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Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Dec 2019Posterosuperior (or internal) impingement at the shoulder is defined as contact between the underside of the supraspinatus or infraspinatus tendons with the...
UNLABELLED
Posterosuperior (or internal) impingement at the shoulder is defined as contact between the underside of the supraspinatus or infraspinatus tendons with the posterosuperior labrum during extreme external rotation and abduction. In many cases, this contact damages the tendon and causes mirror posterosuperior labrum deterioration. The primary aim of this study was to define whether this contact occurs normally in patients who do not have a rotator cuff tear.
METHODS
We evaluated 100 shoulders in 100 patients. All patients were operated on in the beach chair position. After introducing the scope through the posterior portal, contact between the articular side of the rotator cuff and the posterosuperior labrum was noted as being present or absent when the arm was cocked in 90° abduction and 90° external rotation (90/90) then the arm was cocked in 140° abduction and maximum external rotation (140/Max).
RESULTS
Contact was observed in 69% of patients in the 90/90 cocked position and in 94% of patients in the 140/Max cocked position. We found a correlation between the presence of rotator cuff and/or labrum lesions and the patient regularly performing arm-cock movements (p=0.035).
DISCUSSION
Contact between the underside of the supraspinatus tendon and the posterosuperior labrum occurs physiologically. Repetitive arm-cock movements may contribute to macroscopic lesions of the underside of the rotator cuff and posterosuperior labrum.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
IV, basic science study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arthroscopy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement; Posture; Rotation; Rotator Cuff; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Shoulder Joint; Young Adult
PubMed: 31542312
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2019.09.005 -
The New Phytologist Jun 2022Bacterial communities form the basis of biogeochemical processes and determine plant growth and health. Mosses harbour diverse bacterial communities that are involved in...
Bacterial communities form the basis of biogeochemical processes and determine plant growth and health. Mosses harbour diverse bacterial communities that are involved in nitrogen fixation and carbon cycling. Global climate change is causing changes in aboveground plant biomass and shifting species composition in the Arctic, but little is known about the response of moss microbiomes in these environments. Here, we studied the total and potentially active bacterial communities associated with Racomitrium lanuginosum in response to a 20-yr in situ warming in an Icelandic heathland. We evaluated the effect of warming and warming-induced shrub expansion on the moss bacterial community composition and diversity, and nifH gene abundance. Warming changed both the total and the potentially active bacterial community structure, while litter abundance only affected the total bacterial community structure. The abundance of nifH genes was negatively affected by litter abundance. We also found shifts in the potentially nitrogen-fixing community, with Nostoc decreasing and noncyanobacterial diazotrophs increasing in relative abundance. Our data suggest that the moss microbial community and potentially nitrogen fixing taxa will be sensitive to future warming, partly via changes in litter and shrub abundance.
Topics: Arctic Regions; Bacteria; Bryophyta; Microbiota; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Fixation; Tundra
PubMed: 34719786
DOI: 10.1111/nph.17837 -
PloS One 2023Electromagnetic diaphragm pump is a kind of widely applied diaphragm pump that has promising sealing performance, simple structure and low power loss. Planar pole...
Electromagnetic diaphragm pump is a kind of widely applied diaphragm pump that has promising sealing performance, simple structure and low power loss. Planar pole electromagnet is a significant component of the electromagnetic diaphragm pump. However, the sharply changing displacement-force characteristics of the planar pole electromagnet do not match the constant load characteristics of the electromagnetic diaphragm pump. Herein, an electromagnet with variable pole area is put forward. A theoretical relationship between structural parameters, the Ampere turns and the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet with variable pole area is determined by analyzing the equivalent magnetic circuit of the electromagnet with variable pole area. The experimental results imply that the initial electromagnetic force of the electromagnet with variable pole area is 32.51% larger than the planar pole electromagnet, the engaging electromagnetic force of the electromagnet with variable pole area is 22.3% smaller than the planar pole electromagnet and the displacement-force characteristics of the electromagnet with variable pole area match the constant load characteristics of the electromagnetic diaphragm pump.
