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Frontiers in Immunology 2019Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that is increasingly being recognized as a disease that not only affects the skin but also has multi-systemic... (Review)
Review
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that is increasingly being recognized as a disease that not only affects the skin but also has multi-systemic implications. The pathophysiological link between psoriasis and obesity is becoming increasingly elucidated by recent studies. The cross-talk between adipocytes and the immune system via various mediators such as adipokines could explain how obesity contributes to psoriasis. The effects of obesity on adipocytes include upregulation of pro-inflammatory adipokines such as leptin and resistin, downregulation of anti-inflammatory adipokine, and also the stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages. This article provides an update on the role of adipose tissues in psoriasis.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipokines; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Fatty Acids; Humans; Obesity; Psoriasis; Skin
PubMed: 31316526
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01507 -
Disease Markers 2018
Topics: Adipokines; Biomarkers; Early Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Male; Prognosis
PubMed: 30402169
DOI: 10.1155/2018/5696815 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2021Adiponectin is an adipokine associated with the healthy obese phenotype. Adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity and has cardio and vascular protection actions.... (Review)
Review
Adiponectin is an adipokine associated with the healthy obese phenotype. Adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity and has cardio and vascular protection actions. Studies related to adiponectin, a modulator of the innate and acquired immunity response, have suggested a role of this molecule in asthma. Studies based on various asthma animal models and on the key cells involved in the allergic response have provided important insights about this relation. Some of them indicated protection and others reversed the balance towards negative effects. Many of them described the cellular pathways activated by adiponectin, which are potentially beneficial for asthma prevention or for reduction in the risk of exacerbations. However, conclusive proofs about their efficiency still need to be provided. In this article, we will, briefly, present the general actions of adiponectin and the epidemiological studies supporting the relation with asthma. The main focus of the current review is on the mechanisms of adiponectin and the impact on the pathobiology of asthma. From this perspective, we will provide arguments for and against the positive influence of this molecule in asthma, also indicating the controversies and sketching out the potential directions of research to complete the picture.
Topics: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Asthma; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Leptin; Obesity
PubMed: 34445677
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168971 -
Science Advances Dec 2022C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (CTRP9) is an adipokine and has high potential as a therapeutic target. However, the role of CTRP9 in cardiovascular disease...
C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (CTRP9) is an adipokine and has high potential as a therapeutic target. However, the role of CTRP9 in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis remains unclear. We found CTRP9 to induce HDAC7 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation via tight regulation of AMPK in vascular endothelial cells, leading to angiogenesis through increased activity. The expression of and atheroprotective was decreased in plaque tissue of atherosclerotic patients and the ventricle of post-infarction mice. CTRP9 treatment inhibited the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE KO and CTRP9 KO mice. In addition, CTRP9 induced significant ischemic injury prevention in the post-MI mice. Clinically, serum CTRP9 levels were reduced in patients with MI compared with healthy controls. In summary, CTRP9 induces a vasoprotective response via the AMPK/HDAC7/p38 MAPK pathway in vascular endothelial cells, whereas its absence can contribute to atherosclerosis and MI. Hence, CTRP9 may represent a valuable therapeutic target and biomarker in cardiovascular diseases.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Angiogenic Proteins; Adipokines; Complement C1q; Endothelial Cells; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Myocardial Infarction; Histone Deacetylases; Atherosclerosis; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Glycoproteins; Adiponectin
PubMed: 36459558
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0898 -
Cells Jan 2021Adipokines are adipose tissue-derived factors not only playing an important role in metabolism but also influencing other central processes of the body, such as... (Review)
Review
Adipokines are adipose tissue-derived factors not only playing an important role in metabolism but also influencing other central processes of the body, such as inflammation. In autoimmune diseases, adipokines are involved in inflammatory pathways affecting different cell types. Many rheumatic diseases belong to the group of autoimmune diseases, for example rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis. Due to the autoimmune responses, a chronic inflammatory milieu develops, which affects the whole body, including adipose tissue. Metabolic alterations such as obesity influence inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases. Adipokines are bioactive mediators mainly produced by adipose tissue. Due to alterations of systemic adipokine levels, their role as biomarkers with diagnostic potential has been suggested in the context of rheumatic diseases. In the affected joints of RA patients, different synoviocytes but also osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes produce several adipokines, contributing to the unique inflammatory microenvironment. Adipokines have been shown to be potent modulatory effectors on different cell types of the immune system but also local cells in synovial tissue, cartilage, and bone. This review highlights the most recent findings on the role of adipokines in the pathophysiology of inflammatory arthritis with a distinct focus on RA in the quickly developing research field.
Topics: Adipokines; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmunity; Humans; Inflammation; Models, Biological
PubMed: 33499006
DOI: 10.3390/cells10020216 -
Headache Apr 2016Migraine is comorbid with obesity. Recent research suggests an association between migraine and adipocytokines, proteins that are predominantly secreted from adipose... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Migraine is comorbid with obesity. Recent research suggests an association between migraine and adipocytokines, proteins that are predominantly secreted from adipose tissue and which participate in energy homeostasis and inflammatory processes.
