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The Open Microbiology Journal 2017and are relatively newcomers and emerging organisms in clinical and microbiological practice. Both species have worldwide been associated with urinary tract...
BACKGROUND
and are relatively newcomers and emerging organisms in clinical and microbiological practice. Both species have worldwide been associated with urinary tract infections. More rarely cases of bacteremia/septicemia and infective endocarditis have been reported. Treatment options are therefore important. Just recently, European recommendations on susceptibility testing and interpretive criteria have been released.
OBJECTIVE
In this investigation 120 and isolates were tested for susceptibility to six antimicrobial agents: Penicillin, cefotaxime, meropenem, vancomycin, linezolid, and rifampicin.
METHODS
Three susceptibility testing methods were used; disk diffusion according to The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standardized disk diffusion methodology and MIC determination with Etest and broth microdilution (BMD). All testing was performed with EUCAST media for fastidious organisms.
RESULTS
Data obtained in this study were part of the background data for establishing EUCAST breakpoints. MIC values obtained by Etest and BMD were well correlated with disk diffusion results.
CONCLUSION
All isolates were found susceptible to all six antimicrobial agents: penicillin, cefotaxime, meropenem, vancomycin, linezolid, and rifampicin.
PubMed: 29151992
DOI: 10.2174/1874285801711010160 -
Cancer Medicine Dec 2022High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is a key factor that alters cervicovaginal microbiota patterns and causes cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) or...
BACKGROUND
High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is a key factor that alters cervicovaginal microbiota patterns and causes cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) or even cervical cancer. Although local excisional treatment can clear hrHPV infection and restore the cervicovaginal microbiota, it is unclear which cervicovaginal microbiota represents recovery. Our objective was to describe the cervicovaginal microbiota before and after treatments and to assess the association between the microbiota and HPV persistence.
RESULTS
A cohort of 91 participants was classified into four groups (healthy control women and HPV16-infected women with CIN I, CIN II/III, and squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]). Endocervical swabs were collected 3 months prior to treatment and at 3 months post-treatment for bacterial 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and for HPV DNA testing. There was an increase in the number of Lactobacillus bacterial species present after the clinical treatments, and the community state type (CST) profiles were shifted from dysbiotic CSTs II and IV to Lactobacillus-dominated CSTs I and III. Specifically, the composition of Geobacter and Prevotella before treatment and Lactobacillus secaliphilus after treatment might have been related to CIN I, the composition of Burkholderia before treatment and Lactobacillus iners after treatment might have been related to CIN II/III, and the composition of Atopobium and Aerococcus before treatment and Bacilli after treatment might have been related to SCC. Further functional predictions revealed that the composition differences were linked to infectious disease- and cancer-related genes.
CONCLUSION
Our study provides an illustration of the changes in CSTs and the cervicovaginal microbiota before and after HPV16 clearance in each disease state.
Topics: Humans; Female; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Human papillomavirus 16; Papillomavirus Infections; Vagina; Microbiota
PubMed: 35569127
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4801 -
Digestive and Liver Disease : Official... Nov 2023Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with imbalance of gut microbiome, indicating participation of gut environment in hepatic health status. Therefore,...
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with imbalance of gut microbiome, indicating participation of gut environment in hepatic health status. Therefore, modulating gut environment via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising therapeutic procedure for NASH patients. However, the effect and mechanism of the FMT remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the gut-liver axis to understand the FMT-mediated hepatic improvement in NASH. Feces from specific pathogen free mice were infused allogeneically into gastrointestinal tract of mice fed with high fat, high cholesterol and fructose (HFHCF), resulting in suppressing hepatic pathogenic events, featured by decreasing inflammatory and fibrotic mediators. The FMT elevated NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a key transcription factor that regulates antioxidant enzymes, in livers. The HFHCF-induced NASH increased intestinal permeability with abundant Facklamia and Aerococcus, an imbalanced gut environment that was significantly improved by the FMT, characterized with restoration of intestinal barrier function and an enrichment of Clostridium. Notably, the gut environment created by FMT was inferred to produce metabolites from the aromatic biogenic amine degradation pathway, specifically 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA), which is known to ameliorate liver injury. We suggest that gut-derived molecules, related to hepatic improvement such as 4-HPA are the potential therapeutic agents for preventing and treating NASH.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Oxidative Stress; Inflammation
PubMed: 37380586
DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.06.015 -
Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical... 2022is an alpha-hemolytic, gram-positive coccus that is responsible for 54/1,000,000 cases of all urinary tract infections. Risk factors include male gender, advanced age,...
