-
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2022Biofilm formation under cariogenic conditions contributes to dental caries development, in which () is regarded as the major cariogenic bacteria. Here, we synthesized a...
OBJECTIVE
Biofilm formation under cariogenic conditions contributes to dental caries development, in which () is regarded as the major cariogenic bacteria. Here, we synthesized a series of imidazolium salts. Their properties of antimicrobial and anti-biofilm were investigated.
METHODS
The microdilution method crystal violet staining, and cell counting Kit-8 assay were used to screen imidazolium salts. Then, the bacterial composition in multi-species biofilm composed of and was quantified by quantitative PCR. The exopolysaccharide and morphology of the structure of multi-species biofilm were further observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscope, respectively.
RESULTS
Imidazolium salts exhibited highly antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens, especially for . Compounds with -diisopropyl and -methoxyl on N-moieties as well as bearing ancenaphthyl skeleton (C5) showed the lowest cytotoxicity and most efficient anti-biofilm activity. C5 inhibited approximately 50% of multi-species biofilm at 0.98 μg/mL. Notably, C5 resulted in 98.97% live and 77.65% decreased. Furthermore, the exopolysaccharide was reduced by 88%, along with a sparse and scattered microstructure.
CONCLUSION
The imidazolium salts present low cytotoxicity and remarkable antimicrobial activity against in multi-species biofilm, suggesting that they may have a great potential in anti-biofilm clinical applications.
PubMed: 35600163
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2075309 -
BioMed Research International 2021Quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) are useful antimicrobial compounds against oral bacteria. Here, we investigated the effects of two QAMs, dimethylaminododecyl...
Quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) are useful antimicrobial compounds against oral bacteria. Here, we investigated the effects of two QAMs, dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), on biofilm formation, survival and development of tolerance by biofilm, and survival and development of tolerance against QAMs after prolonged starvation. (. ), (. ), (. ), and (. ) were used. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of QAMs against multispecies biofilm was determined. Biofilm formed under sub-MIC was observed by crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Metabolic activity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactic acid production measurement. Development of tolerance was determined by MIC values before and after exposure to QAMs or after prolonged starvation. It was found that . and . could survive and form biofilm under sub-MIC of QAMs. Lactic acid production from biofilms formed under sub-MIC was significantly higher than control specimens ( < 0.05). The exposure to sub-MIC of QAMs promoted biofilm formation, and prolonged starvation or prolonged contact with sub-MIC helped bacteria develop tolerance against killing by QAMs.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Biofilms; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dental Pulp Diseases; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterococcus faecalis; Humans; Lactic Acid; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Methacrylates; Methylamines; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Streptococcus gordonii
PubMed: 33511211
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8461245 -
Microorganisms Jul 2023Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard...
Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues. Despite scientific advances in cariology, dental caries remains a severe global concern. The aim of this study was to determine the optimization of microbial and molecular techniques for the detection of cariogenic pathogens in dental caries patients, the prevalence of cariogenic bacteria on the basis of socioeconomic, climatological, and hygienic factors, and in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of selected synthetic antibiotics and herbal extracts. In this study, oral samples were collected from 900 patients for bacterial strain screening on a biochemical and molecular basis. Plant extracts, such as ginger, garlic, neem, tulsi, amla, and aloe vera, were used to check the antimicrobial activity against the isolated strains. Synthetic antimicrobial agents, such as penicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, doxycycline, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, were also used to access the antimicrobial activity. Among 900 patients, 63% were males and 37% were females, patients aged between 36 and 58 (45.7%) years were prone to disease, and the most common symptom was toothache (61%). For oral diseases, 21% used herbs, 36% used antibiotics, and 48% were self-medicated, owing to sweets consumption (60.66%) and fizzy drinks and fast food (51.56%). (29.11%) and (28.11%) were found as the most abundant strains. Seven bacterial strains were successfully screened and predicted to be closely related to genera , , , , , , and . Among plant extracts, the maximum zone of inhibition was recorded by ginger (22.36 mm) and amla (20.01 mm), while among synthetic antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were most effective against all microbes. This study concluded that phyto extracts of ginger and amla were considered suitable alternatives to synthetic antibiotics to treat dental diseases.
PubMed: 37630520
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081952 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2015Actinomyces rarely causes endocarditis with 25 well-described cases reported in the literature in the past 75 years. We present a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis...
Actinomyces rarely causes endocarditis with 25 well-described cases reported in the literature in the past 75 years. We present a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) caused by Actinomyces naeslundii. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of endocarditis due to this organism and the second report of PVE caused by Actinomyces.
