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Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2020This study aims to investigate and assess salivary biomarkers and microbial profiles as a means of diagnosing periodontitis. A total of 121 subjects were included: 28...
This study aims to investigate and assess salivary biomarkers and microbial profiles as a means of diagnosing periodontitis. A total of 121 subjects were included: 28 periodontally healthy subjects, 24 with Stage I periodontitis, 24 with Stage II, 23 with Stage III, and 22 with Stage IV. Salivary proteins (including active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), pro-MMP-8, total MMP-8, C-reactive protein, secretory immunoglobulin A) and planktonic bacteria (including , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and ) were measured from salivary samples. The performance of the diagnostic models was assessed by receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) analysis. The diagnostic models were constructed based on the subjects' proteins and/or microbial profiles, resulting in two potential diagnosis models that achieved better diagnostic powers, with an AUC value > 0.750 for the diagnosis of Stages II, III, and IV periodontitis (Model PA-I; AUC: 0.796, sensitivity: 0.754, specificity: 0.712) and for the diagnosis of Stages III and IV periodontitis (Model PA-II; AUC: 0.796, sensitivity: 0.756, specificity: 0.868). This study can contribute to screening for periodontitis based on salivary biomarkers.
PubMed: 33066545
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100820 -
Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao = Journal... Jul 2019To construct antimicrobial peptides with potent antimicrobial activity, low cytotoxicity and efficient killing rate of for prevention and treatment of dental caries.
OBJECTIVE
To construct antimicrobial peptides with potent antimicrobial activity, low cytotoxicity and efficient killing rate of for prevention and treatment of dental caries.
METHODS
We exploited the existing design strategies to modify reutericin 6 or gassericin A produced by species in the oral cavity based on their cationicity, amphipathicity and -helical structure. We examined their antimicrobial activities using bacterial susceptibility assay, their cytotoxicity through cytotoxicity assay and their killing rate of with time-kill assay. We further evaluated the candidate derivatives for their killing rate against , their antimicrobial activity against different oral pathogens and the development of drug resistance.
RESULTS
We constructed 6 AT-1 derivatives, among which AT-7 showed an MIC of 3.3 μmol/L against , and with a killing rate of 88.7% against within 5 min. We did not obtain strains of resistant to AT- 7 after induction for 10 passages.
CONCLUSIONS
Hydrophobicity and imperfect amphipathic structure are two key parameters that define the antimicrobial potency of the antimicrobial peptides. The imperfectly amphipathic peptide AT-7 shows the potential for clinical application in dental caries treatment.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Dental Caries; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peptides; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 31340916
DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.07.12 -
Journal of Oleo Science Oct 2018A microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) method was investigated for extraction of essential oils from lavender. The essential oil extracts at optimized MAHD...
A microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) method was investigated for extraction of essential oils from lavender. The essential oil extracts at optimized MAHD conditions was compared with hydrodistillation (HD). Response surface methodology coupled with Box-Behnken design was applied to optimize the parameters for MAHD. The optimized MAHD conditions were 500 W microwave power, 17 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio and 40 min microwave time. The ANOVA results revealed that microwave time had the greatest impact on the essential oil yield followed by liquid-to-solid ratio and microwave power. Under the MAHD optimized conditions, the essential oil yield was 3.19%, approximating the predicted yield (3.20%). MAHD was superior in terms of saving energy and extraction time (40 min, compared to 120 min in HD). The essential oil analyzed by GC-MS, presented 39 compounds constituting 98.37% and 97.51% of the essential oils obtained through MAHD and HD, respectively. No obvious differences were found in composition between MAHD oil and HD oil. Antimicrobial study showed that the lavender essential oil exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and the MAHD oil showed a higher antimicrobial activity than the HD oil. This study revealed that MAHD could be a good method for extracting essential oil in lavender and other aromatic plants.
Topics: Actinomyces viscosus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillus niger; Distillation; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Lavandula; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Microwaves; Oils, Volatile; Penicillium; Plant Oils; Staphylococcus aureus; Time Factors
PubMed: 30210076
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18019 -
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi... Aug 2015To evaluate the effects of Yili dark bee propolis on the main cariogenic biofilm and mechanisms.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of Yili dark bee propolis on the main cariogenic biofilm and mechanisms.
METHODS
Susceptibilities to the ethanolic extract of propolis against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), Streptococcus sanguis (S. sanguis), Actinomyces viscosus (A. viscosus), and Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) were analyzed by crystal violet stain method to determine the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). The biofilm was initially cultivated for 24 h. Subsequently, the propolis groups with different concentration MBEC and initial pH 7.0 were cultured for 24 h. Moreover, the pH value was measured to evaluate the acid-producing ability of the tested plaque biofilm. The effects of propolis on the insoluble extracellular polysaccharide synthesis of S. mutans biofilm were evaluated by anthrone method.
