-
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2019Despite its high prevalence in clinical and consultant liaison psychiatry populations, adjustment disorder research has traditionally been hindered by its lack of clear... (Review)
Review
Despite its high prevalence in clinical and consultant liaison psychiatry populations, adjustment disorder research has traditionally been hindered by its lack of clear diagnostic criteria. However, with the greater diagnostic clarity provided in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - fifth edition (DSM-5) and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 11th edition (ICD-11), adjustment disorder has been increasingly recognised as an area of research interest. This paper evaluates the commonalities and differences between the ICD-11 and DSM-5 concepts of adjustment disorder and reviews the current state of knowledge regarding its symptom profile, course, assessment, and treatment. In doing so, it identifies the gaps in our understanding of adjustment disorder and discusses future directions for research.
Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; International Classification of Diseases
PubMed: 31315203
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142537 -
Acta Clinica Croatica Sep 2018- The purpose of the present study was to examine the association among the risk of eating disorder (ED), psychological adjustment, empathy, attachment style and...
- The purpose of the present study was to examine the association among the risk of eating disorder (ED), psychological adjustment, empathy, attachment style and thin-ideal internalization among adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN), as compared to a healthy control (HC) group. The Questionnaire of General Data, the Eating Disorders Inventory-3 (EDI-3), the Questionnaire of Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance-3 (SATAQ-3), the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) and the Basic Empathy Scale (BES) were administered to 35 female adolescents with AN and 35 HC adolescents. Eating disorder risk was found to be highest in AN females with higher levels of general psychological maladjustment (GPMC), followed by HC females with higher thin-ideal internalization. In the AN group, attachment style and thin-ideal internalization in combination with GPMC were not indicated as significant predictors of eating disorder risk. Study data provide support to conceptualizations of EDs that emphasize the role of general psychological maladjustment in the development of EDs.
Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Body Image; Croatia; Emotional Adjustment; Empathy; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31168171
DOI: 10.20471/acc.2018.57.03.01 -
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology Nov 2021Patients with vitiligo experience reduced quality of life.
BACKGROUND
Patients with vitiligo experience reduced quality of life.
OBJECTIVE
To comprehensively describe the available evidence for psychosocial burden in vitiligo.
METHODS
A systematic review of observational studies and clinical trials identified using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane databases was performed through 1 March, 2021, to assess psychosocial comorbidities in vitiligo. Two independent reviewers performed an assessment of articles and extracted data for qualitative synthesis.
RESULTS
Included studies (N = 168) were published between 1979 and 1 March, 2021; 72.6% were published since 2010. Disorders including or related to depression (41 studies, 0.1-62.3%) and anxiety (20 studies, 1.9-67.9%) were the most commonly reported. The most prevalent psychosocial comorbidities were feelings of stigmatization (eight studies, 17.3-100%), adjustment disorders (12 studies, 4-93.9%), sleep disturbance (seven studies, 4.6-89.0%), relationship difficulties including sexual dysfunction (ten studies, 2.0-81.8%), and avoidance or restriction behavior (12.5-76%). The prevalence of most psychosocial comorbidities was significantly higher vs healthy individuals. Factors associated with a significantly higher burden included female sex, visible or genital lesions, age < 30 years (particularly adolescents), and greater body surface area involvement, among others. The most commonly reported patient coping strategy was lesion concealment.
LIMITATIONS
Available studies were heterogeneous and often had limited details; additionally, publication bias is possible.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this systematic review show that vitiligo greatly affects psychosocial well-being. The extent of psychosocial comorbidities supports the use of multidisciplinary treatment strategies and education to address the vitiligo-associated burden of disease.
PROTOCOL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42020162223).
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adjustment Disorders; Age Factors; Body Surface Area; Clinical Trials as Topic; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Male; Observational Studies as Topic; Personality Disorders; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Social Stigma; Vitiligo
PubMed: 34554406
DOI: 10.1007/s40257-021-00631-6 -
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2018Adjustment disorder (AjD) is among the most often diagnosed mental disorders in clinical practice. This paper reviews current status of AjD research and discusses... (Review)
Review
Adjustment disorder (AjD) is among the most often diagnosed mental disorders in clinical practice. This paper reviews current status of AjD research and discusses scientific and clinical issues associated with AjD. AjD has been included in diagnostic classifications for over 50 years. Still, the diagnostic criteria for AjD remain vague and cause difficulties to mental health professionals. Controversies in definition resulted in the lack of reliable and valid measures of AjD. Epidemiological data on prevalence of AjD is scarce and not reliable because prevalence data are biased by the diagnostic algorithm, which is usually developed for each study, as no established diagnostic standards for AjD are available. Considerable changes in the field of AjD could follow after the release of the 11th edition of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). A new AjD symptom profile was introduced in ICD-11 with 2 main symptoms as follows: 1) preoccupation and 2) failure to adapt. However, differences between the , Fifth Edition and ICD-11 AjD diagnostic criteria could result in diverse research findings in the future. The best treatment approach for AjD remains unclear, and further treatment studies are needed to provide AjD treatment guidelines to clinicians.
