-
Current Issues in Molecular Biology 2019Oral streptococci are among the most abundant genera present in the oral cavity. They are usually the first colonizers of oral surfaces and they develop extensive... (Review)
Review
Oral streptococci are among the most abundant genera present in the oral cavity. They are usually the first colonizers of oral surfaces and they develop extensive microbial interactions, playing a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis. In addition to physical adherence, streptococcal cells also exchange messages with cells from another spp. and other microorganisms in the form of metabolites and signaling molecules. In this review, we focused on these intrageneric and intergeneric interactions, and their association with oral diseases.
Topics: Actinomyces; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Candida albicans; Dental Caries; Dietary Carbohydrates; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Interactions; Mouth; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Quorum Sensing; Signal Transduction; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Virulence
PubMed: 31166176
DOI: 10.21775/cimb.032.377 -
JAAD Case Reports Aug 2021
PubMed: 34258347
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.05.040 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Feb 2022Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative disease caused by a filamentous, Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium Actinomyces. Abdominal actinomycosis accounts for...
INTRODUCTION
Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative disease caused by a filamentous, Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium Actinomyces. Abdominal actinomycosis accounts for 10 to 20% of reported Actinomyces infections and pancreatic involvement is extremely rare.
PRESENTATION OF CASE
We report the case of a 64-year-old man who presented with a 3-week history of abdominal pain, nausea, weight loss, and icterus. Abdominal CT scan revealed a 3.5 cm heterogeneously enhanced mass of the pancreatic head, associated with mild dilation of the main bile duct and the Wirsung duct. The diagnosis of pancreatic head malignancy was highly suspected and surgical management was decided. Intraoperatively, a 3 cm indurated mass of the pancreatic head was found. Whipple's procedure was performed. Histopathological examination revealed pancreatic actinomycosis.
DISCUSSION
Pancreatic actinomycosis is extremely rare. To our knowledge, only 18 cases have been reported in the English literature to date. It commonly presents as a slow-growing mass with bile and pancreatic ducts obstruction, which can mimic malignancy. Therefore, it has often been misdiagnosed and over-treated with futile surgery, when medical treatment based on antibiotherapy is the only required treatment.
CONCLUSION
We reported a rare observation of surgical management of actinomycosis mimicking a pancreatic head neoplasm. As clinical and radiological findings are nonspecific, the accurate diagnosis can only be made by histology. Through our case, we aim to highlight the importance of preoperative suspicion of pancreatic actinomycosis, given the still relevant morbidity of pancreatic resections.
PubMed: 35086048
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.106794 -
Cureus Dec 2020We describe a case of 49-years old female with a medical history of penicillin allergy, who suffered from brain infection caused by . Therefore, the available therapy...
We describe a case of 49-years old female with a medical history of penicillin allergy, who suffered from brain infection caused by . Therefore, the available therapy was metronidazole, ceftriaxone, and chloramphenicol. Due to a deterioration of the general and neurological condition of the patient, it was decided to perform a scratch skin test on penicillin, which was negative. After that, penicillin was administrated parenterally. The patient showed no hypersensitive reaction. Improvement was achieved. The patient underwent three subsequent surgeries due to primary and recurrent brain abscesses. There was a distinct improvement in her clinical status. Two months after the second re-surgery, the control computed tomography showed complete regression of the abscess. Brain abscess caused by an is very resistant to medication. However, surgical evacuation significantly accelerates the healing process. A good medication therapy is crucial and in most cases the drug of choice is penicillin. We emphasize the importance of a combined approach for treating this unusual brain infection.
PubMed: 33447487
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12058 -
The ISME Journal Dec 2020Host range is a fundamental component of symbiotic interactions, yet it remains poorly characterized for the prevalent yet enigmatic subcategory of bacteria/bacteria...
Host range is a fundamental component of symbiotic interactions, yet it remains poorly characterized for the prevalent yet enigmatic subcategory of bacteria/bacteria symbioses. The recently characterized obligate bacterial epibiont Candidatus Nanosynbacter lyticus TM7x with its bacterial host Actinomyces odontolyticus XH001 offers an ideal system to study such a novel relationship. In this study, the host range of TM7x was investigated by coculturing TM7x with various related Actinomyces strains and characterizing their growth dynamics from initial infection through subsequent co-passages. Of the twenty-seven tested Actinomyces, thirteen strains, including XH001, could host TM7x, and further classified into "permissive" and "nonpermissive" based on their varying initial responses to TM7x. Ten permissive strains exhibited growth/crash/recovery phases following TM7x infection, with crash timing and extent dependent on initial TM7x dosage. Meanwhile, three nonpermissive strains hosted TM7x without a growth-crash phase despite high TM7x dosage. The physical association of TM7x with all hosts, including nonpermissive strains, was confirmed by microscopy. Comparative genomic analyses revealed distinguishing genomic features between permissive and nonpermissive hosts. Our results expand the concept of host range beyond a binary to a wider spectrum, and the varying susceptibility of Actinomyces strains to TM7x underscores how small genetic differences between hosts can underly divergent selective trajectories.