PubMed: 26697243
DOI: 10.1155/2015/602462 -
European Journal of Medical Research Jun 2024The use of probiotics could promote the balance of the subgingival microbiota to contribute to periodontal health. This study aimed to identify the potential of bacteria...
OBJECTIVES
The use of probiotics could promote the balance of the subgingival microbiota to contribute to periodontal health. This study aimed to identify the potential of bacteria commonly associated with healthy periodontal tissues as probiotic candidates.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Ovid databases as well as the combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and non-MeSH terms. Based on the selection criteria, original studies published in English and identifying the microorganisms present in the periodontium of healthy individuals and patients with periodontitis using the high-throughput 16S ribosomal gene sequencing technique were included.
RESULTS
Out of 659 articles, 12 met the criteria for this review. These articles were published from 2012 to 2020 and mainly originated from the United States, China, and Spain. Most of these studies reported adequate criteria for selecting participants, using standardized clinical criteria, and compliance with quality based on the tools used. In periodontal healthy tissue were identified species like Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Rothia dentocariosa, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus intermedius, and Prevotella nigrescens which have recognized strains with a capacity to inhibit periodontopathogens.
CONCLUSIONS
S. sanguinis, S. oralis, S. mitis, and S. gordonii are among the bacterial species proposed as potential probiotics because some strains can inhibit periodontopathogens and have been reported as safe for humans.
Topics: Humans; Probiotics; Periodontium; Periodontitis; Bacteria; Microbiota
PubMed: 38877601
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01908-2 -
IDCases 2020Pott's puffy tumor is characterized by forehead swelling from subperiosteal abscess and frontal bone osteomyelitis. It is encountered mainly in children; rarely in...
Pott's puffy tumor is characterized by forehead swelling from subperiosteal abscess and frontal bone osteomyelitis. It is encountered mainly in children; rarely in adults. When it does occur in the latter population, the most common risk factors include head trauma, sinusitis, or cocaine abuse. Generally, the organisms thought to be involved include streptococci, staphylococci and oral anaerobic flora. We present a case of a 53 year old female who presented with forehead swelling of 3 month duration after a dental procedure, found to be secondary to . Actinomyces is a very rare etiology of this disease and has been reported only twice earlier in the literature. We present an uncommon infectious disease along with summary of clinical characteristics of this entity in the adult population.
PubMed: 33033689
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00974 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2022Root caries in aging population was prevalent worldwide. Due to the absence of enamel and specific structure of dentine, bacteria are able to penetrate further into...
BACKGROUD
Root caries in aging population was prevalent worldwide. Due to the absence of enamel and specific structure of dentine, bacteria are able to penetrate further into dentine at an earlier stage of lesion development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding of a strontium-doped bioactive glass-ceramic (HX-BGC) to a fluoride-free toothpaste on prevention of formation of artificial dentine caries.
METHODS
Thirty-six human tooth specimens were allocated to three groups (n = 12 per group). Group 1 treated with slurry containing a fluoride-free toothpaste and 5% HX-BGC, Group 2 was treated with fluoride-free toothpaste slurry, and Group 3 received deionized water as a negative control. The specimens were subjected to four cycles (15 h demineralization and 8 h remineralization for one cycle) of biochemical cycling. A mixed suspension of five bacteria species (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Actinomyces naeslundii) were prepared in brain heart infusion broth with 5% sucrose and used as acidic challenge in biochemical cycling. Subsequently, surface morphology of the dentine lesion was assessed by scanning electron microscopy, while the lesion depths and mineral loss were assessed by micro-computed tomography.
RESULTS
The mean lesion depths in dentine in Groups 1 to 3 were 87.79 ± 16.99 μm, 101.06 ± 10.04 μm and 113.60 ± 16.36 μm, respectively (p = 0.002). The mean amounts of mineral loss in Groups 1 to 3 were 0.82 ± 0.10 g/cm, 0.89 ± 0.09 g/cm and 0.96 ± 0.11 g/cm, respectively (p = 0.016). No obvious differences in the surface morphology were seen among the groups.
CONCLUSION
Addition of strontium-doped bioactive glass-ceramic to fluoride-free toothpaste has potential to reduce formation of dentine lesions.
Topics: Aged; Cariostatic Agents; Ceramics; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dentin; Fluorides; Humans; Minerals; Strontium; Tooth Remineralization; Toothpastes; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 35842639
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02321-z -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020In view of increasing resistance against antibiotics and antiseptics, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may be a promising approach for use in dentistry. The aim...
