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Biomedicines Apr 2022The widespread increase of antibiotic resistance highlights the need for alternative treatments such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). This study aimed to...
Antimicrobial Behavior and Cytotoxicity of Indocyanine Green in Combination with Visible Light and Water-Filtered Infrared A Radiation against Periodontal Bacteria and Subgingival Biofilm.
The widespread increase of antibiotic resistance highlights the need for alternative treatments such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial behavior and cytotoxicity of aPDT with indocyanine green (ICG) in combination with visible light (Vis) and water-filtered infrared A (wIRA). Representative periodontal bacteria (, , , , , , , and ) and subgingival in situ biofilms from periodontal patients were treated with aPDT for 5 min. ICG was used at different concentrations (50-500 µg/mL) and the number of viable cells was determined in colony forming units (CFU). Untreated negative controls and 0.2% chlorhexidine as a positive control were also prepared. The cytotoxicity test on human keratinocytes in vitro was analyzed with the AlamarBlue assay after 5, 10, and 20 min, with four ICG concentrations, and at two temperatures (room temperature and 37 °C). The tested periodontal pathogens treated with aPDT were eliminated in a range between 1.2 and 6.7 log CFU, except for , which was killed at a lower range. The subgingival biofilm treated with aPDT expressed significant differences to the untreated controls except for at 300 µg/mL ICG concentration. The cytotoxicity was directly related to the concentration of ICG and irradiation time. These observations raise questions concerning the use of this specific aPDT as an adjuvant to periodontal treatments due to its possible toxicity towards human gingival cells.
PubMed: 35625693
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050956 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2024The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of titanium surface nanotopography on the initial bacterial adhesion process by in vivo and in vitro study models....
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of titanium surface nanotopography on the initial bacterial adhesion process by in vivo and in vitro study models. Titanium disks were produced and characterized according to their surface topography: machined (Ti-M), microtopography (Ti-Micro), and nanotopography (Ti-Nano). For the in vivo study, 18 subjects wore oral acrylic splints containing 2 disks from each group for 24 h (n = 36). After this period, the disks were removed from the splints and evaluated by microbial culture method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and qPCR for quantification of Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, as well as total bacteria. For the in vitro study, adhesion tests were performed with the species S. oralis and A. naeslundii for 24 h. Data were compared by ANOVA, with Tukey's post-test. Regarding the in vivo study, both the total aerobic and total anaerobic bacteria counts were similar among groups (p > 0.05). In qPCR, there was no difference among groups of bacteria adhered to the disks (p > 0.05), except for A. naeslundii, which was found in lower proportions in the Ti-Nano group (p < 0.05). In the SEM analysis, the groups had a similar bacterial distribution, with a predominance of cocci and few bacilli. In the in vitro study, there was no difference in the adhesion profile for S. oralis and A. naeslundii after 24 h of biofilm formation (p > 0.05). Thus, we conclude that micro- and nanotopography do not affect bacterial adhesion, considering an initial period of biofilm formation.
Topics: Humans; Bacterial Adhesion; Titanium; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Research Design
PubMed: 38477807
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0021 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022This study aims to investigate the effects of a novel ZnCuO nanoparticle coating for dental implants-versus those of conventional titanium surfaces-on bacteria and host...
This study aims to investigate the effects of a novel ZnCuO nanoparticle coating for dental implants-versus those of conventional titanium surfaces-on bacteria and host cells. A multispecies biofilm composed of , , , and was grown for 14 days on various titanium discs: machined, sandblasted, sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA), ZnCuO-coated, and hydroxyapatite discs. Bacterial species were quantified with qPCR, and their viability was examined via confocal microscopy. Osteoblast-like and macrophage-like cells grown on the various discs for 48 h were examined for proliferation using an XTT assay, and for activity using ALP and TNF-α assays. The CSLM revealed more dead bacteria in biofilms grown on titanium than on hydroxyapatite, and less on sandblasted than on machined and ZnCuO-coated surfaces, with the latter showing a significant decrease in all four biofilm species. The osteoblast-like cells showed increased proliferation on all of the titanium surfaces, with higher activity on the ZnCuO-coated and sandblasted discs. The macrophage-like cells showed higher proliferation on the hydroxyapatite and sandblasted discs, and lower activity on the SLA and ZnCuO-coated discs. The ZnCuO-coated titanium has anti-biofilm characteristics with desired effects on host cells, thus representing a promising candidate in the complex battle against peri-implantitis.
PubMed: 35407847
DOI: 10.3390/ma15072514 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Calcium phosphate (CaP) particles immobilizing antibacterial agents have the potential to be used as dental disinfectants. In this study, we fabricated CaP particles...
