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Microbial Cell Factories Jan 2018Mushroom showed pellet, clump and/or filamentous mycelial morphologies during submerged fermentation. Addition of microparticles including Talc (magnesium silicate),...
BACKGROUND
Mushroom showed pellet, clump and/or filamentous mycelial morphologies during submerged fermentation. Addition of microparticles including Talc (magnesium silicate), aluminum oxide and titanium oxide could control mycelial morphologies to improve mycelia growth and secondary metabolites production. Here, effect of microparticle Talc (45 μm) addition on the mycelial morphology, fermentation performance, monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides and enzymes activities associated with polysaccharide synthesis in G. frondosa was well investigated to find a clue of the relationship between polysaccharide biosynthesis and morphological changes.
RESULTS
Addition of Talc decreased the diameter of the pellets and increased the percentage of S-fraction mycelia. Talc gave the maximum mycelial biomass of 19.25 g/L and exo-polysaccharide of 3.12 g/L at 6.0 g/L of Talc, and mycelial polysaccharide of 0.24 g/g at 3.0 g/L of Talc. Talc altered the monosaccharide compositions/percentages in G. frondosa mycelial polysaccharide with highest mannose percentage of 62.76 % and lowest glucose percentage of 15.22 % followed with the corresponding changes of polysaccharide-synthesis associated enzymes including lowest UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) activity of 91.18 mU/mg and highest UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDG) and GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMPPB) activities of 81.45 mU/mg and 93.15 mU/mg.
CONCLUSION
Our findings revealed that the presence of Talc significantly changed the polysaccharide production and sugar compositions/percentages in mycelial and exo-polysaccharides by affecting mycelial morphology and polysaccharide-biosynthesis related enzymes activities of G. frondosa.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Biomass; Culture Media; Fermentation; Grifola; Magnesium Silicates; Microspheres; Mycelium; Polysaccharides; Talc; Titanium
PubMed: 29306327
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0850-2 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022In this paper, we studied the scandium adsorption from aqueous solutions on the surface of low-temperature-activated alumina products (GDAH). The GDAH samples are...
In this paper, we studied the scandium adsorption from aqueous solutions on the surface of low-temperature-activated alumina products (GDAH). The GDAH samples are industrially manufactured, coming from the Bayer production cycle of the Sierra Leone bauxite as aluminium hydroxide, and further, by drying, milling, classifying and thermally treating up to dehydroxilated alumina products at low temperature. All experiments related to hydroxide aluminium activation were conducted at temperature values of 260, 300 and 400 °C on samples having the following particle sizes: <10 µm, 20 µm, <45 µm and <150 µm, respectively. The low-temperature-activated alumina products were characterised, and the results were published in our previous papers. In this paper, we studied the scandium adsorption process on the above materials and related thermodynamic and kinetic studies.
Topics: Adsorption; Aluminum Oxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Scandium; Temperature; Water
PubMed: 36077540
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710142 -
Advances in Therapy Jan 2022This long-term post-marketing surveillance (SAPPHIRE) collected information on the safety and effectiveness of canagliflozin (approved dose 100 mg) prescribed to...
INTRODUCTION
This long-term post-marketing surveillance (SAPPHIRE) collected information on the safety and effectiveness of canagliflozin (approved dose 100 mg) prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in real-world practice in Japan.
METHODS
Patients with T2DM who were prescribed canagliflozin between December 2014 and September 2016 were registered and observed for up to 3 years. Safety was evaluated in terms of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Effectiveness was assessed in terms of glycaemic control. Data were also analysed across age subgroups (< 65, ≥ 65 to < 75, and ≥ 75 years old) and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) categories for chronic kidney disease (G1-G5 based on eGFR) at baseline.
RESULTS
A total of 12,227 patients were included in the safety analyses and 11,675 in effectiveness analyses. Overall, 7104 patients were treated with canagliflozin for ≥ 3 years. The mean age, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and eGFR at baseline were 58.4 ± 12.5 years, 8.01 ± 1.49%, and 80.04 ± 21.85 mL/min/1.73 m, respectively. There were 1836 ADRs in 1312 patients (10.73%) and 268 serious ADRs in 225 patients (1.84%). The most common ADRs were those related to volume depletion (1.39%), genital infection (1.34%), polyuria/pollakiuria (1.23%), and urinary tract infection (1.19%). The frequencies of ADRs tended to increase with age and stage of chronic kidney disease. The reductions in mean HbA1c after starting canagliflozin were maintained for up to 3 years with a mean change of - 0.68% (n = 6345 at 3 years). Maintained reductions in mean HbA1c were observed in each age subgroup and in patients with G1-G3b renal function.
