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Nutricion Hospitalaria Jun 2016Adiponectin, an adipocyte derived peptide, has anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects, and improves insulin sensitivity. However, little is known about dietary...
INTRODUCTION
Adiponectin, an adipocyte derived peptide, has anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects, and improves insulin sensitivity. However, little is known about dietary predictors and their interactions with lifestyle on adiponectin concentrations, in apparently healthy young adults.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the associations between plasma concentrations of adiponectin with dietary components and lifestyle in apparently healthy young adults.
METHODS
Anthropometric and body composition, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, diet and lifestyle data of 157 healthy young adults, aged 18 and 35, were collected and analyzed. Blood samples were collected after fasting for 12 hours to determine adiponectin concentrations. Dietary and anthropometric indexes were calculated and analyzed.
RESULTS
Adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher for women compared to men; and there was an indirect and significant correlation between adiponectin concentrations with BMI. There was a significant association between adiponectin concentrations with the healthy eating index, calories, lipids, proteins, fibers, riboflavin, and phosphorus, among others; and a tendency with carbohydrates and niacin. In multiple linear regression analysis, fiber and riboflavin (r2 = 0.0928; p = 0.0013) and carbohydrates and phosphorus were associated with the concentrations of adiponectin. The association with carbohydrates and phosphorus suffered interaction with gender (r2 = 0.2400; p < 0.0001), as well as the association with phosphorus also suffered interaction with physical activity (r2 = 0.1275; p = 0.0003).
CONCLUSION
Plasma concentrations of adiponectin, in healthy young adults, seem to be modulated by components of diet depending on gender and physical activity.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adolescent; Adult; Body Composition; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Sex Characteristics; Young Adult
PubMed: 27513491
DOI: 10.20960/nh.264 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2019Pulmonary hypertension is an umbrella term including many different disorders causing an increase of the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥ 25 mmHg. Recent data... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary hypertension is an umbrella term including many different disorders causing an increase of the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥ 25 mmHg. Recent data revealed a strong association between obesity and pulmonary hypertension. Adiponectin is a protein synthetized by the adipose tissue with pleiotropic effects on inflammation and cell proliferation, with a potential protective role on the pulmonary vasculature. Both in vivo and in vitro studies documented that adiponectin is an endogenous modulator of NO production and interferes with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κβ) signaling preventing endothelial dysfunction and proliferation. Furthermore, adiponectin ameliorates insulin resistance by mediating the biological effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ). Therefore, adiponectin modulation emerged as a theoretical target for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, currently under investigation. Recently, consistent data showed that hypoglycemic agents targeting PPARγ as well as renin⁻angiotensin system inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor blockers may influence pulmonary hemodynamics in different models of pulmonary hypertension.
Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Biomarkers; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Obesity; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 30791536
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040912 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Lifestyle changes have led to increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD); therefore, potential targets against CVD should be explored to mitigate its risks.... (Review)
Review
Lifestyle changes have led to increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD); therefore, potential targets against CVD should be explored to mitigate its risks. Adiponectin (APN), an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, has numerous beneficial effects against CVD related to glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, including regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, increasing insulin sensitivity, reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation, protection of myocardial cells, and improvement in endothelial cell function. These effects demonstrate the anti-atherosclerotic and antihypertensive properties of APN, which could aid in improving myocardial hypertrophy, and reducing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and myocardial infarction. APN can also be used for diagnosing and predicting heart failure. This review summarizes and discusses the role of APN in the treatment of CVD related to glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, and explores future APN research directions and clinical application prospects. Future studies should elucidate the signaling pathway network of APN cardiovascular protective effects, which will facilitate clinical trials targeting APN for CVD treatment in a clinical setting.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Adiponectin; Glucose; Lipid Metabolism; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Lipid Metabolism Disorders
PubMed: 36555264
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415627 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2019Adiponectin regulates metabolism through blood glucose control and fatty acid oxidation, partly mediated by downstream effects of adiponectin signaling in skeletal... (Review)
Review
Adiponectin regulates metabolism through blood glucose control and fatty acid oxidation, partly mediated by downstream effects of adiponectin signaling in skeletal muscle. More recently, skeletal muscle has been identified as a source of adiponectin expression, fueling interest in the role of adiponectin as both a circulating adipokine and a locally expressed paracrine/autocrine factor. In addition to being metabolically responsive, skeletal muscle functional capacity, calcium handling, growth and maintenance, regenerative capacity, and susceptibility to chronic inflammation are all strongly influenced by adiponectin stimulation. Furthermore, physical exercise has clear links to adiponectin expression and circulating concentrations in healthy and diseased populations. Greater physical activity is generally related to higher adiponectin expression while lower adiponectin levels are found in inactive obese, pre-diabetic, and diabetic populations. Exercise training typically restores plasma adiponectin and is associated with improved insulin sensitivity. Thus, the role of adiponectin signaling in skeletal muscle has expanded beyond that of a metabolic regulator to include several aspects of skeletal muscle function and maintenance critical to muscle health, many of which are responsive to, and mediated by, physical exercise.
Topics: Adiponectin; Autophagy; Exercise; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Regeneration
PubMed: 30934678
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071528 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Feb 2020Adiponectin is a highly abundant protein hormone secreted by adipose tissue. It elicits diverse biological responses, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory,...
