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PloS One 2021Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease that reduces lung and respiratory function, with a high mortality rate. Severe and acute...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease that reduces lung and respiratory function, with a high mortality rate. Severe and acute deterioration of COPD can easily lead to respiratory failure, resulting in personal, social, and medical burden. Recent studies have shown a high correlation between the gut microbiota and lung inflammation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between gut microbiota and COPD severity. A total of 60 COPD patients with varying severity according to GOLD guidelines were enrolled in this study. DNA was extracted from patients' stool and 16S rRNA data analysis conducted using high-throughput sequencing followed by bioinformatics analysis. The richness of the gut microbiota was not associated with COPD severity. The gut microbiome is more similar in stage 1 and 2 COPD than stage 3+4 COPD. Fusobacterium and Aerococcus were more abundant in stage 3+4 COPD. Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group and Lachnoclostridium were less abundant in stage 2-4, and Tyzzerella 4 and Dialister were less abundant in stage 1. However, the abundance of a Bacteroides was associated with blood eosinophils and lung function. This study suggests that no distinctive gut microbiota pattern is associated with the severity of COPD. The gut microbiome could affect COPD by gut inflammation shaping the host immune system.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteria; Bacteroides; Clostridiales; Feces; Fusobacterium; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 33836012
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249944 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The present study investigated the dynamic profiles of fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and the bacterial community of paper mulberry silage inoculants without...
The present study investigated the dynamic profiles of fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and the bacterial community of paper mulberry silage inoculants without (Control) or with (LP), (LB), or their combination (LPLB), which was screened from naturally fermented paper mulberry. The results showed that the inoculated treatments had significantly reduced neutral detergent fiber, water-soluble carbohydrates, and ammoniacal nitrogen contents compared with the control after 60 days of ensiling (the decreased proportion of LP, LB, and LPLB treatments ranged from 7.33%-11.23%, 9.60%-21.44%, and 21.53%-29.23%, respectively, 0.05). The pH value of the LP and LB treatments was significantly lower than that of the control after 60 days of ensiling (4.42 and 4.56 vs. 4.71, 0.05). The LP treatment promoted lactic acid accumulation and LAB number compared with the control (66.59% vs. 54.12% and 8.71 log CFU/g vs. 8.52 log CFU/g, respectively, 0.05), and the LB and LPLB treatments inhibited the growth of yeast and mold after 14 days of fermentation. After 5 days of aerobic exposure, both the LB and LPLB treatments increased the aerobic stability time and acetic acid content (from 29 to 75 h and 16.14%-48.72%, respectively, 0.05), inhibited the growth of yeast and mold, and did not detect butyric acid. Additionally, the bacteria community of each treatment was dominated by on day 3 of ensilage (accounting for 54.36%-69.31%), while the inoculated treatments reduced the abundance of on day 60 (from 59.73% to 85.16%, 0.05), and became the dominant genus (accounting for 54.57%-70.89%). Inoculation of effectively maintained the acidic environment at the end of the fermentation system by maintaining the abundance of , maximizing the preservation of dry matter and protein, and reducing protein corruption. Inoculation of alone or in combination with significantly inhibited the growth of mold and improved the aerobic stability of paper mulberry silage.
PubMed: 36483209
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1063914 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jan 2018Refrigerated raw milk may contain psychrotrophic microorganisms that produce thermoresistant exoproteases and lipases, which may compromise the quality of processed...
