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Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Jan 2017Individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may develop symptoms and signs of disease (tuberculosis disease) or may have no clinical evidence of disease...
Official American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children.
BACKGROUND
Individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may develop symptoms and signs of disease (tuberculosis disease) or may have no clinical evidence of disease (latent tuberculosis infection [LTBI]). Tuberculosis disease is a leading cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet many questions related to its diagnosis remain.
METHODS
A task force supported by the American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America searched, selected, and synthesized relevant evidence. The evidence was then used as the basis for recommendations about the diagnosis of tuberculosis disease and LTBI in adults and children. The recommendations were formulated, written, and graded using the Grading, Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.
RESULTS
Twenty-three evidence-based recommendations about diagnostic testing for latent tuberculosis infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis are provided. Six of the recommendations are strong, whereas the remaining 17 are conditional.
CONCLUSIONS
These guidelines are not intended to impose a standard of care. They provide the basis for rational decisions in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the context of the existing evidence. No guidelines can take into account all of the often compelling unique individual clinical circumstances.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Child; Humans; Latent Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 28052967
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw778 -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva Jun 2016The scope of this study was to organize the knowledge produced on tuberculosis in Brazilian prisons in a systematic manner. A comprehensive review was conducted in the... (Review)
Review
The scope of this study was to organize the knowledge produced on tuberculosis in Brazilian prisons in a systematic manner. A comprehensive review was conducted in the Medline and Lilacs databases and the SciELO electronic library using the key words: "Tuberculosis," "Prisons" and "Brazil." Of the 61 records found, 33 were evaluated (28 duplicated records) and 21 included in the review (12 excluded according to the criteria adopted). These studies contribute effectively to improve the knowledge regarding the scale of the disease among inmates, as well as to the choice of screening and diagnostic methods most appropriate to the prison setting. The incidence rates and prevalence of active and latent tuberculosis are presented, in addition to data on the profile of drug and genotype susceptibility of the clinical results. Awareness of the data presented highlights the need to adopt measures aimed at case detection, treatment and follow-up. It is suggested that the new challenges for scientific research should be linked to the development of specific knowledge about dealing with the problem in an environment full of specificities such as a prison.
Topics: Brazil; Humans; Prisons; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 27383348
DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232015217.16172015 -
BMJ Case Reports Mar 2022SummaryHabitual cough suppression leading to non-tuberculous mycobacteria infections and bronchiectasis has been reported. We present a case of a 55-year-old woman with...
SummaryHabitual cough suppression leading to non-tuberculous mycobacteria infections and bronchiectasis has been reported. We present a case of a 55-year-old woman with a chronic history of cough with mild expectoration and frequent lower respiratory tract infections, remitting with antibiotic therapy and other supportive measures. She also reported habitual cough suppression for several years. She was eventually diagnosed with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) positive right middle lobe bronchiectasis-Lady Windermere syndrome and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), causing disabling symptoms limiting her daily activities. We aim to highlight two key issues-diagnosing MAC infections in a tuberculosis endemic country, and OSA and its long-term clinical implications.
Topics: Bronchiectasis; Cough; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
PubMed: 35256362
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246285 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Feb 2021
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Brevibacterium; Humans
PubMed: 33844798
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182021000100099 -
The Lancet. Public Health Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 36965975
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00063-4 -
Journal of Immunology Research 2015
Topics: BCG Vaccine; Humans; Latent Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 26345333
DOI: 10.1155/2015/857598 -
The International Journal of... Apr 2023TB affects around 10.6 million people each year and there are now around 155 million TB survivors. TB and its treatments can lead to permanently impaired health and...
TB affects around 10.6 million people each year and there are now around 155 million TB survivors. TB and its treatments can lead to permanently impaired health and wellbeing. In 2019, representatives of TB affected communities attending the '1 International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium´ called for the development of clinical guidance on these issues. This clinical statement on post-TB health and wellbeing responds to this call and builds on the work of the symposium, which brought together TB survivors, healthcare professionals and researchers. Our document offers expert opinion and, where possible, evidence-based guidance to aid clinicians in the diagnosis and management of post-TB conditions and research in this field. It covers all aspects of post-TB, including economic, social and psychological wellbeing, post TB lung disease (PTLD), cardiovascular and pericardial disease, neurological disability, effects in adolescents and children, and future research needs.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Tuberculosis; Health Personnel
PubMed: 37035971
DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0514 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Mar 2020Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in children and adolescents pose a diagnostic challenge due to sparse symptoms and clinical signs. Children are at a much higher risk than... (Review)
Review
Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in children and adolescents pose a diagnostic challenge due to sparse symptoms and clinical signs. Children are at a much higher risk than adults of progression to severe disease. In this review, the presentation and management of childhood TB is described. TB in children indicates ongoing transmission and is an indicator of failing disease control in the community. Tests suited to predict progression are warranted, and targeting latent infection is essential to achieve TB elimination. We recommend a low threshold for referral of children suspected of active or latent TB.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Humans; Latent Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 32138825
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatric Radiology Aug 2023Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major public health threats worldwide, despite improved diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Tuberculosis is one of the main causes... (Review)
Review
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major public health threats worldwide, despite improved diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Tuberculosis is one of the main causes of infectious disease in the chest and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in paediatric populations, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Due to the difficulty in obtaining microbiological confirmation of pulmonary TB in children, diagnosis often relies on a combination of clinical and radiological findings. The early diagnosis of central nervous system TB is challenging with presumptive diagnosis heavily reliant on imaging. Brain infection can present as a diffuse exudative basal leptomeningitis or as localised disease (tuberculoma, abscess, cerebritis). Spinal TB may present as radiculomyelitis, spinal tuberculoma or abscess or epidural phlegmon. Musculoskeletal manifestation accounts for 10% of extrapulmonary presentations but is easily overlooked with its insidious clinical course and non-specific imaging findings. Common musculoskeletal manifestations of TB include spondylitis, arthritis and osteomyelitis, while tenosynovitis and bursitis are less common. Abdominal TB presents with a triad of pain, fever and weight loss. Abdominal TB may occur in various forms, as tuberculous lymphadenopathy or peritoneal, gastrointestinal or visceral TB. Chest radiographs should be performed, as approximately 15% to 25% of children with abdominal TB have concomitant pulmonary infection. Urogenital TB is rare in children. This article will review the classic radiological findings in childhood TB in each of the major systems in order of clinical prevalence, namely chest, central nervous system, spine, musculoskeletal, abdomen and genitourinary system.
Topics: Child; Humans; Abscess; Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System; Tuberculoma; Diagnostic Imaging; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node
PubMed: 37217783
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05648-z -
Indian Pediatrics May 2017
Topics: Diphtheria; Diphtheria Toxin; Diphtheria Toxoid; Global Health; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; India
PubMed: 28601852
DOI: 10.1007/s13312-017-1115-1