Adiponectin is a highly abundant protein hormone secreted by adipose tissue. It elicits diverse biological responses, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. Adiponectin consists of a globular domain and a collagen-like domain, and it occurs in three major oligomeric forms that self-assemble: trimers, hexamers, and high-molecular-weight oligomers. Adiponectin has been reported to bind to two seven-transmembrane domain receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, as well as to the protein T-cadherin, which is highly expressed in the cardiovascular system and binds only the high-molecular-weight form of adiponectin. The molecular mechanisms underlying this specificity remain unclear. Here we used a combination of X-ray crystallography and protein engineering to define the details of adiponectin's interaction with T-cadherin. We found that T-cadherin binds to the globular domain of adiponectin, relying on structural stabilization of this domain by bound metal ions. Moreover, we show that the adiponectin globular domain can be engineered to enhance its binding affinity for T-cadherin. These results help to define the molecular basis for the interaction between adiponectin and T-cadherin, and our engineered globular domain variants may be useful tools for further investigating adiponectin's functions.
Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Binding Sites; Cadherins; Crystallography, X-Ray; Humans; Protein Binding; Protein Engineering; Protein Multimerization
PubMed: 31915248
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.010970 -
Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental Sep 2014
Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Aging; Autoimmunity; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Models, Biological; Mortality; Obesity; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 25038728
DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.06.011 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2021Deregulation of adiponectin is found in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). Its expression is downregulated by various inflammatory mediators, but... (Review)
Review
Deregulation of adiponectin is found in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). Its expression is downregulated by various inflammatory mediators, but paradoxically, elevated serum levels are present in SARDs with high inflammatory components, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Circulating adiponectin is positively associated with radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis as well as with cardiovascular risks and lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus. However, in SARDs with less prominent inflammation, such as systemic sclerosis, adiponectin levels are low and correlate negatively with disease activity. Regulators of adiponectin gene expression (PPAR-γ, Id3, ATF3, and SIRT1) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α) are differentially expressed in SARDs and could therefore influence total adiponectin levels. In addition, anti-inflammatory therapy could also have an impact, as tocilizumab treatment is associated with increased serum adiponectin. However, anti-tumor necrosis factor α treatment does not seem to affect its levels. Our review provides an overview of studies on adiponectin levels in the bloodstream and other biological samples from SARD patients and presents some possible explanations why adiponectin is deregulated in the context of therapy and gene regulation.
Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Cytokines; Humans; Models, Biological; Rheumatic Diseases; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 33920997
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084095 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2020Animal and human mechanistic studies have consistently shown an association between obesity and Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD, a degenerative brain disease, is the most... (Review)
Review
Animal and human mechanistic studies have consistently shown an association between obesity and Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD, a degenerative brain disease, is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles disposition. Some studies have recently demonstrated that Aβ and tau cannot fully explain the pathophysiological development of AD and that metabolic disease factors, such as insulin, adiponectin, and antioxidants, are important for the sporadic onset of nongenetic AD. Obesity prevention and treatment can be an efficacious and safe approach to AD prevention. Adiponectin is a benign adipokine that sensitizes the insulin receptor signaling pathway and suppresses inflammation. It has been shown to be inversely correlated with adipose tissue dysfunction and may enhance the risk of AD because a range of neuroprotection adiponectin mechanisms is related to AD pathology alleviation. In this study, we summarize the recent progress that addresses the beneficial effects and potential mechanisms of adiponectin in AD. Furthermore, we review recent studies on the diverse medications of adiponectin that could possibly be related to AD treatment, with a focus on their association with adiponectin. A better understanding of the neuroprotection roles of adiponectin will help clarify the precise underlying mechanism of AD development and progression.
Topics: Adiponectin; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents; Obesity
PubMed: 32899357
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176419 -
Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) May 2021Adiponectin, an adipokine that circulates as multiple multimeric complexes at high levels in serum, has antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, and... (Review)
Review
Adiponectin, an adipokine that circulates as multiple multimeric complexes at high levels in serum, has antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, and cardioprotective properties. Understanding the mechanisms regulating adiponectin's physiological effects is likely to provide critical insight into the development of adiponectin-based therapeutics to treat various metabolic-related diseases. In this review, we summarize our current understanding on adiponectin action in its various target tissues and in cellular models. We also focus on recent advances in two particular regulatory aspects; namely, the regulation of adiponectin gene expression, multimerization, and secretion, as well as extravasation of circulating adiponectin to the interstitial space and its degradation. Finally, we discuss some potential therapeutic approaches using adiponectin as a target and the current challenges facing adiponectin-based therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Adiponectin; Humans
PubMed: 33904786
DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00031.2020 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Psoriasis is a chronic and immune-mediated skin condition characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokines and keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Dendritic cells, T... (Review)
Review
Psoriasis is a chronic and immune-mediated skin condition characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokines and keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and keratinocytes represent the main cell subtypes involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, while the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/IL-17 pathway enhances the disease progression. Human adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, which secretes multiple proteins, known as adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, or resistin. Current evidence highlights the immunomodulatory roles of adipokines, which may contribute to the progression or suppression of psoriasis. A better understanding of the complexity of psoriasis pathophysiology linked with adipokines could result in developing novel diagnostic or therapeutic strategies. This review aims to present the pathogenesis of psoriasis and the roles of adipokines in this process.
Topics: Humans; Adipokines; Leptin; Psoriasis; Resistin; Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue
PubMed: 37047363
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076390