity with IC values ranging from 35.76 ± 0.40 to 164.5 ± 15.5 μM, as compared with acarbose (IC = 422.3 ± 8.4 μM). The AGS inhibitory activity of , , , , and was reported for the first time. In particular, autolytimycin () represented the first ansamycin derivative reported to possess the AGS inhibitory activity. Kinetics analysis and molecular docking were performed to determine the inhibition types and binding modes of these inhibitors, respectively. In the MTT assay, , , , , , , and exhibited no apparent cytotoxicity to the human normal hepatocyte (LO2) cells, suggesting satisfactory safety of these AGS inhibitors.
Topics: Humans; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Actinobacteria; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Actinomyces; Molecular Docking Simulation; Streptomyces; alpha-Glucosidases; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 37175232
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093822