-
PloS One 2023Adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the causal relationship between these adipokines...
Adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the causal relationship between these adipokines and the risk for RA is unclear. We performed a range of two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses to assess the causal effect of circulating adiponectin, leptin, and resistin on RA risk in European and East Asian individuals. Different sets of adiponectin-, leptin-, and resistin-related genetic variants were used as instruments for genetically determined adipokine levels. As body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for RA and affects adipokine levels, multivariable MR was used to calculate the causal effect of each adipokine on RA risk taking BMI into account. Several MR analyses revealed no evidence of a causal relationship between circulating adiponectin, leptin, or resistin levels and RA risk in either Europeans or East Asians. Similarly, multivariable MR did not provide evidence of any causal effect of adiponectin, leptin, or resistin on RA risk when taking BMI into account. This MR study shows for the first time that genetically determined levels of adiponectin, leptin, or resistin do not have a direct causal effect on the risk of developing RA after adjustment for BMI.
Topics: Humans; Adipokines; Leptin; Resistin; Adiponectin; Arthritis, Rheumatoid
PubMed: 37294817
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286981 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024The connection between body weight alterations and Alzheimer's disease highlights the intricate relationship between the brain and adipose tissue in the context of... (Review)
Review
The connection between body weight alterations and Alzheimer's disease highlights the intricate relationship between the brain and adipose tissue in the context of neurological disorders. During midlife, weight gain increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia, whereas in late life, weight gain becomes a protective factor. Despite their substantial impact on metabolism, the role of adipokines in the transition from healthy aging to neurological disorders remains largely unexplored. We aim to investigate how the adipose tissue milieu and the secreted adipokines are involved in the transition between biological and pathological aging, highlighting the bidirectional relationship between the brain and systemic metabolism. Understanding the function of these adipokines will allow us to identify biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease and uncover novel therapeutic options.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Adipokines; Adipose Tissue; Brain; Animals; Biomarkers; Aging
PubMed: 38892118
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115932 -
Chinese Medical Journal Aug 2023Sarcopenia is an age-related disease that mainly involves decreases in muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function. At the same time, the body fat content increases...
Sarcopenia is an age-related disease that mainly involves decreases in muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function. At the same time, the body fat content increases with aging, especially the visceral fat content. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes biologically active factors called adipokines, which act on local and distant tissues. Studies have revealed that some adipokines exert regulatory effects on muscle, such as higher serum leptin levels causing a decrease in muscle function and adiponectin inhibits the transcriptional activity of Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) by activating peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator -1α (PGC-1α) and sensitizing cells to insulin, thereby repressing atrophy-related genes (atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger 1 [MuRF1]) to prevent the loss of muscle mass. Here, we describe the effects on muscle of adipokines produced by adipose tissue, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, mucin and lipocalin-2, and discuss the importance of these adipokines for understanding the development of sarcopenia.
Topics: Humans; Adipokines; Leptin; Adiponectin; Sarcopenia; Muscles
PubMed: 37442757
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002255 -
Biomolecules Jul 2023Obesity, defined as the abnormal or excessive expansion of white adipose tissue, has reached pandemic proportions and is recognized as an important health concern since... (Review)
Review
Obesity, defined as the abnormal or excessive expansion of white adipose tissue, has reached pandemic proportions and is recognized as an important health concern since it is a common root for several comorbidities, including malignancies. Indeed, the current knowledge of the white adipose tissue, which shifts its role from an energy storage tissue to an important endocrine and metabolic organ, has opened up new avenues for the discovery of obesity's effects on tumor biology. In this review, we will report the epidemiological studies concerning the strong impact of obesity in several types of cancer and describe the mechanisms underlying the heterotypic signals between cancer cell lines and adipocytes, with particular emphasis on inflammation, the insulin/IGF-1 axis, and adipokines. Among the adipokines, we will further describe the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data concerning the role of leptin, recognized as one of the most important mediators of obesity-associated cancers. In fact, leptin physiologically regulates energy metabolism, appetite, and reproduction, and several studies have also described the role of leptin in affecting cancer development and progression. Finally, we will summarize the newest pharmacological strategies aimed at mitigating the protumorigenic effects of leptin, underlining their mechanisms of action.