Calcium phosphate (CaP) particles immobilizing antibacterial agents have the potential to be used as dental disinfectants. In this study, we fabricated CaP particles with immobilized ciprofloxacin (CF), a commonly prescribed antibacterial agent, via a coprecipitation process using a supersaturated CaP solution. As the aging time in the coprecipitation process increased from 2 to 24 h, the CaP phase in the resulting particles transformed from amorphous to low-crystalline hydroxyapatite, and their Ca/P elemental ratio, yield, and CF content increased. Despite the higher CF content, the particles aged for 24 h displayed a slower release of CF in a physiological salt solution, most likely owing to their crystallized matrix (less soluble hydroxyapatite), than those aged for 2 h, whose matrix was amorphous CaP. Both particles exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activities along with an acid-neutralizing effect against the major oral bacteria, , , and , in a dose-dependent manner, although their dose-response relationship was slightly different. The aging time in the coprecipitation process was identified as a governing factor affecting the physicochemical properties of the resulting CF-immobilized CaP particles and their functionality as a dental disinfectant.
PubMed: 38730839
DOI: 10.3390/ma17092035 -
IDCases 2021Preterm birth is a global concern with considerable morbidity and mortality. Intrapartum infection is a known cause of preterm birth and infection is one of the...
Preterm birth is a global concern with considerable morbidity and mortality. Intrapartum infection is a known cause of preterm birth and infection is one of the infections contributing to preterm birth. We report a case of preterm birth of a trisomy-21 neonate to a mother with positive from an intra-operative placental swab sample and discussed the relationship of this bacteria and preterm delivery, and the role of postpartum antibiotics use in this case.
PubMed: 33532241
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01051 -
BioMed Research International 2022The use of low-temperature plasma (LTP) is a novel approach to treating peri-implantitis. LTP disrupts the biofilm while conditioning the surrounding host environment...
BACKGROUND
The use of low-temperature plasma (LTP) is a novel approach to treating peri-implantitis. LTP disrupts the biofilm while conditioning the surrounding host environment for bone growth around the infected implant. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of LTP on newly formed (24 h), intermediate (3 days), and mature (7 days) peri-implant-related biofilms formed on titanium surfaces.
METHODS
(ATCC 12104), (W83), (ATCC 35037), and (ATCC 17748) were cultivated in brain heart infusion supplemented with 1% yeast extract, hemin (0.5 mg/mL), and menadione (5 mg/mL) and kept at 37°C in anaerobic conditions for 24 h. Species were mixed for a final concentration of ~10 colony forming units (CFU)/mL (OD = 0.01), and the bacterial suspension was put in contact with titanium specimens (7.5 mm in diameter by 2 mm in thickness) for biofilm formation. Biofilms were treated with LTP for 1, 3, and 5 min at 3 or 10 mm from plasma tip to sample. Controls were those having no treatment (negative control, NC) and argon flow under the same LTP conditions. Positive controls were those treated with 14 g/mL amoxicillin and 140 g/mL metronidazole individually or combined and 0.12% chlorhexidine ( = 6 per group). Biofilms were evaluated by CFU, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Comparisons among bacteria; 24 h, 3-day, and 7-day biofilms; and treatments for each biofilm were made. Wilcoxon signed-rank and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were applied ( = 0.05).
RESULTS
Bacterial growth was observed in all NC groups, corroborated by FISH. LTP treatment significantly reduced all bacteria species compared to the NC in all biofilm periods and treatment conditions ( ≤ 0.016), and CLSM corroborated these results.
CONCLUSION
Within the limitation of this study, we conclude that LTP application effectively reduces peri-implantitis-related multispecies biofilms on titanium surfaces .
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Temperature; Titanium; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Biofilms; Bacteria
PubMed: 37228507
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1549774 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022This study analyzed the antimicrobial and antibiofilm action and cytotoxicity of extract (HEScL) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-HEScL) from leaves. GC-MS, UV-Vis, EDX,...
This study analyzed the antimicrobial and antibiofilm action and cytotoxicity of extract (HEScL) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-HEScL) from leaves. GC-MS, UV-Vis, EDX, FEG/SEM, DLS and zeta potential assays were used to characterize the extract or nanoparticles. Antimicrobial, antibiofilm and cytotoxicity analyses were carried out by methods: agar diffusion, microdilution and normal oral keratinocytes spontaneously immortalized (NOK-SI) cell culture. MICs of planktonic cells ranged from 31.2-250 (AgNPs-HEScL) to 1,296.8-10,375 μg/ml (HEScL) for , , , , , , , and . AgNPs-HEScL showed antibiofilm effects (125-8,000 μg/ml) toward , and , and and . The NOK-SI exhibited no cytotoxicity when treated with 32.8 and 680.3 μg/ml of AgNPs-HEScL and HEScL, respectively, for 5 min. The data suggest potential antimicrobial and antibiofilm action of HEScL, and more specifically, AgNPs-HEScL, involving pathogens of medical and dental interest (dose-, time- and species-dependent). The cytotoxicity of HEScL and AgNPs-HEScL detected in NOK-SI was dose- and time-dependent. This study presents toxicological information about the lyophilized ethanolic extract of leaves, including their metallic nanoparticles, and adds scientific values to incipient studies found in the literature.
