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Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Polyphenols from peanut skin have been reported to possess many beneficial functions for human health, including anti-oxidative, antibacterial, anticancer, and other...
Polyphenols from peanut skin have been reported to possess many beneficial functions for human health, including anti-oxidative, antibacterial, anticancer, and other activities. To date, however, its anti-inflammatory effect and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of peanut skin procyanidins extract (PSPE) and peanut skin procyanidins (PSPc) were investigated by a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. The results showed that both PSPE and PSPc supplementation reversed the DSS-induced body weight loss and reduced disease activity index (DAI) values, accompanied by enhanced goblet cell numbers and tight junction protein claudin-1 expression in the colon. PSPE and PSPc treatment also suppressed the inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the colon by down-regulating IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA expressions. Meanwhile, PSPE and PSPc significantly altered the gut microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundance of and , and inhibiting the relative abundance of at the genus level. PSPE and PSPc also significantly elevated the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice with colitis. The correlation analysis suggested that the protective effects of PSPE and PSPc on colitis might be related to the alteration of gut microbiota composition and the formation of SCFAs. In conclusion, the current research indicates that supplementation of PSPE and PSPc could be a promising nutritional strategy for colitis prevention and treatment.
PubMed: 36358470
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112098 -
Cancers Apr 2023Chronic inflammation of the colon (colitis) is a known risk factor for inflammatory-driven colorectal cancers (id-CRCs), and intestinal microbiota has been implicated in...
Chronic inflammation of the colon (colitis) is a known risk factor for inflammatory-driven colorectal cancers (id-CRCs), and intestinal microbiota has been implicated in the etiology of id-CRCs. Manipulation of the microbiome is a clinically viable therapeutic approach to limiting id-CRCs. To understand the microbiome changes that occur over time in id-CRCs, we used a mouse model of id-CRCs with the treatment of azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and measured the microbiome over time. We included cohorts where the microbiome was restored using cage bedding swapping and where the microbiome was depleted using antibiotics to compare to untreated animals. We identified consistent increases in in mice receiving horizontal microbiome transfer (HMT) via cage bedding swapping, while the control cohort had consistent longitudinal increases in and Additionally, fecal lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2), a marker of intestinal inflammation, was elevated in unrestored animals compared to restored and antibiotic-treated counterparts following HMT. These observations suggest a potential role for in regulating colonic inflammation in id-CRCs.
PubMed: 37190186
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082260 -
BMC Microbiology Feb 2021The microbiota plays an important role in host health. Although rubidium (Rb) has been used to study its effects on depression and cancers, the interaction between...
BACKGROUND
The microbiota plays an important role in host health. Although rubidium (Rb) has been used to study its effects on depression and cancers, the interaction between microbial commensals and Rb is still unexplored. To gain the knowledge of the relationship between Rb and microbes, 51 mice receiving RbCl-based treatment and 13 untreated mice were evaluated for their characteristics and bacterial microbiome changes.
RESULTS
The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of fecal microbiota showed that RbCl generally maintained fecal microbial community diversity, while the shifts in fecal microbial composition were apparent after RbCl exposure. RbCl significantly enhanced the abundances of Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, Clostridium XlVa and sulfate-reducing bacteria including Deltaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionales, Desulfovibrionaceae and Desulfovibrio, but significantly inhibited the abundances of Tenericutes, Mollicutes, Anaeroplasmatales, Anaeroplasmataceae and Anaeroplasma lineages. With regarding to the archaea, we only observed two less richness archaea Sulfolobus and Acidiplasma at the genus level.
CONCLUSIONS
Changes of fecal microbes may in part contribute to the anticancer or anti-depressant effects of RbCl. These findings further validate that the microbiome could be a target for therapeutic intervention.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacteria; Chlorides; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Mice; Rubidium; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
PubMed: 33588762
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02095-4 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The purpose of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of the gut microbiome in patients with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and analyze the alterations of...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of the gut microbiome in patients with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and analyze the alterations of fecal fatty acid metabolism, so as to further provide the pathogenesis of PCOS.
METHODS
Fecal samples from the PCOS group ( = 31) and healthy control group ( = 27) were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. Peripheral venous blood was collected to measure serum inflammation and intestinal permeability. Finally, the correlation analysis of intestinal flora, fecal metabolites, and laboratory indicators was carried out.
RESULTS
Serum D-lactate content in the PCOS group was higher than that in the control group. There was no significant difference in microbial α diversity and β diversity between PCOS patients and healthy controls. Peptostreptococcaceae and Bacteroidales S24-7 group existed significant differences between PCOS patients and healthy controls. Based on linear discriminant analysis selection, 14 genera including , , and were dominant in patients with PCOS, while 4 genera, including (), (), and (), were dominant in healthy controls. Compared with PCOS with Body mass index (BMI) < 24, patients with BMI ≥ 24 have multiple dominant genera including and . Moreover, serum levels of free testosterone and androstenedione were positively correlated with , while total testosterone was negatively correlated with . Additionally, fecal contents of acetic acid and propionic acid in patients with PCOS were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. and were positively correlated with 6 kinds of fatty acids.
