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Saudi Medical Journal Jul 2016To characterize overlap syndrome, investigate its impact on airflow limitation and blood oxygen condition, and detect the risk factors that affect its airway resistance.
OBJECTIVES
To characterize overlap syndrome, investigate its impact on airflow limitation and blood oxygen condition, and detect the risk factors that affect its airway resistance.
METHODS
We reviewed retrospectively the clinical data of 158 patients with overlap syndrome (OS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), treated in the Critical Care Medicine Department of the People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, China from May 2014 to March 2015. The lowest and average oxyhemoglobin saturation were measured using polysomnography. The pulmonary functions were tested using the cardiopulmonary measuring instruments, and the viscous resistance at oscillation frequencies of 5, 10, 15, 20 Hz was measured using the impulse oscillation system for all the patients.
RESULTS
The values of forced expiratory volume (FEV)1/FVC, FEV1% predicted, and the lowest SaO2 in the OS group were significantly lower than those in the OSA (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.01, p=0.01), or the COPD group (p=0.03, p=0.02, p=0.03, but the value of viscous resistance at 5 Hz was significantly higher than that in the 2 groups (p less than 0.01). Old age, body mass index, and smoking history were significantly correlated with the viscous resistance in OS patients, at an oscillation frequency of 5Hz (p=0.03, p=0.04).
CONCLUSION
The OS patients present with higher viscous resistance and more severe oxygen deficit, when compared with OSA and COPD patients, and weight decrease and smoking cessation are necessary for these patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Resistance; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxygen
PubMed: 27381535
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.7.14108 -
Allergy Apr 2022IL-5-dependent residential and IL-18-transformed pathogenic eosinophils have been reported; however, the role of IL-18-transformed CD274-expressing pathogenic...
BACKGROUND
IL-5-dependent residential and IL-18-transformed pathogenic eosinophils have been reported; however, the role of IL-18-transformed CD274-expressing pathogenic eosinophils compared to IL-5-generated eosinophils in promoting airway obstruction in asthma has not yet been examined.
METHODS
Eosinophils are detected by tissue anti-MBP and anti-EPX immunostaining, CD274 expression by flow cytometry, and airway resistance using the Buxco FinePointe RC system.
RESULTS
We show that A. fumigatus-challenged wild-type mice, and different gene-deficient mice including naïve CC10-IL-18-transgenic mice, accumulate mostly peribronchial and perivascular CD274-expressing eosinophils except naïve CD2-IL-5-transgenic mice. Additionally, we show that CD2-IL-5 transgenic mice following rIL-18 treatment accumulate high number of CD274-expressing perivascular and peribronchial eosinophils with induced collagen, goblet cell hyperplasia and airway resistance compared to saline-challenged CD2-IL5 transgenic mice. Furthermore, we also show that even A. fumigatus-challenged IL-5 mice and rIL-18 given ΔdblGATA mice accumulate CD274-expressing eosinophil-associated asthma pathogenesis including airway obstruction. Most importantly, we provide evidence that neutralization of CD274 and IL-18 in A. fumigatus-challenged mice ameliorate experimental asthma. Taken together, the data presented are clinically significant in establishing that anti-IL-18 neutralization is a novel immunotherapy to restrict asthma pathogenesis.
CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrate that IL-18 is critical for inducing asthma pathogenesis, and neutralization of CD274 is a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for asthma.
Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Asthma; B7-H1 Antigen; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Disease Models, Animal; Eosinophils; Humans; Interleukin-18; Interleukin-5; Lung; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Transgenic
PubMed: 34800294
DOI: 10.1111/all.15180 -
Indian Pediatrics Feb 2020Impulse oscillometry is an effort-independent technique of assessment of airway resistance and reactance, and can be performed in children unable to complete spirometry.
BACKGROUND
Impulse oscillometry is an effort-independent technique of assessment of airway resistance and reactance, and can be performed in children unable to complete spirometry.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the utility of impulse oscillometry and spirometry for assessing asthma control in children.
STUDY DESIGN
Prospective cohort study.