Topics: Actinomyces; Bacteria; Host Specificity; Symbiosis
PubMed: 32839546
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00736-6 -
New Microbes and New Infections May 2021was first identified in 1995. To the best of our knowledge, pleural empyema caused by has never been reported. In the case reported herein, a patient with pleural...
was first identified in 1995. To the best of our knowledge, pleural empyema caused by has never been reported. In the case reported herein, a patient with pleural empyema was treated surgically, and in the bacterial samples, was isolated.
PubMed: 34094581
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100892 -
Cureus Jul 2020is a species of gram-positive anaerobic commensal organisms found in the human oropharynx, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts, which most often are implicated...
is a species of gram-positive anaerobic commensal organisms found in the human oropharynx, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts, which most often are implicated in cervicofacial infections. Rarely do these organisms cause joint infections. We present the case of a 68-year-old man with a prosthetic hip infection due to species. He underwent surgical incision and drainage with replacement of the prosthetic joint. Cultures grew species, and he was treated with a four-week course of ampicillin-sulbactam followed by eight weeks of amoxicillin-clavulanate. This organism is an uncommon pathogen, and few cases of prosthetic joint infection due to have previously been reported.
PubMed: 32789085
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9148 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023We sought to evaluate the effect of endodontic-causative microorganisms of primary infections on mononuclear cells such as CD14, CD4, CD8, CD19 and Tregs Foxp3....
We sought to evaluate the effect of endodontic-causative microorganisms of primary infections on mononuclear cells such as CD14, CD4, CD8, CD19 and Tregs Foxp3. Facultative anaerobic microorganisms were isolated from radicular conducts and peripheral blood samples, which were taken from patients with primary infections. Cellular cultures were performed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with and without spp. and spp. during 48, 72, and 96 h of contact in culture (concentration 5 × 10 cells/well) in a round plate bound with 48 wells. Later, PBMC was collected for analysis by flow cytometry, with the monoclonal antibodies αCD14, αCD4, αCD8, αCD19 and αFoxp3, and acquired using an FACSCanto II cytometer. The supernatant of cellular cultures was analyzed for the quantification of inflammatory cytokines. Data analysis was performed in FlowJo v10.8.2 and FCAPArray software, and statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad v5.0. software. We observed an increase in the percentage of CD14 cells in patients at different hours of cellular culture in the presence of both spp. and spp. microorganisms, compared to healthy controls. This study demonstrates the role played by the innate immune system in the pathogeny of endodontic primary infections, explaining the effects that generate the more common microorganisms in this oral pathology.
Topics: Humans; Actinomyces; Cytokines; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-8; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Monocytes; Streptococcus
PubMed: 38069174
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316853 -
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2020Actinomyces is a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that generally inhabits the human commensal flora of the bronchial system, the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract....
Actinomyces is a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that generally inhabits the human commensal flora of the bronchial system, the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract. In the rare case of becoming invasive under certain circumstances, the resulting Actinomycosis affects most commonly cervicofacial, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic regions. Due to its rarity and presenting with nonspecific clinical symptoms, thoracic and/or abdominal Actinomycosis in particular are highly intriguing clinical conditions that can easily be mistaken for other diseases including malignancies. Astute considerations are therefore necessary whenever we are challenged diagnostically to allow early diagnosis and thus avoiding gratuitous invasive surgery. In order to highlight different issues of this ultimate chronic disease we report a particular case of thoracoabdominal Actinomycosis.
PubMed: 33251103
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101281 -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2019is a gram-positive amorphous bacillus and was discovered in the Russian space station 'Mir' in 1997. It shows phylogenetic similarity to , and as determined using...
is a gram-positive amorphous bacillus and was discovered in the Russian space station 'Mir' in 1997. It shows phylogenetic similarity to , and as determined using 16 s ribosomal RNA gene analysis is classified as a bacteria of the genus It was found to colonise in the human oral cavity, and there are some infectious reports but none specifies gynaecological infection. A 57-year-old woman, who had been continuously using intrauterine contraceptive device, presented with fever and lower abdominal pain. She was suspected tube-ovarian abscess caused by , but the uterine cavity culture revealed infection. Considering surgical treatment, conservative treatment by intravenous benzylpenicillin and subsequently oral ampicillin for 6 months improved the abscess, and she has no recurrence for over 1 year.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Abscess; Actinomyces; Administration, Intravenous; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Fever; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Micrococcaceae; Middle Aged; Ovarian Diseases; Penicillin G; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31466967
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-229017