CONCLUSION
Specific intestinal flora fecal fatty acids and serum metabolites may mediate the occurrence and development of PCOS. PCOS patients with different body sizes have specific intestinal flora.
PubMed: 35847083
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.911992 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Increasing evidence shows a close relationship between gut microbiota and major depressive disorder (MDD), but the specific mechanisms remain unknown. This study was...
OBJECTIVE
Increasing evidence shows a close relationship between gut microbiota and major depressive disorder (MDD), but the specific mechanisms remain unknown. This study was conducted to explore differential gut microbiota compositions related to the severity of MDD.
METHODS
Healthy controls (HC) (n = 131) and MDD patients (n = 130) were included. MDD patients with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score <25 and ≥25 were assigned into moderate (n = 72) and severe (n = 58) MDD groups, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the gut microbiota compositions at the genus level.
RESULTS
Thirty-six and 27 differential genera were identified in moderate and severe MDD patients, respectively. The differential genera in moderate and severe MDD patients mainly belonged to three (Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota) and two phyla (Firmicutes and Bacteroidota), respectively. One specific covarying network from phylum Actinobacteriota was identified in moderate MDD patients. In addition, five genera (, , , , and ) from the shared differential genera by two MDD groups had a fair efficacy in diagnosing MDD from HC (AUC = 0.786).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results were helpful for further exploring the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of depression and developing objective diagnostic methods for MDD.
Topics: Bacteria; Depressive Disorder, Major; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans
PubMed: 35899051
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.907239 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2021Obesity is a disease growing at an alarming rate and numerous preclinical studies have proven the role of polyphenols in managing this disease. This systematic review... (Review)
Review
Obesity is a disease growing at an alarming rate and numerous preclinical studies have proven the role of polyphenols in managing this disease. This systematic review explores the prebiotic effect of polyphenols in the management of obesity among animals fed on a high-fat diet. A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Embase databases following the PRISMA guidelines. Forty-four studies reported a significant reduction in obesity-related parameters. Most notably, 83% of the studies showed a decrease in either body weight/visceral adiposity/plasma triacylglyceride. Furthermore, 42 studies reported a significant improvement in gut microbiota (GM), significantly affecting the genera , , , , , , , and . Polyphenols' anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycaemic, and anti-inflammatory properties were associated with their ability to modulate GM. This review supports the notion of polyphenols as effective prebiotics in ameliorating HFD-induced metabolic derangements in animal models.
PubMed: 33540692
DOI: 10.3390/foods10020299 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2021Prednisone (PRED) is a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) widely used in immune-mediated diseases for its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. The effects of...
Prednisone (PRED) is a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) widely used in immune-mediated diseases for its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. The effects of GC are achieved by genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. However, the nongenomic effects are largely unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate how long-term prednisone therapy changes the composition of the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control (CON) group and a PRED group, which received prednisone treatment daily for 6 weeks by gavage. The V3 to V4 regions of bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced after the total bacterial DNA was extracted from fecal samples. The alpha and beta diversities were calculated. The compositional alteration of the gut microbiota at different taxonomic levels was analyzed using the Metastats method. Meanwhile, the fecal metabolites were quantitated in an ultra-performance liquid chromatography system. Similar microbial richness and diversity between the CON and PRED groups were indicated by the alpha diversity results. The gut microbial communities differed significantly between two groups. The relative abundances of the genera , , and XIVb decreased, whereas that of increased significantly in rats after the 6-week prednisone treatment. In total, 11 downregulated and 10 upregulated fecal metabolites were identified. Differential fecal metabolites were enriched in the pathways, including phenylalanine metabolism, butanoate metabolism, and propanoate metabolism. The lowered production of short-chain fatty acids was associated with the decreased relative abundance of the genera and and increased abundance of the genus . The composition of the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites was changed after long-term prednisone treatment. This may help us to understand the pharmacology of prednisone. Prednisone is widely used in chronic glomerular diseases, immunological disorders, and rheumatic diseases for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. It is a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) that shows therapeutic effects after conversion to prednisolone by the liver. Prolonged GC therapy causes anti-inflammatory effects; it also results in a variety of adverse events, including obesity, hypertension, psychiatric symptoms, and dyslipidemia. The therapeutic effects and adverse events of GCs may be associated with changes in the gut microbiota, as the host might be affected by the metabolites generated by the altered gut microbes. Thus, we investigated how long-term prednisone therapy changed the composition of the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in rats. This study may shed new light on the pharmacology of prednisone.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Prednisone; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 34756061
DOI: 10.1128/Spectrum.00650-21 -
GeroScience Apr 2024Microbiota composition has been linked to physical activity, health measures, and biological age, but a shared profile has yet to be shown. The aim of this study was to...