PARTICIPANTS
Children aged 5-15 years, with mild to severe persistent asthma.
INTERVENTION
On each 3-monthly follow-up visit, clinical assessment, classification of control of asthma, impulse oscillometry and spirometry were performed.
OUTCOME
Utility of impulse oscillometry parameters [impedance (Z5), resistance (R5), reactance (X5) at 5 Hz, and R5-20 (resistance at 20Hz -5Hz) (% predicted), and area of reactance (AX, actual values)] and FEV1 (% predicted) to discriminate between controlled and uncontrolled asthma was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Association of FEV1 and impulse oscillometry parameters over time with controlled asthma was evaluated by generalized estimating equation model.
RESULTS
Number of visits in 256 children [mean (SD) age, 100 (41.6) mo; boys: 198 (77.3%)], where both impulse oscillometry and spirometry were performed was 2616; symptoms were controlled in 48.9% visits. Area under the curve for discrimination between controlled and uncontrolled asthma by FEV1, AX, R5-20, Z5, R5, and X5 were 0.58, 0.55, 0.55, 0.52, 0.52 and 0.52, respectively. FEV1 [OR (95% CI): 1.02 (1.01-1.03)] and AX [OR (95% CI): 0.88 (0.81-0.97)] measured over the duration of follow-up were significantly associated with controlled asthma.
CONCLUSIONS
Spirometry and impulse oscillometry parameters are comparable in ascertaining controlled asthma. Impulse oscillometry being less effort-dependent may be performed for monitoring control of childhood asthma, especially in younger children.
Topics: Adolescent; Airway Resistance; Asthma; Child; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Male; Oscillometry; Prospective Studies; Spirometry
PubMed: 32060237
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Sep 2014There are some subjective symptoms involving the nasal cavity such as nasal congestion during a migraine attack. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible changes... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
There are some subjective symptoms involving the nasal cavity such as nasal congestion during a migraine attack. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible changes occurring in the nasal cavity during headache in patients with migraine.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients with migraine were studied. The control group consisted of patients with tension-type headache. The severity of the headache and accompanying complaints were assessed using visual analog scale, and the nasal mucosa was assessed through anterior rhinoscopy and endoscopy. Resistance of the nasal cavity was evaluated through anterior rhinomanometry. Data obtained during the attack periods and attack-free periods were compared.
RESULTS
Twenty-five patients with migraine and 15 patients with tension-type headache were enrolled. It was found that 19 patients (76%) of the group with migraine and 5 patients of the group with tension-type headache were experiencing nasal congestion during the attack and that the differences between the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The average of total nasal resistance in the patients with migraine was 0.57 ± 0.60 kPa/L/sn during migraine attacks and 0.28 ± 0.14 kPa/L/sn during attack-free periods. The average of total nasal resistance in the patients with tension-type headache was 0.32 ± 0.14 kPa/L/sn during attack periods and 0.31 ± 0.20 kPa/L/sn during attack-free periods. In the group with migraine, the change of nasal resistance between during the attack and attack-free periods was found statistically significant, whereas there was no statistically significant difference in the group with tension-type headache.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of this study, complaints regarding nasal obstruction and nasal airway resistance increase during migraine attacks. Cause-and-effect relationship between nasal obstruction and pain is not clear, and clinical trials are needed to determine the effect of nasal obstruction treatment (mucosal decongestion, etc) on the complaint of pain.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Airway Resistance; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Nasal Cavity; Nasal Mucosa; Nasal Obstruction; Rhinomanometry; Tension-Type Headache; Young Adult
PubMed: 25072974
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e31827c80b1 -
PLoS Genetics Jun 2021Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 3 (LAMP3) is a type I transmembrane protein of the LAMP protein family with a cell-type-specific expression in alveolar type II...
Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 3 (LAMP3) is a type I transmembrane protein of the LAMP protein family with a cell-type-specific expression in alveolar type II cells in mice and hitherto unknown function. In type II pneumocytes, LAMP3 is localized in lamellar bodies, secretory organelles releasing pulmonary surfactant into the extracellular space to lower surface tension at the air/liquid interface. The physiological function of LAMP3, however, remains enigmatic. We generated Lamp3 knockout mice by CRISPR/Cas9. LAMP3 deficient mice are viable with an average life span and display regular lung function under basal conditions. The levels of a major hydrophobic protein component of pulmonary surfactant, SP-C, are strongly increased in the lung of Lamp3 knockout mice, and the lipid composition of the bronchoalveolar lavage shows mild but significant changes, resulting in alterations in surfactant functionality. In ovalbumin-induced experimental allergic asthma, the changes in lipid composition are aggravated, and LAMP3-deficient mice exert an increased airway resistance. Our data suggest a critical role of LAMP3 in the regulation of pulmonary surfactant homeostasis and normal lung function.
Topics: Airway Resistance; Alveolar Epithelial Cells; Animals; Asthma; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Gene Editing; Gene Expression Regulation; Homeostasis; Lipidomics; Lung; Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 3; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Ovalbumin; Protein Isoforms; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C; Pulmonary Surfactants; Respiratory Function Tests; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34161347
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009619 -
European Journal of Applied Physiology Jul 2021There is evidence of both the preventive effects and poor acceptance of mouthguards. There are various effects on performance depending on the type of mouthguard model.... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
There is evidence of both the preventive effects and poor acceptance of mouthguards. There are various effects on performance depending on the type of mouthguard model. Hemodynamic responses to wearing a mouthguard have not been described. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of self-adapted mouthguards with breathing channels (SAMG).
METHODS
In this randomized crossover study, 17 healthy, active subjects (age 25.12 ± 2.19 years) underwent body plethysmography and performed two incremental exertion tests wearing a (SAMG) and not wearing (CON) a mouthguard. Blood lactate, spirometrics, and thoracic impedance were measured during these maximum exercise tests.
RESULTS
The mean values using a SAMG revealed significantly greater airway resistance compared to CON (0.53 ± 0.16 kPa·L vs. 0.35 ± 0.10 kPa·L, respectively; p = < 0.01). At maximum load, ventilation with SAMGv was less than CON (118.4 ± 28.17 L min vs. 128.2 ± 32.16 L min, respectively; p = < 0.01). At submaximal loads, blood lactate responses with SAMG were higher than CON (8.68 ± 2.20 mmol·L vs. 7.89 ± 1.65 mmol·L, respectively; p < 0.01). Maximum performance with a SAMG was 265.9 ± 59.9 W, and without a mouthguard was 272.9 ± 60.8 W (p < 0.01). Maximum stroke volume was higher using a SAMG than without using a mouthguard (138.4 ± 29.9 mL vs. 130.2 ± 21.2 mL, respectively; p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Use of a self-adapted mouthguard led to increased metabolic effort and a significant reduction in ventilation parameters. Unchanged oxygen uptake may be the result of cardiopulmonary compensation and increased breathing efforts, which slightly affects performance. These results and the obvious preventive effects of mouthguards support their use in sports.
Topics: Adult; Airway Resistance; Athletic Performance; Cross-Over Studies; Electric Impedance; Exercise Test; Exercise Tolerance; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Lactates; Male; Mouth Protectors; Plethysmography; Spirometry
PubMed: 33713202
DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04659-8 -
Lung Apr 2018Airway hyperreactivity is a hallmark feature of asthma and can be precipitated by airway insults, such as ozone exposure or viral infection. A proposed mechanism linking...