OBJECTIVES
In this review, we first briefly discuss the association between migraine and obesity and the importance of adipose tissue as a neuroendocrine organ. We then present a systematic review of the extant literature evaluating circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin in those with migraine.
METHODS
A search of the PubMed database was conducted using the keywords "migraine," "adiponectin," and "leptin." In addition reference lists of relevant articles were reviewed for possible inclusion. English language studies published between 2005 and 2015 evaluating circulating blood concentration of adiponectin or leptin in those with migraine were included.
CONCLUSIONS
While the existing data are suggestive that adipokines may be associated with migraine, substantial study design differences and conflicting results limit definitive conclusions. Future research utilizing carefully considered designs and methodology is warranted. In particular careful and systematic characterization of pain states at the time of samples, as well as systematic consideration of demographic (e.g., age, sex) and other vital covariates (e.g., obesity status, lipids) are needed to determine if adipokines play a role in migraine pathophysiology and if any adipokine represents a viable, novel migraine biomarker, or drug target.
Topics: Adipokines; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Obesity
PubMed: 27012149
DOI: 10.1111/head.12788 -
Pathology Oncology Research : POR 2023Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic disorder characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Genetic and environmental factors are... (Review)
Review
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic disorder characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Genetic and environmental factors are contributed to the etiology of MM. Notably, studies have shown that obesity increases the risk of MM and worsens outcomes for MM patients. Adipokines play an important role in mediating the close association between MM and metabolic derangements. In this review, we summarize the epidemiologic studies to show that the risk of MM is increased in obese. Accumulating clinical evidence suggests that adipokines could display a correlation with MM. and studies have shown that adipokines are linked to MM, including roles in the biological behavior of MM cells, cancer-associated bone loss, the progression of MM, and drug resistance. Current and potential therapeutic strategies targeted to adipokines are discussed, proposing that adipokines can guide early patient diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Myeloma; Adipokines; Risk Factors; Obesity
PubMed: 37637774
DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611338 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jul 2023Dementia is a detrimental neuropathologic condition with considerable physical, mental, social, and financial impact on patients and society. Patients with metabolic... (Review)
Review
Dementia is a detrimental neuropathologic condition with considerable physical, mental, social, and financial impact on patients and society. Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), a group of diseases that occur in tandem and increase the risk of neurologic diseases, have a higher risk of dementia. The ratio between muscle and adipose tissue is crucial in MetS, as these contain many hormones, including myokines and adipokines, which are involved in crosstalk and local paracrine/autocrine interactions. Evidence suggests that abnormal adipokine and myokine synthesis and release may be implicated in various MetS, such as atherosclerosis, diabetic mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia, but their precise role is unclear. Here we review the literature on adipokine and myokine involvement in MetS-induced dementia via glucose and insulin homeostasis regulation, neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction, emotional changes, and cognitive function.
Topics: Humans; Adipokines; Metabolic Syndrome; Adipose Tissue; Muscle, Skeletal; Dementia
PubMed: 37150030
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114847 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Perivascular adipose tissue and the vessel wall are connected through intricate bidirectional paracrine and vascular secretory signaling pathways. The secretion of... (Review)
Review
Perivascular adipose tissue and the vessel wall are connected through intricate bidirectional paracrine and vascular secretory signaling pathways. The secretion of inflammatory factors and oxidative products by the vessel wall in the diseased segment has the ability to influence the phenotype of perivascular adipocytes. Additionally, the secretion of adipokines by perivascular adipose tissue exacerbates the inflammatory response in the diseased vessel wall. Therefore, quantitative and qualitative studies of perivascular adipose tissue are of great value in the context of vascular inflammation and may provide a reference for the assessment of cardiovascular ischemic disease.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Adipokines; Adipose Tissue; Adipocytes; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 37822930
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271051 -
The Review of Diabetic Studies : RDS 2015Adipose tissue secretes an abundance of proteins. Some of these proteins are known as adipokines and adipose-derived hormones which have been linked with metabolic... (Review)
Review
Adipose tissue secretes an abundance of proteins. Some of these proteins are known as adipokines and adipose-derived hormones which have been linked with metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, and even with cancer. Variance in serum adipokine concentration is often closely associated with an increase (obesity) or decrease (lipodystrophy) in fat tissue mass, and it is affected by age, gender, and localization of the adipose tissue. However, there may be genetic variants which, in consequence, influence the serum concentration of a certain adipokine, and thereby promote metabolic disturbances or, with regard to the "protective" allele, exert beneficial effects. This review focuses on the genetic determination of serum levels of the following adipokines: adiponectin, chemerin, leptin, progranulin, resistin, retinol binding protein 4, vaspin, adipsin, apelin, and omentin. The article reports on the latest findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene studies, showing variants located in/nearby the adipokine genes and other (non-receptor) genes. An extra chapter highlights adipokine-receptor variants. Epigenetic studies on adipokines are also addressed.
Topics: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Leptin; Obesity
PubMed: 26859657
DOI: 10.1900/RDS.2015.12.277