CONCLUSION
This surveillance in real-world clinical practice showed that canagliflozin provides sustained glucose-lowering effects in patients with T2DM, including elderly patients and patients with moderate renal impairment, without new safety concerns beyond those already described in the Japanese package insert.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
JapicCTI-153048.
Topics: Aged; Aluminum Oxide; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Japan; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34853985
DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01984-4 -
Toxins Oct 2022Various bacterial pathogens are producing toxins that target the cyclic Nucleotide Monophosphate (cNMPs) signaling pathways in order to facilitate host colonization....
Various bacterial pathogens are producing toxins that target the cyclic Nucleotide Monophosphate (cNMPs) signaling pathways in order to facilitate host colonization. Among them, several are exhibiting potent nucleotidyl cyclase activities that are activated by eukaryotic factors, such as the adenylate cyclase (AC) toxin, CyaA, from or the edema factor, EF, from . The characterization of these toxins frequently requires accurate measurements of their enzymatic activity in vitro, in particular for deciphering their structure-to-function relationships by protein engineering and site-directed mutagenesis. Here we describe a simple and robust in vitro assay for AC activity based on the spectrophotometric detection of cyclic AMP (cAMP) after chromatographic separation on aluminum oxide. This assay can accurately detect down to fmol amounts of CyaA and can even be used in complex media, such as cell extracts. The relative advantages and disadvantages of this assay in comparison with other currently available methods are briefly discussed.
Topics: Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; Cell Extracts; Bordetella pertussis; Cyclic AMP; Nucleotides, Cyclic; Aluminum Oxide
PubMed: 36287960
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100691 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Dec 2022The research was focused on alternative treatment techniques, separating immediate and long-term reconstruction stages. The work involved development of ceramic...
The research was focused on alternative treatment techniques, separating immediate and long-term reconstruction stages. The work involved development of ceramic materials dedicated to reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint area. They were based on alumina (aluminum oxide) and characterized by varying porosities. A broad spectrum of studies was conducted to test the proposed material and determine its suitability for mandibular reconstruction. They compared the effects of substrate properties of ceramic materials in terms of biocompatibility, microbiology and systemic toxicity in in vivo studies. Finally it was concluded that Alumina LithaLox 350D is best suited for jawbone implants.
Topics: Humans; Ceramics; Aluminum Oxide; Bone and Bones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Neoplasms; Materials Testing
PubMed: 36274400
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112943 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Optical sensors excel in performance but face efficacy challenges when submerged due to potential surface colonization, leading to signal deviation. This necessitates...
Optical sensors excel in performance but face efficacy challenges when submerged due to potential surface colonization, leading to signal deviation. This necessitates robust solutions for sustained accuracy. Protein and microorganism adsorption on solid surfaces is crucial in antibiofilm studies, contributing to conditioning film and biofilm formation. Most studies focus on surface characteristics (hydrophilicity, roughness, charge, and composition) individually for their adhesion impact. In this work, we tested four materials: silica, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, and parylene C. Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) served as the biofouling conditioning model, assessed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Its effect on microorganism adhesion (modeled with functionalized microbeads) was quantified using a shear stress flow chamber. Surface features and adhesion properties were correlated via Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Protein adsorption is influenced by nanoscale roughness, hydrophilicity, and likely correlated with superficial electron distribution and bond nature. Conditioning films alter the surface interaction with microbeads, affecting hydrophilicity and local charge distribution. Silica shows a significant increase in microbead adhesion, while parylene C exhibits a moderate increase, and titanium dioxide shows reduced adhesion. Alumina demonstrates notable stability, with the conditioning film minimally impacting adhesion, which remains low.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Silicon Dioxide; Surface Properties; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Titanium; Adsorption
PubMed: 38067919
DOI: 10.3390/s23239546 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023This work represents research into materials designed to improve the environment. The study was carried out on aluminum hydroxide xerogels and alumina catalysts obtained...
This work represents research into materials designed to improve the environment. The study was carried out on aluminum hydroxide xerogels and alumina catalysts obtained by the Controlled Double Jet Precipitation (CDJP) process at different pH values. It has been shown that the pH of the CDJP process determines the content of aluminum-bound nitrate ions in the aluminum hydroxide. These ions are removed at a higher temperature than the decomposition of ammonium nitrate. The high content of aluminum-bound nitrate ions determines the structural disorder of the alumina and the high content of the penta-coordinated alumina catalyst.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Nitrates; Aluminum Hydroxide; Aluminum; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 36982226
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065151 -
Journal of Biomedical Science Feb 2023Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have linked RRBP1 (ribosomal-binding protein 1) genetic variants to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and serum lipoprotein...
