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Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2020Actinomycosis is a chronic, suppurative, granulomatous infectious disease, caused by different species of bacteria. To date, 26 validly published species have been... (Review)
Review
Actinomycosis is a chronic, suppurative, granulomatous infectious disease, caused by different species of bacteria. To date, 26 validly published species have been described as part of a normal human microbiota or from human clinical specimens. Due to the rapid spread of new, modern diagnostic procedures, 13 of 26 of these species have been described in this century and the family has undergone several taxonomic revisions, including the introduction of many novel species termed -like organisms (ALOs). There is scarce data available on the role of these novel bacterial species in various infectious processes in human medicine. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of and closely related organisms involved in human diseases-with a special focus on newly described species-in particular their role in genitourinary tract infections in females and males.
PubMed: 32824418
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080524 -
New Microbes and New Infections Jun 2024
Expression of Concern: Actinomyces ihuae, Actinomyces bouchesdurhonensis, Actinomyces urinae, Actinomyces marseillensis, Actinomyces mediterranea and Actinomyces oralis sp. nov. identified by culturomics.
PubMed: 38799873
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101247 -
Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical... Apr 2021spp. are filamentous gram-positive bacilli found in humans as a common flora of the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract. Actinobacteria are...
spp. are filamentous gram-positive bacilli found in humans as a common flora of the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract. Actinobacteria are normally present in the gums and are a common cause of infection in dental procedures and oral abscesses. To date, no cases of causing meningitis and cervical abscess have been reported in online databases. Therefore, we report the first case of meningitis and recurrent cervical abscess due to translocation from the oral cavity.
PubMed: 34219934
DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2021.1907079 -
BMC Microbiology Mar 2022Actinomycetes are important microbes, and they are very important for developing active substances for useful drugs. Actinomycetes are numerous inhabitants, and they are...
BACKGROUND
Actinomycetes are important microbes, and they are very important for developing active substances for useful drugs. Actinomycetes are numerous inhabitants, and they are widely distributed in the nest of fungus-growing termites. Previously, we isolated and purified numerous actinomycetes from the combs of Odontotermes formosanus and obtained a variety of valuable natural products.
RESULTS
Here, we isolated and purified actinomycetes from fungus-growing termite Odontotermes formosanus using medium-based cultures. Among the eight media tested, M7 and I-HV media were found suitable for isolating actinomycetes. Further, 84 actinomycetes, including 79 Streptomyces isolates, were isolated and purified from O. formosanus and its combs, which belong to four genera (Streptomyces, Kribbella, Amycolatopsis, and Cellulosimicrobium). Then, the type and quantity of actinomycetes were positively correlated with the activity range of termites. Twenty-two actinomycetes strains showed antimicrobial activities. Among them, the BYF18, BYF48, BYF70, and BYF106 strains exhibited antifungal activities against five pathogenic fungi, with zone of inhibition (ZOI) values ranging from 3 to 21 mm. Grincamycin N was isolated and purified from the metabolites of Streptomyces lannensis (BYF106), and it displayed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI = 13.82 ± 0.52 mm) and Micrococcus tetragenus (ZOI = 17.6 ± 0.5 mm) (gentamycin sulfate, as the positive control, had ZOI values of 19.9 ± 0.5 mm and 30.83 ± 0.75 mm, against S. aureus and M. tetragenus, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results confirmed that the actinomycetes associated with O. formosanus are important sources of new active substances.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Actinomycetales; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Cockroaches; Fungi; Isoptera; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 35337263
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02501-5 -
IDCases 2021Actinomycosis is the infection caused by bacilli; subtypes include cervicofacial, pulmonary, and abdominal/pelvic actinomycosis. Abdominal actinomycosis can mimic...
Actinomycosis is the infection caused by bacilli; subtypes include cervicofacial, pulmonary, and abdominal/pelvic actinomycosis. Abdominal actinomycosis can mimic intra-abdominal malignancies by causing manifestations like chronic lower abdominal pain, weight loss, and palpable mass(es). Treatment usually requires three to six months of high-dose penicillin G or amoxicillin. This report discusses an 88-year-old female who presented with chronic abdominal pain, weight loss, and other nonspecific symptoms without palpable abdominal mass. However, computed tomography (C.T.) imaging revealed multiple intra-abdominal soft tissue masses in the greater omentum, anterior abdominal wall, and small bowel mesentery. On biopsy, filamentous bacilli suspicious of was identified. The patient received prolonged antimicrobial treatment, underwent multiple CT-guided aspirations of recurrent abscesses, and had surgical intervention for sigmoid stricture. On subsequent imaging, the patient showed significant amelioration of omental and anterior abdominal wall masses. This case highlights the importance of prompt recognition and subsequent management of as an etiology of malignancy-like symptoms.
PubMed: 34430205
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01252 -
Radiology Case Reports Feb 2018Craniofacial osteomyelitis progression is rare, as patients are soon treated. A 56-year-old male smoker presented with sinusitis and was managed medically. This patient...
Craniofacial osteomyelitis progression is rare, as patients are soon treated. A 56-year-old male smoker presented with sinusitis and was managed medically. This patient failed to follow up and presented 1 year later with erosive bony disease. He was managed medically and surgically; however, his disease evolved to include his midface, skull base, and cranium. He underwent staged debridement and free tissue reconstruction. His disease is controlled but not cured. The literature includes case reports and small series describing limited disease treated successfully with surgical and medical management. Although craniofacial osteomyelitis is uncommon, it can become debilitating. This case demonstrates how craniofacial osteomyelitis can progress and highlights the benefit of a multidisciplinary approach.