RESULTS
The MBEC of Yili propolis on S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. sanguis, A. viscosus, and A. naeslundii were 6.25, 1.56, 3.13, 0.78, and 0.78 mg.mL-1, respectively. Propolis could decrease the ΔpH of the tested plaque biofilm, and the differences between the control and propolis groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). At MBEC, propolis could reduce the ability of S. mutans in synthesizing insoluble extracellular polysaccharides.
CONCLUSION
Yili propolis demonstrate remarkable eradicative effects on the cariogenic plaque biofilm, showing inhibition of the synthesis of biofilm-produced acids and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides.
Topics: Actinomyces viscosus; Animals; Bees; Biofilms; Dental Plaque; Propolis; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sanguis; Streptococcus sobrinus
PubMed: 26595940
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2015.04.004 -
Microorganisms Feb 2024This study aimed to explore the phenotype and relationship of drug resistance genes in livestock and poultry farm wastewater and drinking water reservoirs to provide...
This study aimed to explore the phenotype and relationship of drug resistance genes in livestock and poultry farm wastewater and drinking water reservoirs to provide evidence for the transmission mechanisms of drug resistance genes, in order to reveal the spread of drug resistance genes in wastewater from intensive farms in Central China to urban reservoirs that serve as drinking water sources and provide preliminary data for the treatment of wastewater from animal farms to reduce the threat to human beings. DNA extraction and metagenomic sequencing were performed on eight groups of samples collected from four water reservoirs and four related wastewaters from animal farms in Central China. Metagenomic sequencing showed that the top 20 AROs with the highest abundance were _gene, _gene, , , , _gene_, _gene, , _gene, _gene, , , , , _gene, , _gene, , , and . The resistance genes mentioned above belong to the following categories of drug resistance mechanisms: antibiotic target replacement, antibiotic target protection, antibiotic inactivation, and antibiotic efflux. The resistomes that match the top 20 genes are and ; ; ; and . ; ; and ; and ; , , , , , , , , , and ; and ; , , , , , and ; and ; and ; , , and ; , , , , , , and . Unreported drug resistance genes and drug-resistant bacteria in Central China were identified in 2023. In the transmission path of drug resistance genes, the transmission path from aquaculture wastewater to human drinking water sources cannot be ignored. For the sake of human health and ecological balance, the treatment of aquaculture wastewater needs to be further strengthened, and the effective blocking of drug resistance gene transmission needs to be considered.
PubMed: 38399800
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020396 -
Journal of Bone and Joint Infection 2020is an oral bacterium that is rarely virulent in humans, with most case presentations involving dental and maxillofacial infections. We describe the first reported case...
is an oral bacterium that is rarely virulent in humans, with most case presentations involving dental and maxillofacial infections. We describe the first reported case of vertebral osteomyelitis in a patient who had a significant response to penicillin after minimal response to cephalosporin therapy.
PubMed: 32983847
DOI: 10.5194/jbji-6-39-2020 -
Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine 2015In this study, antimicrobial activities of an ethanol extract of Tribulus terrestris aloneand in combination with Capsella bursa-pastoris and Glycyrrhiza glabra were...
OBJECTIVE
In this study, antimicrobial activities of an ethanol extract of Tribulus terrestris aloneand in combination with Capsella bursa-pastoris and Glycyrrhiza glabra were examined in vitro against six pathogens namely Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Antibacterial activities of the extracts were examined using disc and well diffusion methods and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ethanol extracts were determined against these microorganisms using agar and broth dilution methods. Chlorhexidine was used as positive control.
RESULTS
Tribulus terrestris extract exhibited good antibacterial activity against all bacteria. Antibacterial activity of mixed extract was evaluated and exhibited that mixed extract was more effective against all bacteria than any of the cases alone which indicates the synergistic effect between these three extracts (p˂0.05). No strain showed resistance against these extracts. In agar dilution, Tribulus terrestris exhibited MIC values ranging from 35.0 to 20.0 mg/ml and mixed extract showed MIC values ranging from 12.5 to 5.0 mg/ml. The results of broth dilution method were consistent with the findings of the agar dilution method.
CONCLUSION
This in-vitro study was a preliminary evaluation of antibacterial activity of the plants. It provided scientific evidence to support uses of T. terrestris and its mixture with C. bursa-pastoris and G. glabra for the treatment of oral infections. In-vivo studies are also required to better evaluate the effect of these extracts.
PubMed: 26101754
DOI: No ID Found -
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi... Dec 2014This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of decapeptide, a novel antimicrobial peptide, against several major cariogenic and periodontopathogenic bacteria...
