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International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2021Eugenol is a phenolic aromatic compound obtained mainly from clove oil. Due to its known antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and... (Review)
Review
Eugenol is a phenolic aromatic compound obtained mainly from clove oil. Due to its known antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it has long been used in various areas, such as cosmetology, medicine, and pharmacology. However, high concentrations can be toxic. A dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight is regarded as safe. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the activities and application of eugenol and its derivatives and recent research of these compounds. This review is based on information concerning eugenol characteristics and recent research from articles in PubMed. Eugenol remains of great interest to researchers, since its multidirectional action allows it to be a potential component of drugs and other products with therapeutic potential against a range of diseases.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Eugenol; Humans
PubMed: 33916044
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073671 -
Biomolecules Jan 2020Herbal medicinal products have been documented as a significant source for discovering new pharmaceutical molecules that have been used to treat serious diseases. Many... (Review)
Review
Herbal medicinal products have been documented as a significant source for discovering new pharmaceutical molecules that have been used to treat serious diseases. Many plant species have been reported to have pharmacological activities attributable to their phytoconstituents such are glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, etc. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) is a traditional spice that has been used for food preservation and possesses various pharmacological activities. S. aromaticum is rich in many phytochemicals as follows: sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, hydrocarbon, and phenolic compounds. Eugenyl acetate, eugenol, and β-caryophyllene are the most significant phytochemicals in clove oil. Pharmacologically, S. aromaticum has been examined toward various pathogenic parasites and microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria, Plasmodium, Babesia, Theileria parasites, Herpes simplex, and hepatitis C viruses. Several reports documented the analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiseptic, anti-depressant, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial activity of eugenol against several pathogenic bacteria including methicillin-resistant and . Moreover, eugenol was found to protect against CClinduced hepatotoxicity and showed a potential lethal efficacy against the multiplication of various parasites including , , and . This review examines the phytochemical composition and biological activities of clove extracts along with clove essential oil and the main active compound, eugenol, and implicates new findings from gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Clove Oil; Eugenol; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Plant Extracts; Syzygium
PubMed: 32019140
DOI: 10.3390/biom10020202 -
Cell Reports Jun 2019Hair plays important roles, ranging from the conservation of body heat to the preservation of psychological well-being. Hair loss or alopecia affects millions worldwide,...
Hair plays important roles, ranging from the conservation of body heat to the preservation of psychological well-being. Hair loss or alopecia affects millions worldwide, but methods that can be used to regrow hair are lacking. We report that quiescent (telogen) hair follicles can be stimulated to initiate anagen and hair growth by small molecules that activate autophagy, including the metabolites α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and α-ketobutyrate (α-KB), and the prescription drugs rapamycin and metformin, which impinge on mTOR and AMPK signaling. Stimulation of hair growth by these agents is blocked by specific autophagy inhibitors, suggesting a mechanistic link between autophagy and hair regeneration. Consistently, increased autophagy is detected upon anagen entry during the natural hair follicle cycle, and oral α-KB prevents hair loss in aged mice. Our finding that anagen can be pharmacologically activated in telogen skin when natural anagen-inducing signal(s) are absent has implications for the treatment of hair loss patients.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Aging; Allyl Compounds; Alopecia; Animals; Autophagy; Butyrates; Cell Division; Female; Hair; Hair Follicle; Ketoglutaric Acids; Male; Metformin; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oligomycins; Quinazolines; Signal Transduction; Sirolimus; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
PubMed: 31216464
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.070 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Oct 2019A palladium-catalyzed dearomative syn-1,4-oxyamination protocol using non-activated arenes has been developed. This one-pot procedure utilizes arenophile chemistry, and...
A palladium-catalyzed dearomative syn-1,4-oxyamination protocol using non-activated arenes has been developed. This one-pot procedure utilizes arenophile chemistry, and the corresponding para-cycloadducts are treated with oxygen nucleophiles via formal allylic substitution, providing direct access to syn-1,4-oxyaminated products. The reaction conditions permit a range of arenes, as well as different O-nucleophiles, such as oximes and benzyl alcohols. Moreover, this process was established in an asymmetric fashion, delivering products with high enantioselectivity. The dearomatized products are amenable to a multitude of further derivatizations ranging from olefin chemistry to C-H activation, giving rise to a diverse set of new functionalities. Overall, this dearomative functionalization offers rapid and controlled formation of molecular complexity, enabling straightforward access to functionalized small molecules from simple and readily available arenes.
Topics: Allyl Compounds; Amines; Catalysis; Cycloaddition Reaction; Molecular Structure; Oxygen; Palladium; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 31482682
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909838 -
Dermatologic Therapy Aug 2022Honokiol is one of the natural extracts of Magnolia officinalis. It is a small molecule, lipophilic compound with extensive biological effects. It has been used in the... (Review)
Review
Honokiol is one of the natural extracts of Magnolia officinalis. It is a small molecule, lipophilic compound with extensive biological effects. It has been used in the treatment of multisystem diseases, including digestive diseases, endocrine diseases, nervous system diseases, and various tumors. This paper reviews the biological effects of honokiol on the treatment of skin diseases in recent years, including anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-fibrosis, anti-allergy, photo-protection, and immunomodulation. Most current researches are focused on the effects of anti-melanoma and photo-protection. Therefore, we summarized the specific mechanisms about these two effects. On the other side of treating skin diseases, the advantages of topical drugs cannot be replaced. As a small molecule fat-soluble compound, honokiol is suitable for external use. We reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of the topical mixed cream and various improved methods. These improvements include physical and chemical penetration enhancers, drug carriers, and chemical derivatives. In conclusion, honokiol has a wide range of effects, and its topical preparation provides a safe and effective way for treating skin diseases.