is an alpha-hemolytic, gram-positive coccus that is responsible for 54/1,000,000 cases of all urinary tract infections. Risk factors include male gender, advanced age, and genitourinary tract abnormalities. It has often been misidentified as or due to its morphological similarities. Fewer than 50 cases of infective endocarditis have been reported, most affecting the mitral or aortic valve. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with recurrent fevers and worsening dyspnea on exertion and was found to have bacteremia. A transesophageal echocardiogram showed evidence of moderate tricuspid valve regurgitation and vegetations involving its posterior and septal leaflets. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous penicillin G for 6 weeks. She was not deemed a candidate for cardiac surgery.
PubMed: 35754564
DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2022.2054042 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Jul 2021Periodontitis, one of the most common oral disorders in sheep, is caused by a mixed and opportunistic microbiota that severely affects the health and welfare of...
Periodontitis, one of the most common oral disorders in sheep, is caused by a mixed and opportunistic microbiota that severely affects the health and welfare of animals. However, little is known about the ecological processes involved and the composition of the microbiota associated with the development of the disease. Using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and network analysis it would be possible to discriminate the microbiomes of clinically healthy sheep and those with periodontitis and possibly identify the key microorganisms associated with the disease. The present study aimed to characterise the composition of dental microbiomes and bacterial co-occurrence networks in clinically healthy sheep and animals with periodontitis. Dental biofilm samples were collected from ten sheep with periodontitis and ten clinically healthy animals. Bacteria were identified using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The most prevalent genera in the dental microbiota of sheep with periodontitis were , , and . In clinically healthy animals, the most significant genera were unclassified and was found at high prevalence in the microbiomes of both groups. The dental microbiota of sheep in the two clinical conditions presented different profiles and the diversity and richness of bacteria was greater in the diseased animals. Network analyses showed the presence of a large number of antagonistic interactions between bacteria in the dental microbiota of animals with periodontitis, indicating the occurrence of a dysbiotic community. Through the interrelationships, members of the genus are likely to be key pathogens, both in the dental microbiota of healthy animals and those with periodontitis. stood out among the top three nodes with more centrality and the largest number of hubs in the networks of animals with periodontitis. The dental biofilm microbiota associated with ovine periodontitis is dysbiotic and with significant antagonistic interactions, which discriminates healthy animals from diseased animals and highlights the importance of key bacteria, such as , , and species.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Biofilms; Ecology; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Microbiota; Periodontitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sheep
PubMed: 34313584
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001396 -
BMC Microbiology Oct 2020Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), defined as diarrhea that occurs in association with the administration of antibiotics and without another clear etiology, is one of...
BACKGROUND
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), defined as diarrhea that occurs in association with the administration of antibiotics and without another clear etiology, is one of the most common adverse drug events of antibiotics therapy. We established a diarrhea model induced by gentamycin and cefradine to investigate the microbiota characteristics in the intestinal lumen of mice with AAD and provide insights into noteworthy bacteria related to gentamicin and cefradine-associated diarrhea.
RESULTS
The number of OTUs in the model group and the normal group was 983 and 2107, respectively, and 872 identical OTUs were shared between two groups. Species richness and species diversity of intestinal microbe were altered by antibiotics administration. PCoA showed a clear separation between AAD and health control. The dominant phyla of AAD mice were Firmicutes (52.63%) and Proteobacteria (46.37%). Among the genus with top 20 abundance, the relative abundance of 7 genera, Ruminococcus, Blautia, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus, and Aerococcus, were enriched in the model group. Based upon the LEfSe analysis, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, and Blautia were identified as potential biomarkers for AAD.
CONCLUSIONS
The bacterial diversity of the intestinal lumen was diminished after gentamicin and cefradine administration. The alterations in the abundance and composition of gut microbiota further led to the dysfunction of gut microbiota. More specifically, gentamicin and cefradine significantly increased the abundance of the opportunistic pathogens, of which Enterococcus and Clostridium were the most prominent and most worthy of attention.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Mice; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 33059603
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01999-x -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. After studying 602 unvaccinated Chinese women using 16S rRNA to detect...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. After studying 602 unvaccinated Chinese women using 16S rRNA to detect cervical-vaginal microecology, we analyzed the relationship between HPV infection and vaginal microecology including 20 HPV types. In Chinese women, dominated and dominated clusters were significantly absence. Microbial alpha diversity was significantly higher in HPV-infected and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)-diagnosed groups than in healthy control group. Certain bacteria were associated with HPV infection and CIN, including , , , , , and With the development of disease, the proportions of community state type III (CST-III) and CST-IV-B gradually increased, whereas the proportions of CST-I and CST-IV-A gradually decreased. In addition, age was an influential factor for HPV infection. With aging, the probability of HPV infection and the proportion of CST-IV-B increase. In conclusion, our study was a large cross-sectional study that evaluated the relationship between vaginal microbiota and HPV infection, and brought essential comparable data.