Refrigerated raw milk may contain psychrotrophic microorganisms that produce thermoresistant exoproteases and lipases, which may compromise the quality of processed fluid milk and dairy products during storage. The aim of this work was to quantify and identify the deteriorating psychrotrophic microbiota in Brazilian refrigerated raw milk using genetic diversity analysis. The mean psychrotrophic count was 1.1 × 10 cfu/mL. Of the total isolates, 47.8 and 29.8% showed deteriorating activity at 35°C within 48 h and 7°C within 10 d, respectively. Among the proteolytic species, more isolated by this study were Lactococcus lactis (27.3%), Enterobacter kobei (14.8%), Serratia ureilytica (8%), Aerococcus urinaeequi (6.8%), and Bacillus licheniformis (6.8%). Observed among lipolytics were E. kobei (17.7%), L. lactis (15.6%), A. urinaeequi (12.5%), and Acinetobacter lwoffii (9.4%). The isolates S. ureilytica, E. kobei, Pseudomonas spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica potentially produced alkaline metalloprotease (aprX). Despite the low counts, a considerable portion of the psychrotrophic microbiota presented spoilage potential, which reaffirms the need for rigor in the control of contamination and the importance of rapid processing as factors that maintain the quality of milk and dairy products.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Brazil; Cattle; Food Microbiology; Lipase; Microbiota; Milk
PubMed: 29102138
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13069 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jan 2016The study objective was to compare the efficacy of 2 commercial dry cow mastitis formulations containing cloxacillin benzathine or ceftiofur hydrochloride. Quarter-level... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The study objective was to compare the efficacy of 2 commercial dry cow mastitis formulations containing cloxacillin benzathine or ceftiofur hydrochloride. Quarter-level outcomes included prevalence of intramammary infection (IMI) postcalving, risk for cure of preexisting infections, risk for acquiring a new IMI during the dry period, and risk for clinical mastitis between dry off and 100 d in milk (DIM). Cow-level outcomes included the risk for clinical mastitis and the risk for removal from the herd between dry off and 100 DIM, as well as Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) test-day milk component and production measures between calving and 100 DIM. A total of 799 cows from 4 Wisconsin dairy herds were enrolled at dry off and randomized to 1 of the 2 commercial dry cow therapy (DCT) treatments: cloxacillin benzathine (DC; n=401) or ceftiofur hydrochloride (SM; n=398). Aseptic quarter milk samples were collected for routine bacteriological culture before DCT at dry off and again at 0 to 10 DIM. Data describing clinical mastitis cases and DHIA test-day results were retrieved from on-farm electronic records. The overall crude quarter-level prevalence of IMI at dry off was 34.7% and was not different between treatment groups. Ninety-six percent of infections at dry off were of gram-positive organisms, with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Aerococcus spp. isolated most frequently. Mixed logistic regression analysis showed no difference between treatments as to the risk for presence of IMI at 0 to 10 DIM (DC=22.4%, SM=19.9%) or on the risk for acquiring a new IMI between dry off and 0 to 10 DIM (DC=16.6%, SM=14.1%). Noninferiority analysis and mixed logistic regression analysis both showed no treatment difference in risk for a cure between dry off and 0 to 10 DIM (DC=84.8%, SM=85.7%). Cox proportional hazards regression showed no difference between treatments in quarter-level risk for clinical mastitis (DC=1.99%, SM=2.96%), cow-level risk for clinical mastitis (DC=17.0%, SM=15.3%), or on risk for removal from the herd (DC=10.7%, SM=10.3%) between dry off and 100 DIM. Finally, multivariable linear regression with repeated measures showed no overall no difference between treatments in DHIA test-day somatic cell count linear score (DC=2.19, SM=2.22), butterfat test (DC=3.84%, SM=3.86%), protein test (DC=3.02%, SM=3.02%), or 305-d mature-equivalent milk production (DC=11,817 kg, SM=11,932 kg) between calving and 100 DIM. In conclusion, DC was noninferior to SM in effecting a cure, and there was no difference in efficacy between these 2 DCT formulations as related to all other udder health or cow performance measures evaluated between dry off and 100 DIM.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cephalosporins; Cloxacillin; Drug Compounding; Female; Mastitis, Bovine; Prevalence; Risk; Wisconsin
PubMed: 26585471
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10190 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Domestic yaks () are indigenous to the Tibetan Plateau and display a high diarrhea rate due to poor habitat and husbandry conditions. has been shown to exert beneficial...
Domestic yaks () are indigenous to the Tibetan Plateau and display a high diarrhea rate due to poor habitat and husbandry conditions. has been shown to exert beneficial effects as antimicrobial, growth promotion, and gut microbiota in humans and/or murine models, but the relevant data regarding isolated from yaks was unavailable. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of from yaks on the intestinal microbial community in a mouse model and determine whether supplementation contributed in alleviating diarrhea by modulating gut microbiota. A total of 12 ileac samples from four groups were collected for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of V3-V4 region. Results revealed that although supplementation did not change the diversity of gut microbiota in mice, the proportion of some intestinal microbiota significantly changed. Specifically, the proportion of and in the treated-group (L-group) were increased as compared to control group (C-group), whereas , , , , , , , , , and were significantly decreased in the L-group. In contrast, () infection significantly decreased the proportion of beneficial bacteria such as , , , and , while loads of pathogenic bacteria significantly increased including and . Interestingly, administration could ameliorate the microbial community structure of -induced diarrheal mice by reducing the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as , , , , , , and . Results in this study revealed that supplementation not only improved the gut microbiota but also alleviated diarrhea in mice, which may be mediated by modulating the composition and function of gut microbiota. Moreover, this study is expected to provide a new theoretical basis for the establishment of a preventive and treatment system for diarrhea in yaks.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Diarrhea; Escherichia coli; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillus; Mice; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 33665171
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.610781 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Nowadays, there has been increased awareness that the therapeutic effects of natural medicines on inflammatory diseases may be achieved by regulating the gut microbiota....