Topics: Magnets; Diaphragm; Electromagnetic Phenomena; Mechanical Phenomena; Magnetics
PubMed: 37824558
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292685 -
Science Advances Sep 2023Designing an efficient catalyst for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of critical importance in manipulating proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE)...
Designing an efficient catalyst for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of critical importance in manipulating proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) for hydrogen production. Here, we report a fast, nonequilibrium strategy to synthesize quinary high-entropy ruthenium iridium-based oxide (M-RuIrFeCoNiO) with abundant grain boundaries (GB), which exhibits a low overpotential of 189 millivolts at 10 milliamperes per square centimeter for OER in 0.5 M HSO. Microstructural analyses, density functional calculations, and isotope-labeled differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy measurements collectively reveal that the integration of foreign metal elements and GB is responsible for the enhancement of activity and stability of RuO toward OER. A PEMWE using M-RuIrFeCoNiO catalyst can steadily operate at a large current density of 1 ampere per square centimeter for over 500 hours. This work demonstrates a pathway to design high-performance OER electrocatalysts by integrating the advantages of various components and GB, which breaks the limits of thermodynamic solubility for different metal elements.
PubMed: 37713495
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9144 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023This paper presents an effective compact model of current transfer for the estimation of hysteresis parameters on the volt-ampere characteristics of resonant-tunneling...
This paper presents an effective compact model of current transfer for the estimation of hysteresis parameters on the volt-ampere characteristics of resonant-tunneling diodes. In the framework of the compact model, the appearance of hysteresis is explained as a manifestation of internal bistability due to interelectronic interaction in the channel of the resonant-tunneling structure. Unlike the models based on the method of equivalent circuits, the interelectronic interaction in the compact model is taken into account using the concentration parameter. Model validation allowed us to confirm the high accuracy of the model not only at the initial section of the volt-ampere characteristics, but also at the hysteresis parameters traditionally predicted with low accuracy, namely the loop width (∆ < 0.5%) and contrast (∆ < 7%). Thus, it is concluded that the models are promising for integration into systems for synthesizing the electrical characteristics of resonant-tunneling diodes.
PubMed: 37766032
DOI: 10.3390/s23187977 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Dec 2018Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is the main complication of ankle sprains and requires surgery if non-operative treatment fails. Surgical ankle stabilisation techniques...
BACKGROUND
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is the main complication of ankle sprains and requires surgery if non-operative treatment fails. Surgical ankle stabilisation techniques can be roughly classified into two groups, namely, repair involving retensioning and suturing of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) and reconstruction using a tendon graft. Arthroscopic repair and reconstruction techniques for CAI have been introduced recently. The objective of this prospective multicentre study was to assess the feasibility, morbidity, and short-term outcomes of these arthroscopic ankle-stabilisation techniques.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Consecutive patients scheduled for arthroscopic treatment of CAI were included prospectively. Of the 286 included patients, 115 underwent ligament repair and 171 ligament reconstruction. Mean follow-up was 9.6 months (range, 6-43 months). We recorded the AOFAS and Karlsson scores, patient satisfaction, complications, and time to return to sports.
RESULTS
The overall patient satisfaction score was 8.5/10. The AOFAS and Karlsson scores improved significantly between the pre- and postoperative assessments, from 62.1 to 89.2 and from 55 to 87.1, respectively. These scores were not significantly different between the groups treated by repair and by reconstruction. Neurological complications occurred in 10% of patients and consisted chiefly in transient dysesthesia (with neuroma in 3.5% of patients). Cutaneous or infectious complications requiring surgical revision developed in 4.2% of patients.
DISCUSSION
Arthroscopic treatment is becoming a method of choice for patients with CAI, as it allows a comprehensive assessment of the ligament lesions, the detection and treatment of associated lesions, and repair or reconstruction of the damaged ligaments. These simple, reliable, and reproducible arthroscopic techniques seem as effective as conventional surgical techniques. The rate of cutaneous complications is at least halved compared to open surgery.