Microbiota composition has been linked to physical activity, health measures, and biological age, but a shared profile has yet to be shown. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between microbiota composition and measures of function, such as a composite measure of physical capacity, and biological age in midlife, prior to onset of age-related diseases. Seventy healthy midlife individuals (age 44.58 ± 0.18) were examined cross-sectionally, and their gut-microbiota profile was characterized from stool samples using 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Biological age was measured using the Klemera-Doubal method and a composition of blood and physiological biomarkers. Physical capacity was calculated based on sex-standardized functional tests. We demonstrate that the women had significantly richer microbiota, p = 0.025; however, microbiota diversity was not linked with chronological age, biological age, or physical capacity for either women or men. Men had slightly greater β-diversity; however, β-diversity was positively associated with biological age and with physical capacity for women only (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04; respectively). For women, an increase in abundance of Roseburia faecis and Collinsella aerofaciens, as well as genus Ruminococcus and Dorea, was significantly associated with higher biological age and lower physical capacity; an increase in abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and genera Bacteroides and Alistipes was associated with younger biological age and increased physical capacity. Differentially abundant taxa were also associated with non-communicable diseases. These findings suggest that microbiota composition is a potential mechanism linking physical capacity and health status; personalized probiotics may serve as a new means to support health-promoting interventions in midlife. Investigating additional factors underlying this link may facilitate the development of a more accurate method to estimate the rate of aging.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Sex Characteristics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Exercise; Aging
PubMed: 37610596
DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00905-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Given the impact of the gut microbiome on human physiology and aging, it is possible that the gut microbiome may affect locomotion in the same way as the host's own...
Given the impact of the gut microbiome on human physiology and aging, it is possible that the gut microbiome may affect locomotion in the same way as the host's own genes. There is not yet any direct evidence linking the gut microbiome to locomotion, though there are some potential connections, such as regular physical activity and the immune system. In this study, we demonstrate that the gut microbiome can contribute differently to locomotion. We remodeled the original gut microbiome of mice through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using human feces and compared the changes in locomotion of the same mice before and three months after FMT. We found that FMT affected locomotion in three different ways: positive, none (the same), and negative. Analysis of the phylogenesis, α-diversities, and β-diversities of the gut microbiome in the three groups showed that a more diverse group of intestinal microbes was established after FMT in each of the three groups, indicating that the human gut microbiome is more diverse than that of mice. The FMT-remodeled gut microbiome in each group was also different from each other. Fold change and linear correlation analyses identified , , and in the gut microbiome as positive contributors to locomotion, while , , , and were found to have negative effects. This study not only confirms the presence of gut microbiomes that contribute differently to locomotion, but also explains the mixed results in research on the association between the gut microbiome and locomotion.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Locomotion
PubMed: 37511151
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411392 -
Toxins Oct 2022Mycotoxins are generated by a series of fungal pathogens in postharvest fruit, resulting in serious health threat to consumers and great economic loss to the fruit...
Mycotoxins are generated by a series of fungal pathogens in postharvest fruit, resulting in serious health threat to consumers and great economic loss to the fruit storage industry. The microbial differences between rotten and healthy fruit during storage and their relationship with mycotoxin production have not been fully studied. In this study, differences in microbial diversity between rotten and healthy fruit after 30 days of storage at ambient temperature were investigated using high-throughput sequencing technology in 'Huangguan' pear ( Rehd cv. Huangguan) harvested from five different producing regions of Hebei province, China. The bacterial genus was much more abundant in rotten fruit (76.24%) than that in healthy fruit (32.36%). In addition, and were also relatively higher in abundance in rotten fruit. In contrast, bacterial genera , , , , and _UCG were found to be more abundant in healthy fruit. Fungal genera including , , , , , , and were found to be abundant in rotten fruit. The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that there were significant differences in the microbial diversity of different regions. PAT (patulin) was detected in all rotten fruit samples, while tenuazonic acid (TeA), alternariol (AOH), and alternariolmonomethyl ether (AME) were only detected in samples collected from one region (Weixian). Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and Pearson correlation analysis showed that the abundance of and were negatively correlated with the contents of PAT, suggesting that bacterial genera and have potential in reducing mycotoxin production in 'Huangguan' pear.
Topics: Pyrus; Mycotoxins; Tenuazonic Acid; Patulin; Alternaria; Fruit; Ethers
PubMed: 36287968
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100699