Topics: China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Papillomavirus Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vagina
PubMed: 35800384
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.814668 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Using pooled vaginal microbiota data from pregnancy cohorts (N = 683 participants) in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, we...
Using pooled vaginal microbiota data from pregnancy cohorts (N = 683 participants) in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, we analyzed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences to identify clinical and demographic host factors that associate with vaginal microbiota structure in pregnancy both within and across diverse cohorts. Using PERMANOVA models, we assessed factors associated with vaginal community structure in pregnancy, examined whether host factors were conserved across populations, and tested the independent and combined effects of host factors on vaginal community state types (CSTs) using multinomial logistic regression models. Demographic and social factors explained a larger amount of variation in the vaginal microbiome in pregnancy than clinical factors. After adjustment, lower education, rather than self-identified race, remained a robust predictor of L. iners dominant (CST III) and diverse (CST IV) (OR = 8.44, 95% CI = 4.06-17.6 and OR = 4.18, 95% CI = 1.88-9.26, respectively). In random forest models, we identified specific taxonomic features of host factors, particularly urogenital pathogens associated with pregnancy complications (Aerococcus christensenii and Gardnerella spp.) among other facultative anaerobes and key markers of community instability (L. iners). Sociodemographic factors were robustly associated with vaginal microbiota structure in pregnancy and should be considered as sources of variation in human microbiome studies.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Vagina; Microbiota; Adult; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Cohort Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 38782975
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62537-7 -
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Oct 2020This study presents trends in organism isolation and antimicrobial resistance in routine microbiology test results from acute-care hospital microbiology laboratories in...
OBJECTIVE
This study presents trends in organism isolation and antimicrobial resistance in routine microbiology test results from acute-care hospital microbiology laboratories in Vermont.
METHODS
Organism identifications and antimicrobial susceptibility test results were captured from acute-care hospital laboratories to monitor geographic and temporal trends in resistance and emerging microbial threats with the free WHONET software.
RESULTS
Data were provided from 12 acute care hospital laboratories from 2011 through 2018 for 318,833 isolates from 148,994 patients (70% female, 74% outpatient, and 63% urine). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in age, gender, and antimicrobial susceptibility results (e.g. and levofloxacin) between outpatient and inpatient isolates were identified with temporal increases in certain species (e.g. ) and resistance (e.g. and erythromycin). The use of multi-resistance phenotypes demonstrated significant heterogeneity (p < 0.05) in MRSA strains between facilities, for example resistant to six priority antimicrobials were found in no critical access hospitals (fewer than 25 inpatient beds) but in all non-critical access hospitals.
CONCLUSIONS
Comprehensive electronic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance utilizing routine clinical microbiology data with free software tools offers early recognition and tracking of emerging community and healthcare resistance threats at the local and state level.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Population Surveillance; Vermont; Young Adult
PubMed: 32552054
DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1776114 -
Microorganisms Nov 2021The investigation of bacterial microbiota represents a developing research field in veterinary medicine intended to look for correlations between animal health and the...
The investigation of bacterial microbiota represents a developing research field in veterinary medicine intended to look for correlations between animal health and the balance within bacterial populations. The aim of the present work was to define the bacterial microbiota of the oral cavity of healthy sows, which had not been thoroughly described so far. In total, 22 samples of oral fluid were collected and analyzed by 16S-rRNA gene sequencing. CLC Genomics Workbench 20.0 (QIAGEN Digital Insights, Aarhus, Denmark) was then used to examine the results. The predominant orders were Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, and Corynebacteriales. Lactobacillaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Aerococcaceae, and Staphylococcaceae were the most represented families. As regards the most abundant genera, , , , , , , and can be pointed out as the bacterial core microbiota. Sows were also divided into "gestating" and "lactating" groups, and mild differences were found between pregnant and lactating sows. The data herein described represent an original contribution to the knowledge of the porcine bacterial microbiota. Moreover, the choice of sows as experimental animals was strategic for identifying the adult microbial community. These data provide a basis for further studies on the oral bacterial microbiota of pigs.
PubMed: 34835441
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112314