INTRODUCTION
In view of increasing resistance against antibiotics and antiseptics, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may be a promising approach for use in dentistry. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of aPDT with the phenalene-1-one derivatives SAPYR and SA-PN-05 as photosensitizers by evaluating bacterial ability to replicate, membrane integrity, metabolic activity, and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biofilms of , , and .
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Single-species biofilms (, , and ) were cultured under aerobic conditions for 48 h followed by treatment with the photosensitizers SAPYR and SA-PN-05 at various concentrations (0, 50, 100, 500 μM) and different incubation periods of 5, 10, 20, and 30 min and subsequent irradiation for 10 min (Waldmann PIB 3000; λ = 360-600 nm; 50 mW/cm; 30 J/cm). Control samples were treated with dHO and kept in dark for the same periods. Bacterial ability to replicate was evaluated by colony forming unit (CFU) assay. The cytoplasmic membrane integrity was investigated by flow cytometry using SYBR Green and propidium iodide and visualized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. For SAPYR, metabolic activity and formation of intracellular ROS after irradiation were evaluated via luminescence and fluorometric assays, respectively.
RESULTS
SAPYR showed antimicrobial effects (>3 log CFU reduction) on after 5 min and on after 20 min incubation and light activation. For , CFU reduction was >2 log after 30 min of incubation. SA-PN-05 showed an antimicrobial effect after 5 min for all bacteria. Membrane damage upon aPDT with SAPYR was observed for , but not for and . Following treatment with SA-PN-05, irradiated samples and dark controls of all three species showed loss of membrane integrity. Luminescence and fluorometric assays showed a reduction in metabolic activity and an increase in formation of intracellular ROS in all three species upon aPDT treatment with SAPYR.
CONCLUSION
The observed loss in ability to replicate upon aPDT with SAPYR in single-species biofilms may be due to an increase in formation of intracellular ROS upon photodynamic treatment.
PubMed: 33193252
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.589364 -
PloS One 2018The aim of this study was to evaluate the carious status and the microbial profiles of supragingival plaque in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the carious status and the microbial profiles of supragingival plaque in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.
METHODS
This study included 30 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis as well as 30 control subjects. Dental examination was performed and the decayed-missing-filled-teeth was recorded. Supragingival plaque was taken and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon by Illumina MiSeq sequencing to detect microbial composition and community diversity and structure.
RESULTS
The level of decayed-missing-filled-teeth was higher in the hemodialysis group than that in the control group. Microbial analysis showed a decrease in α diversity and a increase in relative abundance and prevalence of many acidogenic and aciduric caries related species in the supragingival plaque samples of the hemodialysis patients, including Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus vaginalis, Scardovia wiggsiae F0424, and Actinomyces naeslundii.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggested that the hemodialysis patients were more susceptible to caries. More attentions for caries prevention and treatment should be paid to improve their life quality, and even to reduce their cardiovascular events and survival.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Load; Biodiversity; Case-Control Studies; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 30300382
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204674 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Feb 2024BACKGROUND Actinomycosis is a clinically significant but uncommon infectious disease caused by anaerobic commensals of Actinomyces species, and the incidence of thoracic...
BACKGROUND Actinomycosis is a clinically significant but uncommon infectious disease caused by anaerobic commensals of Actinomyces species, and the incidence of thoracic empyema is rare. We report an extremely rare case of empyema caused by Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii). CASE REPORT A 39-year-old man presented to our hospital with fever and dyspnea. He had massive pleural effusion and was diagnosed with a left lower-lobe abscess and left thoracic empyema. Thoracic drainage was performed and Ampicillin/Sulbactam was administered for 3 weeks. Four years later, the patient presented with back pain, and chest X-ray showed increased left pleural effusion. After close examination, malignant pleural mesothelioma was suspected, and computed tomography-guided needle biopsy was performed, which yielded a viscous purulent pleural effusion with numerous greenish-yellow sulfur granules. A. naeslundii was identified through anaerobic culture. Thoracoscopic surgery of the empyema cavity was conducted, and Ampicillin/Sulbactam followed by Amoxicillin/Clavulanate was administered for approximately 6 months. No recurrence has been observed for 1 year since the surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONS Actinomyces empyema is a rare condition, and this case is the second reported occurrence of empyema caused by A. naeslundii. The visual identification of sulfur granules contributed to the diagnosis. Long-term antibiotic therapy plays a crucial role in treatment.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Sulbactam; Empyema, Pleural; Actinomyces; Empyema; Pleural Effusion; Ampicillin; Sulfur
PubMed: 38368503
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.943030