Nowadays, there has been increased awareness that the therapeutic effects of natural medicines on inflammatory diseases may be achieved by regulating the gut microbiota. Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL), the traditional Chinese medicine preparation, has been shown to be effective in clearing heat-toxin, which is widely used in the clinical treatment of respiratory tract infection, mild pneumonia, and common cold with the wind-heat syndrome. Yet the role of gut microbiota in the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects is unclear. In this study, a new strategy of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and serum metabolomics that aims to explore the role of SHL in a rat model of the systemic inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide would be a major advancement. Our results showed that the gut microbiota structure was restored in rats with inflammation after oral administration of SHL, thereby reducing inflammation. Specifically, SHL increased the relative abundance of and and decreased the abundance of , , , , and in the rat model of inflammatory disease. Serum metabolomic profile obtained by the orbitrap-based high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed significant differences in the levels of 39 endogenous metabolites in the inflammatory model groups, eight metabolites of which almost returned to normal levels after SHL treatment. Correlation analysis between metabolite, gut microbiota, and inflammatory factors showed that the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of SHL were related to the recovery of the abnormal levels of the endogenous metabolites (N-acetylserotonin and 1-methylxanthine) in the tryptophan metabolism and caffeine metabolism pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that the structural changes in the gut microbiota are closely related to host metabolism. The regulation of gut microbiota structure and function is of great significance for exploring the potential mechanism in the treatment of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory diseases with SHL.
PubMed: 35837285
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.843877 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The non-absorbable antibiotic rifaximin has been used for...
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The non-absorbable antibiotic rifaximin has been used for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, traveling diarrhea, and hepatic encephalopathy, but the efficacy of rifaximin in NASH patients remains controversial. This study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of rifaximin treatment in mice with methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH. We found that rifaximin greatly ameliorated hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, and fibrogenesis in MCD-fed mice. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the gut microbiome was significantly altered in MCD-fed mice. Rifaximin treatment enriched 13 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to the groups , , , , , , , and . However, rifaximin treatment also reduced seven ASVs in the groups , , , , , , and in MCD-fed mice. Bile acid-targeted metabolomic analysis indicated that the MCD diet resulted in accumulation of primary bile acids and deoxycholic acid (DCA) in the ileum. Rifaximin delivery reduced DCA levels in MCD-fed mice. Correlation analysis further showed that DCA levels were associated with differentially abundant ASVs modulated by rifaximin. In conclusion, rifaximin may ameliorate NASH by decreasing ileal DCA through alteration of the gut microbiome in MCD-fed mice. Rifaximin treatment may therefore be a promising approach for NASH therapy in humans.
PubMed: 35450049
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.841132 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in humans and animals, which is very important for health. TCM affects the body 's immunity and changes in intestinal...
BACKGROUND
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in humans and animals, which is very important for health. TCM affects the body 's immunity and changes in intestinal flora. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Hong-bailanshen (HBLS) supplementation in horses on serum biochemical profile, antioxidant enzymes and gut microbiota.
METHODS
In this study, five horses were selected. On day 0, 14, 28, blood samples and feces were collected on days 0, 14, and 28 to analyse gut microbiota, serum biochemical and redox indexes.
RESULTS
The results showed that the addition of HBLS to horse diets significantly decreased the level of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and malondialdehyde ( < 0.05, < 0.01) and significantly increased the activity of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and catalase ( < 0.05, < 0.01). Compared with day 14, the levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase were significantly decreased; however, the level of catalase was significantly increased in the horses continuously fed with HBLS for 28 days ( < 0.05, < 0.01). Alpha diversity analysis was performed that chao1 ( < 0.05), observed_specicies, faith'pd and goods_coverage upregulated in the horses fed HBLS. A total of 24 differential genera were detected adding HBLS to diet increased the abundance of and , while reduced and ( < 0.05, < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Adding HBLS to the diet could be a potentially effective strategy to improve horses' health.