PubMed: 29416339
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S121072 -
Australian Family Physician Jun 2015Childhood migraines create a significant health burden and are probably under-diagnosed and treated. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Childhood migraines create a significant health burden and are probably under-diagnosed and treated.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this article is to offer a systematic approach to the management of migraine.
DISCUSSION
A systematic approach to the presentation of migraines in children can help to alleviate parental and physician anxiety and allow for an accurate diagnosis. Treatment is multifactorial but pharmacological intervention should certainly play a role along with adjustment of environmental factors and addressing possible underlying psychosocial factors. Referral to a general practitioner (GP) with specialist interests, paediatrician, adolescent physician or neurologist may be appropriate. In extreme circumstances, referral to the emergency department is a reasonable option to allow aggressive abortive treatments, but ongoing management should be coordinated through the GP.
Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics; Child; Headache; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Recurrence; Tryptamines
PubMed: 26209983
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2020Preterm birth is associated with a significantly increased risk for childhood and adolescent psychopathology relative to full-term birth, with an inverse relationship... (Review)
Review
Preterm birth is associated with a significantly increased risk for childhood and adolescent psychopathology relative to full-term birth, with an inverse relationship between gestational age at birth and later risk for psychopathology. The manifestation of symptomatology and comorbidity profiles of emotional and behavioral adjustment problems in this high-risk group have been shown to be distinct from the broader pediatric population. Acknowledging these differences, a preterm behavioral phenotype has been proposed and increasingly recognized, highlighting the unique, frequent co-occurrence of symptomatology associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and anxiety disorders. The current state-of-the-art review provides a comprehensive characterization of this phenotype to date and further highlights key knowledge gaps primarily regarding the evolution of symptoms, co-occurrence of disorders and/or symptomatology within the phenotype, and associations of the phenotype with chronological age and degree of prematurity.
PubMed: 32269532
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00154 -
Pediatric Transplantation Nov 2014As survival rates for pediatric solid organ transplantation have continued to improve, researchers and healthcare providers have increasingly focused on understanding... (Review)
Review
As survival rates for pediatric solid organ transplantation have continued to improve, researchers and healthcare providers have increasingly focused on understanding and enhancing the HRQOL and psychosocial functioning of their patients. This manuscript reviews the psychosocial functioning of pediatric transplant recipients during the "later years," defined as more than three yr post-transplant, and focuses on the day-to-day impact of living with a transplant after the immediate period of adjustment and early years after surgery. Key topics reviewed include HRQOL, cognitive functioning, impact on the family, regimen adherence, and transition of responsibility for self-management tasks. Overall, pediatric transplant recipients evidence impairment in HRQOL, neuropsychological outcomes, and family functioning as compared to non-transplant recipients. However, the degree of impairment is influenced by a variety of factors including, disease severity, age, solid organ type, and study methodologies. Studies are limited by small samples, cross-sectional design, and the lack of universal assessment battery to allow for comparisons across solid organ populations. Areas for future research are discussed.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Cognition Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Postoperative Complications; Quality of Life; Transplantation; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25220845
DOI: 10.1111/petr.12366 -
Annals of Palliative Medicine Jan 2021Cancer patients often suffer from psychiatric disorders as a result of their disease and its treatment. Rates of depression, anxiety, adjustment, and post-traumatic... (Review)
Review
Cancer patients often suffer from psychiatric disorders as a result of their disease and its treatment. Rates of depression, anxiety, adjustment, and post-traumatic stress disorders are particularly high for individuals with cancer and differentiating between these conditions is important for providing both appropriate and high-quality care. Patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors are particularly susceptible to psychiatric morbidities as a result of direct neuropsychiatric effects from the tumor itself, as well as psychological distress stemming from their diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment. However, these morbidities are often underdiagnosed, misdiagnosed, and undertreated. Many tools exist for screening, diagnosing, and treating psychiatric disorders in brain tumor patients, and palliative care settings are well suited to both identify and treat psychiatric disorders in brain tumor patients. This review summarizes our current knowledge of psychiatric disorders in patients in patients with brain tumors, highlights the susceptibility of brain tumor patients to psychiatric conditions, provides recommendations for differentiating and treating these conditions, and emphasizes the need for further research. The goal of this review is to inform healthcare providers of the opportunities to address psychiatric morbidities in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors, particularly in palliative care settings, and identify areas in need of additional research.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Brain Neoplasms; Depression; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 32692231
DOI: 10.21037/apm-20-509