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Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2020Actinomyces is a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that generally inhabits the human commensal flora of the bronchial system, the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract....
Actinomyces is a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that generally inhabits the human commensal flora of the bronchial system, the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract. In the rare case of becoming invasive under certain circumstances, the resulting Actinomycosis affects most commonly cervicofacial, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic regions. Due to its rarity and presenting with nonspecific clinical symptoms, thoracic and/or abdominal Actinomycosis in particular are highly intriguing clinical conditions that can easily be mistaken for other diseases including malignancies. Astute considerations are therefore necessary whenever we are challenged diagnostically to allow early diagnosis and thus avoiding gratuitous invasive surgery. In order to highlight different issues of this ultimate chronic disease we report a particular case of thoracoabdominal Actinomycosis.
PubMed: 33251103
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101281 -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2019is a gram-positive amorphous bacillus and was discovered in the Russian space station 'Mir' in 1997. It shows phylogenetic similarity to , and as determined using...
is a gram-positive amorphous bacillus and was discovered in the Russian space station 'Mir' in 1997. It shows phylogenetic similarity to , and as determined using 16 s ribosomal RNA gene analysis is classified as a bacteria of the genus It was found to colonise in the human oral cavity, and there are some infectious reports but none specifies gynaecological infection. A 57-year-old woman, who had been continuously using intrauterine contraceptive device, presented with fever and lower abdominal pain. She was suspected tube-ovarian abscess caused by , but the uterine cavity culture revealed infection. Considering surgical treatment, conservative treatment by intravenous benzylpenicillin and subsequently oral ampicillin for 6 months improved the abscess, and she has no recurrence for over 1 year.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Abscess; Actinomyces; Administration, Intravenous; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Fever; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Micrococcaceae; Middle Aged; Ovarian Diseases; Penicillin G; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31466967
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-229017 -
IDCases 2021We report the case of a man with intense cough for several months and a few days of severe dyspnea. A massive pleural empyema due to was diagnosed by radiological,...
We report the case of a man with intense cough for several months and a few days of severe dyspnea. A massive pleural empyema due to was diagnosed by radiological, microbiological and thoracoscopic means. Pleural infections caused by this anaerobic bacterium are very rare and should be considered when risk factors like male gender, chronic alcohol abuse, and poor oral hygiene are present. Penicillin-based antibiotic treatment and surgical decortication led to recovery.
PubMed: 34584845
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01278 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2016Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) represents a complication of bisphosphonate treatment that responds poorly to standard treatment. In a retrospective...
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) represents a complication of bisphosphonate treatment that responds poorly to standard treatment. In a retrospective cohort study we investigated a possible role of Actinomyces spp. in the pathogenesis of MRONJ. Deep biopsies of necrotic bone were collected during surgical treatment of MRONJ and evaluated by histology and microbiology for the presence of Actinomyces spp. Microbiological, demographic and clinicpathological data were analyzed for risk of Actinomyces-associated MRONJ. Between 2005 and 2014, 111 patients suffering from histologically-confirmed MRONJ were identified. Actinomyces spp. were detected in 99 cases (89%) by histology and in six further patients by microbiological culture. A diverse microbial flora was found in all specimens without association with Actinomyces spp. Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics did not separate significantly Actinomyces-positive from Actinomyces-negative cases. Our observations confirm previous reports of a high prevalence of Actinomyces spp. in MRONJ in the single largest cohort available up to now. The high prevalence of Actinomyces spp. and the lack of clinicopathological risk factors underline the prominent role of Actinomyces spp. in MRONJ and may change the current understanding of MRONJ. Established prolonged antimicrobial treatment regimens against Actinomyces spp. infection could therefore be a mainstay of future MRONJ management.
Topics: Actinomyces; Aged; Diphosphonates; Female; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Osteonecrosis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 27530150
DOI: 10.1038/srep31604 -
New Microbes and New Infections Sep 2018The taxonogenomic approach, including the culturomics techniques, is now currently used to isolate and characterize new bacteria. These approaches notably allowed us to...