PubMed: 38444806
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1327210 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jul 2021Aerococcus urinae is a urinary pathogen with well-described resistance to fluoroquinolones. This study aimed to validate the gradient diffusion (GD) method (Etest) on...
Aerococcus urinae is a urinary pathogen with well-described resistance to fluoroquinolones. This study aimed to validate the gradient diffusion (GD) method (Etest) on cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton agar with 5% sheep blood for testing the susceptibilities of Aerococcus urinae to the antimicrobial agents ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin and to compare the Etest to the broth microdilution (BMD) method from CLSI document M45-A3. Agar dilution (AD), as recommended by EUCAST, was used as an alternative reference method to arbitrate discrepancies or address technical issues. Aerococcus urinae isolates from urinary specimens were prospectively collected between June 2016 and December 2017 from six hospitals in Quebec, Canada, and identifications were confirmed using Vitek MS with the IVD 3.0 database. Of the 207 isolates tested using BMD, 37 (17.9%) showed trailing and 19 (9.2%) showed insufficient growth; these were tested using AD. Also, 38 isolates (18.4%) for ciprofloxacin and 13 isolates (6.3%) for levofloxacin showed a lack of essential or categorical agreement between the Etest and BMD and were also tested by AD. By use of a combined reference method (BMD or AD), the susceptibility rates of Aerococcus urinae were 82.6% and 81.6% for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively. Categorical agreement between GD and the combined reference methods was 95.2% for ciprofloxacin and 97.1% for levofloxacin, with no very major error identified. Major and minor error rates were 0.6% and 4.3% for ciprofloxacin and 1.2% and 1.9% for levofloxacin. Overall, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using the Etest on sheep blood agar showed good agreement with the reference methods and can be considered by clinical laboratories wishing to perform AST on Aerococcus urinae isolates.
Topics: Aerococcus; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Canada; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; Fluoroquinolones; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Quebec; Sheep
PubMed: 34076476
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00259-21 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2022Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry provides accurate species-level identification of many, microorganisms retrieved... (Review)
Review
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry provides accurate species-level identification of many, microorganisms retrieved from bovine milk samples. However, not all those microorganisms are pathogenic. Our study aimed to: (1) determine the species-specific prevalence of microorganisms identified in bovine milk of apparently healthy lactating quarters vs. quarters with clinical mastitis (CM); and (2) map current information and knowledge gaps on udder health relevance of microorganisms retrieved from bovine milk samples. A mixed study design (meta-analysis and mapping review) was chosen. We gathered several large Canadian, US and Brazilian data sets of MALDI-TOF results for organisms cultured from quarter milk samples. For meta-analysis, two datasets (apparently healthy quarters vs. CM samples) were organized. A series of meta-analyses was conducted to determine microorganisms' prevalence. Then, each species reported was searched through PubMed to investigate whether inflammation (increased somatic cell count (SCC) or signs of CM) was associated with microorganism's recovery from milk. A total of 294 different species of microorganisms recovered from milk samples were identified. Among 50,429 quarter-milk samples from apparently healthy quarters, the 5 most frequent species were (6.7%, 95% CI 4.5-9.2%), (1.6%, 95% CI 0.4-3.5%), (1.5%, 95% CI 0.5-2.8%), (0.9%, 95% CI 0.4-1.5%), and (0.7%, 95% CI 0.2-1.6%). Among the 43,924 quarter-milk CM samples, the 5 most frequent species were (11%, 95% CI 8.1-14.3%), (8.5%, 95% CI 5.3-12.2%), (7.8%, 95% CI 4.9-11.5%), (7.8%, 95% CI 4.4-11.9%), and (5.6%, 95% CI 3.4-8.2%). When conducting the PubMed literature search, there were 206 species identified by MALDI-TOF for which we were not able to find any information regarding their association with CM or SCC. Some of them, however, were frequently isolated in our multi-country dataset from the milk of quarters with CM (e.g., , , ). Our study provides guidance to veterinarians for interpretation of milk bacteriology results obtained using MALDI-TOF and identifies knowledge gaps for future research.
PubMed: 36496808
DOI: 10.3390/ani12233288