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The Canadian Journal of Infectious... 2016Background. Actinomyces neuii is a Gram-positive bacillus rarely implicated in human infections. However, its occurrence is being increasingly recognized with the use of... (Review)
Review
Background. Actinomyces neuii is a Gram-positive bacillus rarely implicated in human infections. However, its occurrence is being increasingly recognized with the use of improved identification systems. Objective. To analyse A. neuii infections in Alberta, Canada, and review the literature regarding this unusual pathogen. Methods. Cases of A. neuii were identified in 2013-2014 in Alberta. Samples were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. A predominant catalase positive Gram-positive coryneform bacillus with no branching was isolated in each case. Testing was initially done with API-CORYNE® (bioMérieux) and isolates were sent to the Provincial Laboratory for Public Health for further testing. Isolates' identities were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry microbial identification system (MALDI-TOF MS MIS; bioMérieux) and/or DNA sequencing. Results. Six cases of A. neuii infection were identified. All patients had soft tissue infections; typically, incision and drainage were done followed by a course of antibiotics. Agents used included cephalexin, ertapenem, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin. All had favourable outcomes. Conclusions. While A. neuii is infrequently recognized, it can cause a diverse array of infections. Increased use of MALDI-TOF MS MIS is leading to increased detection; thus, understanding the pathogenicity of this bacterium and its typical susceptibility profile will aid clinical decision-making.
PubMed: 27366175
DOI: 10.1155/2016/6017605 -
Cancer Research Communications Dec 2022The human oral microbiome is associated with chronic diseases including cancer. However, our understanding of its relationship with diet is limited. We assessed the...
The human oral microbiome is associated with chronic diseases including cancer. However, our understanding of its relationship with diet is limited. We assessed the associations between carbohydrate and glycemic index (GI) with oral microbiome composition in 834 non-diabetic subjects from the NCI-PLCO and ACS-CPSII cohorts. The oral microbiome was characterized using 16Sv3-4 rRNA-sequencing from oral mouthwash samples. Daily carbohydrate and GI were assessed from food frequency questionnaires. We used linear regression, permutational MANOVA, and negative binomial Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to test associations of diet with α- and β-diversity and taxon abundance (adjusting for age, sex, cohort, BMI, smoking, caloric intake, and alcohol). A q-value (FDR-adjusted P-value) of <0.05 was considered significant. Oral bacterial α-diversity trended higher in participants in the highest quintiles of carbohydrate intake, with marginally increased richness and Shannon diversity (p-trend=0.06 and 0.07). Greater carbohydrate intake was associated with greater abundance of class Fusobacteriia (q=0.02) and genus (q=0.01) and with lesser abundance of an Actinomyces OTU (q=4.7E-04). Higher GI was significantly related to greater abundance of genus Gemella (q=0.001). This large, nationwide study provides evidence that diets high in carbohydrates and GI may influence the oral microbiome.
Topics: Dietary Carbohydrates; Glycemic Index; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mouth; Cohort Studies; United States; Glycemic Load; Leptotrichia; Diet, Carbohydrate Loading; Surveys and Questionnaires; Actinomyces; Gemella; Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged
PubMed: 36567732
DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0323 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2016The studies of the distribution of Actinomyces spp. on carious and non-carious root surfaces have not been able to confirm the association of these bacteria with root...
BACKGROUND
The studies of the distribution of Actinomyces spp. on carious and non-carious root surfaces have not been able to confirm the association of these bacteria with root caries, although they were extensively implicated as a prime suspect in root caries.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to observe the gene expression of Actinomyces spp. in the microbiota of root surfaces with and without caries.
DESIGN
The oral biofilms from exposed sound root surface (SRS; n=10) and active root caries (RC; n=30) samples were collected. The total bacterial RNA was extracted, and the mRNA was isolated. Samples with low RNA concentration were pooled, yielding a final sample size of SRS=10 and RC=9. Complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries were prepared and sequenced on an Illumina(®) HiSeq 2500 system. Sequence reads were mapped to eight Actinomyces genomes. Count data were normalized using DESeq2 to analyse differential gene expression applying the Benjamini-Hochberg correction (false discovery rate [FDR]<0.001).
RESULTS
Actinomyces spp. had similar numbers of reads (Mann-Whitney U-test; p>0.05), except for Actinomyces OT178 (p=0.001) and Actinomyces gerencseriae (p=0.004), which had higher read counts in the SRS. Genes that code for stress proteins (clp, dnaK, and groEL), enzymes of glycolysis pathways (including enolase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), adhesion (Type-2 fimbrial and collagen-binding protein), and cell growth (EF-Tu) were highly - but not differentially (p>0.001) - expressed in both groups. Genes with the most significant upregulation in RC were those coding for hypothetical proteins and uracil DNA glycosylase (p=2.61E-17). The gene with the most significant upregulation in SRS was a peptide ABC transporter substrate-binding protein (log2FC=-6.00, FDR=2.37E-05).
CONCLUSION
There were similar levels of Actinomyces gene expression in both sound and carious root biofilms. These bacteria can be commensal in root surface sites but may be cariogenic due to survival mechanisms that allow them to exist in acid environments and to metabolize sugars, saving energy.
PubMed: 27640531
DOI: 10.3402/jom.v8.32383 -
PloS One 2018This study describes the successful synthesis of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing compounds with biodegradable and injectable properties and demonstrates that the kinetics of...