The taxonogenomic approach, including the culturomics techniques, is now currently used to isolate and characterize new bacteria. These approaches notably allowed us to discover six new species of the genus: strain SD1, strain Marseille-P2825, strain Marseille-P2225, strain Marseille-P2818, strain Marseille-P3257 and strain Marseille-P3109. Each is the type strain of the corresponding bacterial species. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence comparison was used to classify these strains among the genus. These strains are all Gram positive, rod shaped and facultative aerobic. We describe the main characteristics of each bacterium and present their complete genome sequence and annotation.
PubMed: 29992027
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.06.004 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Nov 2022Actinomycosis is an infrequent infectious disease caused by species. Actinomycoses in the nasopharynx are extremely rare, especially in the Rosenmüller's fossa. This...
Actinomycosis is an infrequent infectious disease caused by species. Actinomycoses in the nasopharynx are extremely rare, especially in the Rosenmüller's fossa. This report presents a case of actinomycosis in the Rosenmüller's fossa. A 75-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of bloody sputum. A grayish-white caseous tissue was found in the right Rosenmüller's fossa after retracting the torus tubarius. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-defined lesion with low-signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images; small low-signal areas were interspersed inside. The lesion was removed under an endoscope. Histopathological examination revealed eosinophilic, club-shaped structures surrounding a hematoxylophilic center, leading to the diagnosis of actinomycosis. The symptoms improved after 3 months of amoxicillin administration but recurred quickly. After 6 months of amoxicillin administration, the bloody sputum disappeared, and local and imaging findings were normal.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Aged; Amoxicillin; Female; Hemoptysis; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 33236645
DOI: 10.1177/0145561320974850 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024During the life activities of microorganisms, a variety of secondary metabolites are produced, including antimicrobials and antitumor drugs, which are widely used in... (Review)
Review
During the life activities of microorganisms, a variety of secondary metabolites are produced, including antimicrobials and antitumor drugs, which are widely used in clinical practice. In addition to exploring new antibiotics, this makes it one of the research priorities of to effectively increase the yield of antibiotics in production strains by various means. Most antibiotic-producing strains have a variety of functional regulatory factors that regulate their growth, development, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis processes. Through the study of precursor substances in antibiotic biosynthesis, researchers have revealed the precursor biosynthesis process and the mechanism by which precursor synthesis regulators affect the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which can be used to obtain engineered strains with high antibiotic production. This paper summarizes the supply of antibiotic biosynthesis precursors and the progress of research on the role of regulators in the process of precursors in biosynthesis. This lays the foundation for the establishment of effective breeding methods to improve antibiotic yields through the manipulation of precursor synthesis genes and related regulators.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Secondary Metabolism
PubMed: 38474644
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051132 -
Archives of Microbiology Aug 2022This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potentials of the marine actinomycetes spp. isolated from the Red Sea water, Hurghada,...
This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potentials of the marine actinomycetes spp. isolated from the Red Sea water, Hurghada, Egypt. Out of 80 actinomycetes isolates, one isolate AW6 was selected based on its antioxidant activity (IC about 5.24 µg/mL which scavenged 91% of formed DPPH free radicals) and antimicrobial potential against E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa, A. niger, and C. albicans. The strain was identified based on phenotypic and genotypic analysis, and deposited in the GenBank with accession number OK090864.1. Cultivation of the selected strain on rice, chromatographic purification, and structural elucidation led to the isolation of two compounds C1: umbelliferone, and C2: 1-methoxy-3-methyl-8-hydroxy-anthraquinone. The antimicrobial activity of the obtained compounds showed that C1 and C2 have low antibacterial activity toward S. aureus and E. coli with no pronounced activity toward P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and A. niger. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of C1 and C2 revealed that C2 has a good antioxidant activity, with DPPH scavenging activity reaching (55.25%), followed by C1 (30.20%). Moreover, both compounds displayed anti-Gyr-B enzyme activity with IC value of (3.79 ± 0.21 µM) for C1, and (IC = 13 ± 0.71 µM) for C2. The ADME-related physicochemical properties of the obtained compound were predicted using SwissADME web tools and the ProToxii webserver was used to estimate in silico toxicity.