BACKGROUND
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have linked RRBP1 (ribosomal-binding protein 1) genetic variants to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and serum lipoprotein levels. However, how RRBP1 regulates blood pressure is unknown.
METHODS
To identify genetic variants associated with blood pressure, we performed a genome-wide linkage analysis with regional fine mapping in the Stanford Asia-Pacific Program for Hypertension and Insulin Resistance (SAPPHIRe) cohort. We further investigated the role of the RRBP1 gene using a transgenic mouse model and a human cell model.
RESULTS
In the SAPPHIRe cohort, we discovered that genetic variants of the RRBP1 gene were associated with blood pressure variation, which was confirmed by other GWASs for blood pressure. Rrbp1- knockout (KO) mice had lower blood pressure and were more likely to die suddenly from severe hyperkalemia caused by phenotypically hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism than wild-type controls. The survival of Rrbp1-KO mice significantly decreased under high potassium intake due to lethal hyperkalemia-induced arrhythmia and persistent hypoaldosteronism, which could be rescued by fludrocortisone. An immunohistochemical study revealed renin accumulation in the juxtaglomerular cells of Rrbp1-KO mice. In the RRBP1-knockdown Calu-6 cells, a human renin-producing cell line, transmission electron and confocal microscopy revealed that renin was primarily retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and was unable to efficiently target the Golgi apparatus for secretion.
CONCLUSIONS
RRBP1 deficiency in mice caused hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, resulting in lower blood pressure, severe hyperkalemia, and sudden cardiac death. In juxtaglomerular cells, deficiency of RRBP1 reduced renin intracellular trafficking from ER to Golgi apparatus. RRBP1 is a brand-new regulator of blood pressure and potassium homeostasis discovered in this study.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Aldosterone; Aluminum Oxide; Blood Pressure; Genome-Wide Association Study; Homeostasis; Hyperkalemia; Hypertension; Hypoaldosteronism; Potassium; Renin; Carrier Proteins
PubMed: 36803854
DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00905-7 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2020The rapid evolution of the neuromorphic computing stimulates the search for novel brain-inspired electronic devices. Synaptic transistors are three-terminal devices that...
The rapid evolution of the neuromorphic computing stimulates the search for novel brain-inspired electronic devices. Synaptic transistors are three-terminal devices that can mimic the chemical synapses while consuming low power, whereby an insulating dielectric layer physically separates output and input signals from each other. Appropriate choice of the dielectric is crucial in achieving a wide range of operation frequencies in these devices. Here we report synaptic transistors with printed aluminum oxide dielectrics, improving the operation frequency of solution-processed synaptic transistors by almost two orders of magnitude to 50 kHz. Fabricated devices, yielding synaptic response for all audio frequencies (20 Hz to 20 kHz), are employed in an acoustic response system to show the potential for future research in neuro-acoustic signal processing with printed oxide electronics.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Biomimetic Materials; Biomimetics; Electronics; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Synapses; Transistors, Electronic
PubMed: 33028862
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73705-w -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Mar 2023The objective of this prospective randomized monocentric study is to compare the speed and quality of interbody fusion of implanted porous AlO (aluminium oxide) cages... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The objective of this prospective randomized monocentric study is to compare the speed and quality of interbody fusion of implanted porous AlO (aluminium oxide) cages with PEEK (polyetheretherketone) cages in ACDF (anterior cervical discectomy and fusion).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 111 patients were enrolled in the study, which was carried out between 2015 and 2021. The 18-month follow-up (FU) was completed in 68 patients with an AlO cage and 35 patients with a PEEK cage in one-level ACDF. Initially, the first evidence (initialization) of fusion was evaluated on computed tomography. Subsequently, interbody fusion was evaluated according to the fusion quality scale, fusion rate and incidence of subsidence.
RESULTS
Signs of incipient fusion at 3 months were detected in 22% of cases with the AlO cage and 37.1% with the PEEK cage. At 12-month FU, the fusion rate was 88.2% for AlO and 97.1% for PEEK cages, and at the final FU at 18 months, 92.6% and 100%, respectively. The incidence of subsidence was observed to be 11.8% and 22.9% of cases with AlO and PEEK cages, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Porous AlO cages demonstrated a lower speed and quality of fusion in comparison with PEEK cages. However, the fusion rate of AlO cages was within the range of published results for various cages. The incidence of subsidence of AlO cages was lower compared to published results. We consider the porous AlO cage as safe for a stand-alone disc replacement in ACDF.
Topics: Humans; Porosity; Prospective Studies; Diskectomy; Aluminum Oxide; Ketones; Polyethylene Glycols
PubMed: 36869376
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03625-8