CONCLUSION
Arthroscopic ankle stabilisation repair and reconstruction techniques hold considerable promise but require further evaluation to better determine the indications of repair versus reconstruction and to obtain information on long-term outcomes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ankle Injuries; Ankle Joint; Arthroscopy; Child; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Joint Instability; Lateral Ligament, Ankle; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Satisfaction; Postoperative Period; Prospective Studies; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Reoperation; Tendons; Young Adult
PubMed: 30245066
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2018.09.005 -
Biomolecules Feb 2022Although Next-Generation Sequencing techniques have increased our access to the soil microbiome, each step of soil metagenomics presents inherent biases that prevent the...
Although Next-Generation Sequencing techniques have increased our access to the soil microbiome, each step of soil metagenomics presents inherent biases that prevent the accurate definition of the soil microbiome and its ecosystem function. In this study, we compared the effects of DNA extraction and sequencing depth on bacterial richness discovery from two soil samples. Four DNA extraction methods were used, and sequencing duplicates were generated for each DNA sample. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to determine the taxonomical richness measured by each method at the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) level. Both the overall functional richness and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) richness were evaluated by metagenomics sequencing. Despite variable DNA extraction methods, sequencing depth had a greater influence on bacterial richness discovery at both the taxonomical and functional levels. Sequencing duplicates from the same sample provided access to different portions of bacterial richness, and this was related to differences in the sequencing depth. Thus, the sequencing depth introduced biases in the comparison of DNA extraction methods. An optimisation of the soil metagenomics workflow is needed in order to sequence at a sufficient and equal depth. This would improve the accuracy of metagenomic comparisons and soil microbiome profiles.
Topics: Bacteria; DNA; DNA, Bacterial; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil
PubMed: 35327556
DOI: 10.3390/biom12030364 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) applied to soil reduce nitrogen fertilizer losses from agr-ecosystems. NIs that are currently registered for use in agriculture appear to...
Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) applied to soil reduce nitrogen fertilizer losses from agr-ecosystems. NIs that are currently registered for use in agriculture appear to selectively inhibit ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), while their impact on other nitrifiers is limited or unknown. Ethoxyquin (EQ), a fruit preservative shown to inhibit ammonia-oxidizers (AO) in soil, is rapidly transformed to 2,6-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-quinone imine (QI), and 2,4-dimethyl-6-ethoxy-quinoline (EQNL). We compared the inhibitory potential of EQ and its derivatives with that of dicyandiamide (DCD), nitrapyrin (NP), and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole-phosphate (DMPP), NIs that have been used in agricultural settings. The effect of each compound on the growth of AOB (), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA; " Nitrosocosmicus franklandus," " Nitrosotalea sinensis"), and a nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB; sp. NHB1), all being soil isolates, were determined in liquid culture over a range of concentrations by measuring nitrite production or consumption and qPCR of and genes, respectively. The degradation of NIs in the liquid cultures was also determined. In all cultures, EQ was transformed to the short-lived QI (major derivative) and the persistent EQNL (minor derivative). They all showed significantly higher inhibition activity of AOA compared to AOB and NOB isolates. QI was the most potent AOA inhibitor (EC = 0.3-0.7 μM) compared to EQ (EC = 1-1.4 μM) and EQNL (EC = 26.6-129.5 μM). The formation and concentration of QI in EQ-amended cultures correlated with the inhibition patterns for all isolates suggesting that it was primarily responsible for inhibition after application of EQ. DCD and DMPP showed greater inhibition of AOB compared to AOA or NOB, with DMPP being more potent (EC = 221.9-248.7 μM EC = 0.6-2.1 μM). NP was the only NI to which both AOA and AOB were equally sensitive with EC of 0.8-2.1 and 1.0-6.7 μM, respectively. Overall, EQ, QI, and NP were the most potent NIs against AOA, NP, and DMPP were the most effective against AOB, while NP, EQ and its derivatives showed the highest activity against the NOB isolate. Our findings benchmark the activity range of known and novel NIs with practical implications for their use in agriculture and the development of NIs with broad or complementary activity against all AO.