Airway hyperreactivity is a hallmark feature of asthma and can be precipitated by airway insults, such as ozone exposure or viral infection. A proposed mechanism linking airway insults to airway hyperreactivity is augmented cholinergic transmission. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that acute potentiation of cholinergic transmission is sufficient to induce airway hyperreactivity. We atomized the cholinergic agonist bethanechol to neonatal piglets and forty-eight hours later measured airway resistance. Bethanechol-treated piglets displayed increased airway resistance in response to intravenous methacholine compared to saline-treated controls. In the absence of an airway insult, we expected to find no evidence of airway inflammation; however, transcripts for several asthma-associated cytokines, including IL17A, IL1A, and IL8, were elevated in the tracheas of bethanechol-treated piglets. In the lungs, prior bethanechol treatment increased transcripts for IFNγ and its downstream target CXCL10. These findings suggest that augmented cholinergic transmission is sufficient to induce airway hyperreactivity, and raise the possibility that cholinergic-mediated regulation of pro-inflammatory pathways might contribute.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Airway Resistance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bethanechol; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Bronchoconstriction; Cytokines; Inflammation Mediators; Lung; Muscarinic Agonists; Sus scrofa; Transcriptional Activation; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 29380034
DOI: 10.1007/s00408-018-0091-0 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2020Wearing face masks reduce the maximum physical performance. Sports and occupational activities are often associated with submaximal constant intensities. This... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Wearing face masks reduce the maximum physical performance. Sports and occupational activities are often associated with submaximal constant intensities. This prospective crossover study examined the effects of medical face masks during constant-load exercise. Fourteen healthy men (age 25.7 ± 3.5 years; height 183.8 ± 8.4 cm; weight 83.6 ± 8.4 kg) performed a lactate minimum test and a body plethysmography with and without masks. They were randomly assigned to two constant load tests at maximal lactate steady state with and without masks. The cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses were monitored using impedance cardiography and ergo-spirometry. The airway resistance was two-fold higher with the surgical mask (SM) than without the mask (SM 0.58 ± 0.16 kPa l vs. control [Co] 0.32 ± 0.08 kPa l; p < 0.01). The constant load tests with masks compared with those without masks resulted in a significantly different ventilation (77.1 ± 9.3 l min vs. 82.4 ± 10.7 l min; p < 0.01), oxygen uptake (33.1 ± 5 ml min kg vs. 34.5 ± 6 ml min kg; p = 0.04), and heart rate (160.1 ± 11.2 bpm vs. 154.5 ± 11.4 bpm; p < 0.01). The mean cardiac output tended to be higher with a mask (28.6 ± 3.9 l min vs. 25.9 ± 4.0 l min; p = 0.06). Similar blood pressure (177.2 ± 17.6 mmHg vs. 172.3 ± 15.8 mmHg; p = 0.33), delta lactate (4.7 ± 1.5 mmol l vs. 4.3 ± 1.5 mmol l; p = 0.15), and rating of perceived exertion (6.9 ± 1.1 vs. 6.6 ± 1.1; p = 0.16) were observed with and without masks. Surgical face masks increase airway resistance and heart rate during steady state exercise in healthy volunteers. The perceived exertion and endurance performance were unchanged. These results may improve the assessment of wearing face masks during work and physical training.
Topics: Adult; Airway Resistance; Blood Pressure; Cross-Over Studies; Exercise; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Masks; Physical Endurance
PubMed: 33349641
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78643-1 -
Experimental Lung Research 2023Force adaptation is a process whereby the contractile capacity of the airway smooth muscle increases during a sustained contraction (aka tone). Tone also increases the...
Force adaptation is a process whereby the contractile capacity of the airway smooth muscle increases during a sustained contraction (aka tone). Tone also increases the response to a nebulized challenge with methacholine , presumably through force adaptation. Yet, due to its patchy pattern of deposition, nebulized methacholine often spurs small airway narrowing heterogeneity and closure, two important enhancers of the methacholine response. This raises the possibility that the potentiating effect of tone on the methacholine response is not due to force adaptation but by furthering heterogeneity and closure. Herein, methacholine was delivered homogenously through the intravenous (i.v.) route. Female and male BALB/c mice were subjected to one of two i.v. methacholine challenges, each of the same cumulative dose but starting by a 20-min period either with or without tone induced by serial i.v. boluses. Changes in respiratory mechanics were monitored throughout by oscillometry, and the response after the final dose was compared between the two challenges to assess the effect of tone. For the elastance of the respiratory system (E), tone potentiated the methacholine response by 64 and 405% in females (37.4 ± 10.7 61.5 ± 15.1 cmHO/mL; = 0.01) and males (33.0 ± 14.3 166.7 ± 60.6 cmHO/mL; = 0.0004), respectively. For the resistance of the respiratory system (R), tone potentiated the methacholine response by 129 and 225% in females (9.7 ± 3.5 22.2 ± 4.3 cmHO·s/mL; = 0.0003) and males (10.7 ± 3.1 34.7 ± 7.9 cmHO·s/mL; < 0.0001), respectively. As previously reported with nebulized challenges, tone increases the response to i.v. methacholine in both sexes; albeit sexual dimorphisms were obvious regarding the relative resistive elastic nature of this potentiation. This represents further support that tone increases the lung response to methacholine through force adaptation.