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of decapeptide, a novel antimicrobial peptide, against several major cariogenic and periodontopathogenic bacteria in vitro. METHODS In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of decapeptide against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Saccharomyces albicans in vitro using the agar diffusion method and broth dilution method. Furthermore, a time-kill kinetic study of decapeptide against S. mutans was performed.
RESULTS
The results showed that decapeptide exhibited antimicrobial activity against various oral bacteria and fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of main cariogenic bacteria ranged from 62.5 μg · mL(-1) to 125 μg · mL(-1), and the MIC of periodontopathogenic bacteria tested ranged from 250 μg · mL(-1) to 1,000 μg · mL(-1). Among the bacteria tested, decapeptide had a strong inhibitory effect on cariogenic S. mutans. Results of the time-kill kinetic studies showed that decapeptide reduced the viable counts of S. mutans by more than one order of magnitude after 20 min of incubation, and thoroughly killed S. mutans after 30 min. No viable cells could be detected after 24 h of incubation.
CONCLUSION
This study suggest that decapeptide might have potential clinical application in treating dental caries by killing S. mutans within dental plaque.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Kinetics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mouth; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 25665430
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2014.06.017 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2016Controlling and reducing the formation of pathogenic biofilm on tooth surface is the key to the prevention and treatment of the biofilm-associated oral diseases....
Controlling and reducing the formation of pathogenic biofilm on tooth surface is the key to the prevention and treatment of the biofilm-associated oral diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), considered as possible future alternatives for conventional antibiotics, have been extensively studied for the control of bacterial infection. Due to the rapid dilution and degradation by human saliva, AMP preparations designed for oral use with longer retention and higher efficacy are in urgent need. To this end, a hydroxyapatite (HAp)-binding antimicrobial peptide (HBAMP), which is based on the fusion of a specific HAp-binding heptapeptide (HBP7) domain and a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide (KSLW) domain, has been developed in our laboratory. HBAMP was supposed to form a contact-active antibacterial interface on tooth surface to inhibit the formation of biofilms. In this study, we investigated its binding behaviour, antibacterial activity against bacteria in both planktonic and sessile states, enzymatic stability in human saliva, and cytocompatibility to human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Our findings suggest that HBAMP could adsorb on tooth surface to provide effective antibacterial activity with improved retention. This study provides a proof-of-concept on using conjugated molecules to promote antibacterial efficacy by synergistically actions of HBAMP free in solution and bound on tooth surface.
Topics: Actinomyces viscosus; Amino Acid Sequence; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Biofilms; Cells, Cultured; Delayed-Action Preparations; Durapatite; Fibroblasts; Gingiva; Humans; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plankton; Protein Binding; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sanguis
PubMed: 27910930
DOI: 10.1038/srep38410 -
PloS One 2015Microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC) of metallic devices/implants in the oral region is one major cause of implant failure and metal allergy in patients. Therefore,...
Microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC) of metallic devices/implants in the oral region is one major cause of implant failure and metal allergy in patients. Therefore, it is crucial to develop practical approaches which can effectively prevent MIC for broad clinical applications of these materials. In the present work, tantalum nitride (TaN)-decorated titanium with promoted bio-corrosion and mechanical property was firstly developed via depositing TaN layer onto pure Ti using magnetron sputtering. The microstructure and chemical constituent of TaN coatings were characterized, and were found to consist of a hard fcc-TaN outer layer. Besides, the addition of TaN coatings greatly increased the hardness and modulus of pristine Ti from 2.54 ± 0.20 to 29.88 ± 2.59 GPa, and from 107.19 ± 6.98 to 295.46 ± 19.36 GPa, respectively. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies indicated that TaN coating exhibited higher MIC resistance in comparison to bare Ti and TiN-coated coating in two bacteria-containing artificial saliva solutions. Moreover, the biofilm experiment showed that the TaN-decorated Ti sample possessed good antibacterial performance. The SEM and XPS results after biofilm removal demonstrated that TaN film remained its integrity and stability, while TiN layer detached from Ti surface in the bio-corrosion tests, demonstrating the anti-MIC behavior and the strong binding property of TaN coating to Ti substrate. Considering all these results, TaN-decorated Ti material exhibits the optimal comprehensive performance and holds great potential as implant material for dental applications.
Topics: Actinomyces viscosus; Biofilms; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Corrosion; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Dielectric Spectroscopy; Elastic Modulus; Hardness; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nitrogen Compounds; Photoelectron Spectroscopy; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Streptococcus mutans; Stress, Mechanical; Surface Properties; Tantalum; Titanium
PubMed: 26107177
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130774