This study describes the successful synthesis of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing compounds with biodegradable and injectable properties and demonstrates that the kinetics of NO release vary according to the type of NO donor. The antimicrobial activity of NO-releasing compounds against three common periodontal pathogens, i.e., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Actinomyces israelii, was investigated using a susceptibility assay. Human gingival fibroblasts were treated with NO-releasing compounds at the minimum concentrations required for bacterial growth and cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT cell proliferation assay. Our results suggest that NO-releasing compounds can be used topically to treat both gram-negative and gram-positive periodontal pathogens. Comparison of the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity assay results between the NO-releasing compounds revealed that an NO donor comprising a macromolecule without surface charge, a lower instantaneous NO concentration, and an adequate supply of NO were associated with a strong bactericidal effect and low cytotoxicity. NO-releasing compounds with these properties may be suitable for treatment of periodontitis.
Topics: Actinomyces; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cell Line; Fibroblasts; Gingiva; Humans; Kinetics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitric Oxide; Periodontal Diseases; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 30286117
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199998 -
Marine Drugs Aug 2022Four actinomycete strains isolated from the coral and coral sand samples from the South China Sea, were found to produce a series of halogenated compounds baring...
Four actinomycete strains isolated from the coral and coral sand samples from the South China Sea, were found to produce a series of halogenated compounds baring similar ultraviolet absorption based on the analysis of HPLC and LC-MS. The production titers of halogenated compounds from SCSIO 64983 exceeded those of other similar strains leading us to focus on SCSIO 64983. Four new thiocarbazomycins A-B (-), chlocarbazomycin E (), and brocarbazomycin A (), together with three known chlocarbazomycins A-C (-) containing a carbazole core were identified, and their structures were determined using a combination of spectroscopic analysis including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. Structurally speaking, compounds and have the rare sulfur-containing carbazole nuclei, and and contain Cl and Br atoms, respectively. Although these compounds have not yet been found to have obvious biological activity, their discovery highlights the role of molecular libraries in subsequent drug discovery campaigns.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Animals; Anthozoa; Carbazoles; Coral Reefs; Sand
PubMed: 36005541
DOI: 10.3390/md20080537 -
Cureus Apr 2023are Gram-positive, filamentous rods found endogenously as a part of the normal flora and can be acquired exogenously as they are present in the soil. The most common...
are Gram-positive, filamentous rods found endogenously as a part of the normal flora and can be acquired exogenously as they are present in the soil. The most common species known to infect humans is . Five forms of the disease have been identified so far, of which the primary infection of the skin is the most uncommon. It is also commonly considered one of the most misdiagnosed diseases. We present a case of a young male diagnosed with primary cutaneous actinomycosis based on a histopathology specimen after multiple failed diagnoses of Madura foot/mycetoma, cutaneous tuberculosis, and malignancy. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics with the restoration of his functional disability caused by the lesion.
PubMed: 37162764
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37261 -
Porto Biomedical Journal 2017Abdominal actinomycosis is a rare infection and the non-recognition of this particular microorganism may led to a prolonged septic process and recurrent disease. We...
Abdominal actinomycosis is a rare infection and the non-recognition of this particular microorganism may led to a prolonged septic process and recurrent disease. We hereby present a case report of 53 years-old woman with a secondary peritonitis due to this microorganism and our option to perform a long course of penicillin derived antibiotics, after suture of a perforated gastric ulcer caused by a foreign body.
PubMed: 32258616
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbj.2017.03.002 -
Cureus Jun 2018Pylephlebitis is a thrombophlebitis of the portal vein or its branches, which usually occurs as a complication of intra-abdominal infections that are drained by the...
Pylephlebitis is a thrombophlebitis of the portal vein or its branches, which usually occurs as a complication of intra-abdominal infections that are drained by the portal vein, most commonly as a result of diverticulitis or appendicitis. Diagnosis of pylephlebitis is achieved by visualizing a portal vein thrombosis in a patient with bacteremia or a recent intra-abdominal infection. Many microorganisms have been reported to cause this infection. However, Actinomyces has never been reported before as a cause of pylephlebitis. Here, we describe a case of a 56-year-old female who had pylephlebitis that was caused by Actinomyces bacteremia and was treated with intravenous antibiotics.
PubMed: 30155389
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2887 -
Monaldi Archives For Chest Disease =... Dec 2021Dear Editor, We read with interest the article by Balis et al. on pulmonary tuberculosis and actinomyces co-infection as a lung mass....
Dear Editor, We read with interest the article by Balis et al. on pulmonary tuberculosis and actinomyces co-infection as a lung mass....
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Coinfection; Humans; Lung; Mycobacterium
PubMed: 34874131
DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2021.2102 -
The World Journal of Men's Health Apr 2024Little is known about the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction (ED). We performed a study to compare taxonomic profiles of gut microbiota...
PURPOSE
Little is known about the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction (ED). We performed a study to compare taxonomic profiles of gut microbiota of ED and healthy males.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 43 ED patients and 16 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) with a cutoff value of 21 was used to evaluate erectile function. All participants underwent nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity test. Samples of stool were sequenced to determine the gut microbiota.
RESULTS
We identified a distinct beta diversity of gut microbiome in ED patients by unweighted UniFrac analysis (R²=0.026, p=0.036). Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfse) analysis showed Actinomyces was significantly enriched, whereas , group, , , and were depleted in ED patients. showed a significant negative correlation with the duration of qualified erection, average maximum rigidity of tip, average maximum rigidity of base, tip tumescence activated unit (TAU), and base TAU. , group, , and were significantly correlated with the IIEF-5 score. and were positively related with average maximum rigidity of tip, average maximum rigidity of base, ΔTumescence of tip, and Tip TAU. Further, a random forest classifier based on the relative abundance of taxa showed good diagnostic efficacy with an area under curve of 0.72.
CONCLUSIONS
This pilot study identified evident alterations in the gut microbiome composition of ED patients and found was negatively correlated with erectile function, which may be a key pathogenic bacteria.
PubMed: 37382280
DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220278