Topics: Humans; Leptin; Adipose Tissue; Obesity; Adipokines; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37509120
DOI: 10.3390/biom13071084 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023
Topics: Humans; Adipokines; Leptin; Obesity; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38107522
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1340171 -
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology... 2023Diabetes is a long-term chronic disease, and cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), one of the cardiovascular complications... (Review)
Review
Diabetes is a long-term chronic disease, and cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), one of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, has many uncertain factors. Epicardial fat, as the heart fat bank, functions as fatty tissue and is the heart's endocrine organ. The existence of diabetes affects the distribution of heart fat and promotes the secretion of adipokine. In different pathological conditions, it can promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokine, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and even autophagy, thus affecting cardiac function. In this paper, we will elaborate on the mechanism of epicardial fat in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Adipose Tissue; Pericardium; Cardiovascular Diseases; Adipokines; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 36752345
DOI: 10.1177/10742484231151820 -
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and... Nov 2019Perivascular adipocytes residing in the vascular adventitia are recognized as distinct endocrine cells capable of responding to inflammatory stimuli and communicating... (Review)
Review
Perivascular adipocytes residing in the vascular adventitia are recognized as distinct endocrine cells capable of responding to inflammatory stimuli and communicating with the sympathetic nervous system and adjacent blood vessel cells, thereby releasing adipocytokines and other signaling mediators to maintain vascular homeostasis. Perivascular adipocytes exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity (both white and brown adipocytes) and become dysfunctional in conditions, such as diet-induced obesity, thus promoting vascular inflammation, vasoconstriction, and smooth muscle cell proliferation to potentially contribute to the development of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and aortic aneurysms. Although accumulating data have advanced our understanding of the role of perivascular adipocytes in modulating vascular function, their impact on vascular disease, particularly in humans, remains to be fully defined. This brief review will discuss the mechanisms whereby perivascular adipocytes regulate vascular disease, with a particular emphasis on recent findings and current limitations in the field of research.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipokines; Animals; Computed Tomography Angiography; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Obesity; Phenotype; Signal Transduction; Vascular Diseases; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation
PubMed: 31510794
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.312304 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2020This editorial aims to summarize the 19 scientific papers that contributed to the Special Issue "Adipokines 2" [...].
This editorial aims to summarize the 19 scientific papers that contributed to the Special Issue "Adipokines 2" [...].
Topics: Adipokines; Biomarkers; Healthy Lifestyle; Humans; Obesity
PubMed: 32013008
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030849 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jun 2021Adipokines are active molecules with pleiotropic effects produced by adipose tissue and involved in obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Arterial... (Review)
Review
Adipokines are active molecules with pleiotropic effects produced by adipose tissue and involved in obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness, which is a consequence of arteriosclerosis, has been shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of arterial stiffness is complex but incompletely understood. Adipokines dysregulation may induce, by various mechanisms, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular remodeling, leading to increased arterial stiffness. This article summarizes literature data regarding adipokine-related pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of arterial stiffness, particularly in obesity, as well as the results of clinical and epidemiological studies which investigated the relationship between adipokines and arterial stiffness.
Topics: Adipokines; Adipose Tissue; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Obesity; Vascular Stiffness
PubMed: 34202323
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070653 -
Current Opinion in Pharmacology Jun 2020Both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are considered as endocrine organs due to their ability to produce and secrete several bioactive peptides (e.g. myokines and... (Review)
Review
Both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are considered as endocrine organs due to their ability to produce and secrete several bioactive peptides (e.g. myokines and adipokines). Those bioactive molecules are well known for their capacity to influence whole-body homeostasis and alterations in their production/secretion are contributing to the development of various metabolic disorders. While it is well accepted that changes in the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota are associated with the onset of several pathological disorders (e.g. obesity, diabetes, and cancer), its contribution to the regulation of the myokine-adipokine profile and function remains largely unknown. This review will focus on myokines and adipokines with a special interest on their interaction with the gut microbiota.
Topics: Adipokines; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Exercise; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscle, Smooth; Myocardium
PubMed: 32388413
DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.03.006