PubMed: 33250872
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581283 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Dec 2021The talus is a central bone in the hindfoot that is difficult to access surgically. Performing a medial or lateral malleolar osteotomy in the management of an...
UNLABELLED
The talus is a central bone in the hindfoot that is difficult to access surgically. Performing a medial or lateral malleolar osteotomy in the management of an osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) is a feared procedure amongst surgeons and their patients. The objective of this study was to assess the complications inherent to malleolar osteotomies in the treatment of OLTs.
HYPOTHESIS
The use of a standardized protocol concerning the technical performance and osteosynthesis of malleolar osteotomies results in fewer postoperative complications than a non-standardized protocol.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
This is a comparative study comprising a prospective multicenter non-randomized series with a standardized protocol for performing malleolar osteotomies, and a multicenter retrospective series without a standardized protocol. We included all patients aged 16 to 65 years with symptomatic OLTs, resistant to more than 6-months of well-conducted medical treatment, for whom surgery was considered. The minimum follow-up was 1 year for the prospective study, and 5 years for the retrospective study. A total of 86 and 97 patients were included in the prospective and retrospective studies, respectively. Of these 183 patients, 86 patients (33 prospective and 53 retrospective) underwent medial or lateral malleolar osteotomies as part of their surgery for OLT. Complications specific to the osteotomy procedures such as scar tissue, surgical site infection, non-union, articular malunion, neurological lesions or surgical revision, were investigated.
RESULTS
No specific complication was found to be associated to the malleolar osteotomy. No surgical revision was directly linked to the osteotomy procedure. No significant difference was found between the two series.
DISCUSSION
There was no evidence of morbidity related specifically to medial or lateral malleolar osteotomies. A standardized protocol, subject to rigorous technical implementation, does not improve results after malleolar osteotomy. The fear associated with this malleolar osteotomy procedure seems unfounded.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
IV.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Humans; Middle Aged; Osteotomy; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Talus; Transplantation, Autologous; Young Adult
PubMed: 34547541
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103070 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Dec 2021The superior part of the glenohumeral joint capsule has an intimate relationship with the tendons of the rotator cuff and the tendon of the long head of the biceps. One...
INTRODUCTION
The superior part of the glenohumeral joint capsule has an intimate relationship with the tendons of the rotator cuff and the tendon of the long head of the biceps. One of the strategies currently proposed in the event of a massive cuff rupture is to reconstruct this superior capsule. The main objective of this anatomical study was to describe the superior joint capsule of the embryonic glenohumeral joint and its relationship to the tendons of the rotator cuff.
HYPOTHESIS
The hypothesis was that this structure was an anatomical entity, morphologically identifiable from the embryogenesis of the joint (more pronounced tissue boundaries in the fetus).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In total, 101 continuous fetal anatomical sections (4 fetuses of 336mm), in the frontal plane, made it possible to identify and measure: diameters of the humeral head and glenoid, dimensions of the joint capsule insertion zone at the level of the greater tubercle, as well as the different thicknesses of this insertion zone. The ratios above the head of the biceps and against the superior labrum were also measured.
RESULTS
At the level of its distal insertion on the greater tuberosity, the thickness of the superior joint capsule varies on average between 0.8mm laterally and 1.2mm next to the tendons of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus; the thickness is 0.9mm next to the middle part of the supraspinatus tendon (the "rotator cable" zone). For its insertion at the level of the glenoid labrum, the superior capsule measures 0.6mm thick on average. The capsule around the tendon of the long head of the biceps is 1.5mm thick on average.
DISCUSSION
Here, we confirm the existence of this superior joint capsule, which can potentially be reconstructed. It is inserted on the greater tubercle covering 30 to 60% of its surface with variations in thickness. The joint capsule is fused to the supraspinatus tendon at the rotator cuff insertion area, preventing independent reinsertion of the tendon.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
IV; anatomical study.
Topics: Cadaver; Fetus; Humans; Humeral Head; Joint Capsule; Rotator Cuff; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 34562650
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103073