Topics: Male; Female; Animals; Mice; Methacholine Chloride; Lung; Respiratory Mechanics; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Airway Resistance
PubMed: 37477352
DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2023.2237127 -
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Nov 2023To investigate the performance of using lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and airway resistance (RAW) levels to predict lung infection in elderly esophageal cancer patients...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the performance of using lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and airway resistance (RAW) levels to predict lung infection in elderly esophageal cancer patients who have undergone radiotherapy.
METHODS
A total of 298 elderly esophageal cancer patients who received radiotherapy at Shanxi Fenyang Hospital between October 2017 and July 2022 were retrospectively enrolled and their clinical data were collected. The patients were divided into an infection group (124 cases) and a non-infection group (174 cases) according to their status of lung infection. Then, in the infection group, CURB-65 score was used to assess the severity of the patients' lung infection and the patients were further divided into subgroups accordingly, with 36 cases in the mild infection subgroup, 58 cases in the moderate infection subgroup, and 30 cases in the severe infection subgroup. The levels of Cdyn, RAW, and infection indicators, including serum procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ), were measured in both groups of patients and the differences in the findings were compared between the infection and the non-infection groups and among patients with infection of varying degrees of severity. The correlation between Cdyn and RAW and the levels of PCT, IL-6, and Ang Ⅱ was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of predicting infection with Cdyn and RAW.
RESULTS
The Cdyn level of patients in the infection group was lower than that of patients in the non-infection group, while the RAW level of the infection group was higher than that of the non-infection group (<0.05). Among the infection subgroup, the level of Cdyn of the mild infection subgroup was higher than those of the moderate and severe infection subgroups, while the levels of RAW, PCT, IL-6, and Ang Ⅱ of the mild infection subgroup were lower than those of the moderate severe subgroups. The level of Cdyn of the moderate infection subgroup was higher than that of the severe infection subgroup, while the RAW, PCT, IL-6, and Ang Ⅱ levels of the moderate infection subgroup were lower than those of the severe infection subgroup, with all difference being statistically significant (<0.05). The Cdyn level of patients with lung infection was negatively correlated with PCT, IL-6, and Ang Ⅱ levels and the severity of infection (=-0.501, -0.430, -0.367, and -0.484, respectively, <0.05), while RAW was positively correlated with PCT, IL-6, and Ang Ⅱ levels and the severity of infection (=0.483, 0.395, 0.374, and 0.423, respectively, <0.05). The area under the curve () of Cdyn and RAW for predicting lung infection in elderly patients with esophageal cancer after radiotherapy were 0.898 (95% confidence interval []: 0.857-0.930) and 0.823 (95% : 0.775-0.865), respectively, and the of combined evaluation of Cdyn and RAW was 0.959 (95% : 0.930-0.979), which suggested that the predictive performance of combined evaluation was better than evaluation with Cdyn or RAW alone.
CONCLUSION
When elderly esophageal cancer patients develop lung infection after radiotherapy, their Cdyn level is decreased, while the levels of RAW, PCT, IL-6, and Ang Ⅱ are increased. In addition, the levels of Cdyn and RAW are correlated with the PCT, IL-6, and Ang Ⅱ levels. The combined use of Cdyn and RAW shows good performance for predicting lung infection in patients.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Sepsis; Interleukin-6; Retrospective Studies; Airway Resistance; Prognosis; Procalcitonin; ROC Curve; Pneumonia; Esophageal Neoplasms; Lung
PubMed: 38162050
DOI: 10.12182/20231160602