PubMed: 36246249
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.995521 -
Journal of the American College of... Oct 2022The patient is an 82-year-old male with a past medical history of aortic valve replacement who presented to the emergency department after a fall. He developed atrial...
The patient is an 82-year-old male with a past medical history of aortic valve replacement who presented to the emergency department after a fall. He developed atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response and non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, leading to hospitalization. During hospital admission, the patient complained of midline thoracic back pain, and an extensive evaluation for this complaint revealed discitis and osteomyelitis with epidural abscess near the T7 and T8 vertebrae that did not result in neurological deficits and required no surgical intervention. A total of 2 blood cultures were reported positive for , and . A transesophageal echocardiogram showed a small vegetation on the aortic prosthetic valve with probable small vegetation on the mitral valve. He was prescribed ceftriaxone intravenously for 12 weeks, followed by amoxicillin 2 g orally twice a day for at least 12 months. is not commonly known to cause infective endocarditis, whereas , and have been reported to do so. One previous case of was reported to cause prosthetic valve endocarditis as a single infectious agent. To our knowledge, this is the first case report for as part of multimicrobial bacteremia leading to endocarditis, discitis, and osteomyelitis.
PubMed: 36237290
DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12821 -
NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes Jun 2020Bacteria utilize chemical and mechanical mechanisms to sense their environment, to survive hostile conditions. In mechanical sensing, intra-bilayer pressure profiles...
Bacteria utilize chemical and mechanical mechanisms to sense their environment, to survive hostile conditions. In mechanical sensing, intra-bilayer pressure profiles change due to deformation induced by the adhesion forces bacteria experience on a surface. Emergent properties in mono-species Streptococcus mutans biofilms, such as extracellular matrix production, depend on the adhesion forces that streptococci sense. Here we determined whether and how salivary-conditioning film (SCF) adsorption and the multi-species nature of oral biofilm influence adhesion force sensing and associated gene expression by S. mutans. Hereto, Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, and S. mutans were grown together on different surfaces in the absence and presence of an adsorbed SCF. Atomic force microscopy and RT-qPCR were used to measure S. mutans adhesion forces and gene expressions. Upon SCF adsorption, stationary adhesion forces decreased on a hydrophobic and increased on a hydrophilic surface to around 8 nN. Optical coherence tomography showed that triple-species biofilms on SCF-coated surfaces with dead S. oralis adhered weakly and often detached as a contiguous sheet. Concurrently, S. mutans displayed no differential adhesion force sensing on SCF-coated surfaces in the triple-species biofilms with dead S. oralis, but once live S. oralis were present S. mutans adhesion force sensing and gene expression ranked similar as on surfaces in the absence of an adsorbed SCF. Concluding, live S. oralis may enzymatically degrade SCF components to facilitate direct contact of biofilm inhabitants with surfaces and allow S. mutans adhesion force sensing of underlying surfaces to define its appropriate adaptive response. This represents a new function of initial colonizers in multi-species oral biofilms.
Topics: Actinomyces; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Mouth; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus oralis; Surface Properties
PubMed: 32581220
DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-0135-0 -
ACS Applied Bio Materials Mar 2023Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have been widely used due to their excellent antimicrobial activity. However, using the technology where nanomaterials are employed...
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have been widely used due to their excellent antimicrobial activity. However, using the technology where nanomaterials are employed as drug carriers to deliver QAC drugs has not been fully explored. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with short rod morphology were synthesized in a one-pot reaction using an antiseptic drug cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). CPC-MSN were characterized via various methods and tested against three bacterial species (, , and ), which are associated with oral infections, caries, and endodontic pathology. The nanoparticle delivery system used in this study prolonged the release of CPC. The manufactured CPC-MSN effectively killed the tested bacteria within the biofilm, and their size allowed them to penetrate into dentinal tubules. This CPC-MSN nanoparticle delivery system demonstrates potential for applications in dental materials.
Topics: Cetylpyridinium; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Nanoparticles; Biofilms; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 36862938
DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01080