PubMed: 29552249
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2017.10.018 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Nov 2023Cyclodipeptide (CDP) composed of two amino acids is the simplest cyclic peptide. These two amino acids form a typical diketopiperazine (DKP) ring by linking each other... (Review)
Review
Cyclodipeptide (CDP) composed of two amino acids is the simplest cyclic peptide. These two amino acids form a typical diketopiperazine (DKP) ring by linking each other with peptide bonds. This characteristic stable ring skeleton is the foundation of CDP to display extensive and excellent bioactivities, which is beneficial for CDPs' pharmaceutical research and development. The natural CDP products are well isolated from actinomycetes. These bacteria can synthesize DKP backbones with nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) or cyclodipeptide synthase (CDPS). Moreover, actinomycetes could produce a variety of CDPs through different enzymatic modification. The presence of these abundant and diversified catalysis indicates that actinomycetes are promising microbial resource for exploring CDPs. This review summarized the pathways for DKP backbones biosynthesis and their post-modification mechanism in actinomycetes. The aim of this review was to accelerate the genome mining of CDPs and their isolation, purification and structure identification, and to facilitate revealing the biosynthesis mechanism of novel CDPs as well as their synthetic biology design.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Biological Products; Bacteria; Diketopiperazines; Amino Acids
PubMed: 38013180
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230068 -
Molecular Oral Microbiology Oct 2022Oral microbiome sequencing efforts revealed the presence of hundreds of different microbes. Interindividual differences at strain and species resolution suggest that...
Oral microbiome sequencing efforts revealed the presence of hundreds of different microbes. Interindividual differences at strain and species resolution suggest that microbiome diversity could lead to mechanistically distinct gene regulation as well as species-related differences in phenotypes. Commonly, gene regulation and related phenotypes are studied in a few selected strains of a particular species with conclusions that are mostly generalized. The aim of this study was to isolate several species of Corynebacterium using an established protocol that led to the previous isolation of C. durum. Characterization of C. durum interspecies interactions revealed a specific mechanism for chain elongation in Streptococcus sanguinis that was the result of corynebacterial fatty acid production and secretion. While the protocol was successfully applied to isolate what we presumed to be additional Corynebacterium based on several phenotypic traits that seem to be identical to C. durum, genome sequencing of the newly isolated strains placed them closer to Actinomyces. Both Corynebacterium and Actinomyces are suborders of the Actinobacteridae and related species. Our study suggests to take several comprehensive strategies into consideration when taxonomically identifying closely related microorganisms. Furthermore, it seems to be important to test common core phenotypes in bacterial ecology to understand the behavior of specific groups of microbes, rather than simply relying upon genome sequence homology to establish relationships in the microbiome.
Topics: Actinomyces; Corynebacterium; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Microbiota; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Streptococcus sanguis
PubMed: 35859343
DOI: 10.1111/omi.12381 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2020Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection characterized by continuous local spread, irrespective of anatomical barriers, and granulomatous suppurative inflammation....
Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection characterized by continuous local spread, irrespective of anatomical barriers, and granulomatous suppurative inflammation. Due to its expansive local growth, it can simulate a malignant tumour. Subsequent hematogenous dissemination to distant organs can mimic metastases and further increase suspicion for malignancy. A case of severe disseminated pelvic actinomycosis associated with intrauterine device is described here. The patient presented with a pelvic mass mimicking a tumour, bilateral ureteral obstruction, ascites, multinodular involvement of the liver, lungs and spleen, inferior vena cava thrombosis and extreme cachexia. Actinomycosis was diagnosed by liver biopsy and confirmed by culture of from extracted intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). Prolonged treatment with aminopenicillin and surgery resulted in recovery with moderate sequelae.
PubMed: 33137889
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110748 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2016Dental caries (tooth decay) is an infectious disease. Its etiology is not fully understood from the microbiological perspective. This study characterizes the diversity...
Dental caries (tooth decay) is an infectious disease. Its etiology is not fully understood from the microbiological perspective. This study characterizes the diversity of microbial flora in the saliva of children with and without dental caries. Children (3-4 years old) with caries ( = 20) and without caries ( = 20) were recruited. Unstimulated saliva (2 mL) was collected from each child and the total microbial genomic DNA was extracted. DNA amplicons of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were generated and subjected to Illumina Miseq sequencing. A total of 17 phyla, 26 classes, 40 orders, 80 families, 151 genera, and 310 bacterial species were represented in the saliva samples. There was no significant difference in the microbiome diversity between caries-affected and caries-free children ( > 0.05). The relative abundance of several species (, , sp. , , and ) was higher in the caries-affected group than in the caries-free group ( < 0.05). and sp. were more abundant in caries-free children than in caries-affected children ( < 0.05). The salivary microbiome profiles of caries-free and caries-affected children were similar. Salivary counts of certain bacteria such as and may be useful for screening/assessing children's risk of developing caries.
Topics: Actinomyces; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Microbiota; Phylogeny; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans; Veillonella
PubMed: 27898021
DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121978