Topics: Allyl Compounds; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Dermatology; Humans; Lignans; Phenols; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 35726011
DOI: 10.1111/dth.15658 -
BioMed Research International 2015The search for new bioactive substances with anticancer activity and the understanding of their mechanisms of action are high-priorities in the research effort toward... (Review)
Review
The search for new bioactive substances with anticancer activity and the understanding of their mechanisms of action are high-priorities in the research effort toward more effective treatments for cancer. The phenylpropanoids are natural products found in many aromatic and medicinal plants, food, and essential oils. They exhibit various pharmacological activities and have applications in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, the anticancer potential of 17 phenylpropanoids and derivatives from essential oils is discussed. Chemical structures, experimental report, and mechanisms of action of bioactive substances are presented.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Eugenol; Humans; Neoplasms; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils
PubMed: 25949996
DOI: 10.1155/2015/392674 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2020New chrysin-De-allyl-Pac-1 hybrid analogues, tethered with variable heterocyclic systems (-), were rationally designed and synthesized. The target compounds were...
New chrysin-De-allyl-Pac-1 hybrid analogues, tethered with variable heterocyclic systems (-), were rationally designed and synthesized. The target compounds were screened for in vitro antiproliferative efficacy in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, MDA-MB-231, and normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). Two compounds, and , had the highest efficacy and selectivity towards MDA-MB-231 cells, and thus, were further evaluated by mechanistic experiments. The results indicated that both compounds and induced apoptosis by (1) inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase in MDA-MB-231 cells, and (2) activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathways in a concentration-dependent manner. Physicochemical characterizations of these compounds suggested that they can be further optimized as potential anticancer compounds for TNBC cells. Overall, our results suggest that and could be suitable leads for developing novel compounds to treat TNBC.
Topics: Allyl Compounds; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Female; Flavonoids; Humans; Hydrazones; Piperazines; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 32635530
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133063 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021Natural products have been used by humanity for many centuries to treat various illnesses and with the advancement of technology, it became possible to isolate the... (Review)
Review
Natural products have been used by humanity for many centuries to treat various illnesses and with the advancement of technology, it became possible to isolate the substances responsible for the beneficial effects of these products, as well as to understand their mechanisms. In this context, myristicin, a substance of natural origin, has shown several promising activities in a large number of in vitro and in vivo studies carried out. This molecule is found in plants such as nutmeg, parsley, carrots, peppers, and several species endemic to the Asian continent. The purpose of this review article is to discuss data published in the last 10 years at Pubmed, Lilacs and Scielo databases, reporting beneficial effects, toxicity and promising data of myristicin for its future use in medicine. From 94 articles found in the literature, 68 were included. Exclusion criteria took into account articles whose tested extracts did not have myristicin as one of the major compounds.
Topics: Allylbenzene Derivatives; Animals; Dioxolanes; Humans; Myristica; Protective Agents; Review Literature as Topic
PubMed: 34641457
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195914 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2018The bioactive compounds found in foods and medicinal plants are attractive molecules for the development of new drugs with action against several diseases, such as those... (Review)
Review
The bioactive compounds found in foods and medicinal plants are attractive molecules for the development of new drugs with action against several diseases, such as those associated with inflammatory processes, which are commonly related to oxidative stress. Many of these compounds have an appreciable inhibitory effect on oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and may contribute in a preventive way to improve the quality of life through the use of a diet rich in these compounds. Eugenol is a natural compound that has several pharmacological activities, action on the redox status, and applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Considering the importance of this compound, the present review discusses its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, demonstrating its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Bone Remodeling; Eugenol; Humans; Inflammation Mediators
PubMed: 30425782
DOI: 10.1155/2018/3957262 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2021The biologically active phytochemicals are sourced from edible and medicinally important plants and are important molecules being used for the formulation of thousands... (Review)
Review
The biologically active phytochemicals are sourced from edible and medicinally important plants and are important molecules being used for the formulation of thousands of drugs. These phytochemicals have great benefits against many ailments particularly the inflammatory diseases or oxidative stress-mediated chronic diseases. Eugenol (EUG) is a versatile naturally occurring molecule as phenolic monoterpenoid and frequently found in essential oils in a wide range of plant species. EUG bears huge industrial applications particularly in pharmaceutics, dentistry, flavoring of foods, agriculture, and cosmeceutics. It is being focused recently due to its great potential in preventing several chronic conditions. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared EUG as a nonmutant and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) molecule. The available literature about pharmacological activities of EUG shows remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties and has a significant effect on human health. The current manuscript summarizes the pharmacological characteristics of EUG and its potential health benefits.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Cell Survival; Eugenol; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Oils, Volatile; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 34394824
DOI: 10.1155/2021/2497354