Topics: Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antioxidants; Candida albicans; Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 35913539
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03092-5 -
Systematic and Applied Microbiology Oct 2016Two bacterial strains, Am4 and G10 were isolated from rumen fluid of different ruminants: cow (Holstein-Friesian) and sheep (Slovenskè merino), respectively. They were...
Two bacterial strains, Am4 and G10 were isolated from rumen fluid of different ruminants: cow (Holstein-Friesian) and sheep (Slovenskè merino), respectively. They were isolated from different hosts and regions, but showed 99.2% similarity of the 16S rRNA genes. Both strains are versatile and ferment various sugars to mainly succinate and lactate and small amounts of acetate and formate. The 16S rRNA sequences of Am4 and G10 revealed that they belonged to the genus Actinomyces, and are related to Actinomyces ruminicola JCM 13352 with 97.0% and 97.4% similarity, respectively. DDH showed strain Am4 and G10 had only 55.8 and 43.3% similarity with the Actinomyces ruminicola JCM 13352, and had 69.9% similarity among each other. Comparing strain Am4 and G10, gANI value and dDDH were 92.9% and 68.6%, respectively. Additionally, AAI between the strains was 95.8%. MLSA of housekeeping genes showed difference of metG and pheS. The G+C% contents of strain Am4 and G10 were 69.8% and 68.5%, respectively. MK-10(H) was the principal quinone for strain Am4 (82%) and G10 (91%) with small amounts of MK-10(H) and MK-10(H) for both strains. Only MK-9(H) was detected in strain Am4. MALDI-TOF analysis of protein profiles also revealed that Am4 and G10 are different from each other and from Actinomyces ruminicola JCM 13352. Based on phylogenetic and physiological characteristics, together with genome comparison and MLSA we propose two novel species in the genus Actinomyces: Actinomyces succiniciruminis sp. nov. (type strain Am4=TISTR 2317=DSM 10376) and Actinomyces glycerinitolerans sp. nov. (type strain G10=TISTR 2318=DSM 10377).
Topics: Actinomyces; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Cattle; Cell Wall; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Female; Genes, Essential; Glycerol; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rumen; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Sheep; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Succinic Acid
PubMed: 27613227
DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2016.08.001 -
Microorganisms Dec 2023Actinomycosis represents a challenging and under-reported complication of vascular surgery. Optimal management of spp. prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Actinomycosis represents a challenging and under-reported complication of vascular surgery. Optimal management of spp. prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is highly uncertain because of the paucity of reports on this disease.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective case-series of -PVGI that occurred in the last five years in two major university hospitals in northern Italy. We searched for previously published cases in the scientific literature.
RESULTS
We report five original cases of spp. prosthetic vascular graft infection following aortic aneurysm repair. Our literature review retrieved eight similar cases. Most patients were immunocompetent males. Most infections were polymicrobial (11/13 cases), with a prevalence of involvement (3/13 cases were associated with. spp. infection). All cases had a late presentation (≥4 months from graft placement), with 61% associated with an aorto-enteric fistula. All patients received antibiotic therapy, but the duration was highly heterogeneous (from two weeks to life-long antibiotics). The patients without surgical revision experienced septic recurrences (2/13), permanent dysfunction (1/13), or a fatal outcome (2/13), while of the remainder who underwent vascular graft explant, six recovered completely and one developed a periprosthetic abscess. In two cases follow-up was not available.
CONCLUSIONS
This case-series aims to raise the diagnostic suspicion and to describe the current management of -PVGIs. We highlight a high heterogeneity in antibiotic duration, choice of the antibiotic regimen, and surgical management. Higher reporting rate is advisable to produce better evidence and optimize management of this rare complication of vascular surgery.
PubMed: 38138076
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122931