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Euphytica: Netherlands Journal of Plant... 2021It has been estimated that up to 90% of human exposure to cadmium is through food, and that cadmium within rice grains can be a major contributor to that dietary source....
UNLABELLED
It has been estimated that up to 90% of human exposure to cadmium is through food, and that cadmium within rice grains can be a major contributor to that dietary source. In this study genome wide association mapping was conducted on the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel (BAAP) of rice to identify quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for lowering grain cadmium. Field experiments were conducted over two years under two different irrigation systems: continually flooded and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). There was significant effects of water treatment, genotype, and genotype by water treatment interaction. Importantly, AWD increased grain cadmium, on average, by 49.6% and 108.8% in year 1 and 2 respectively. There was between 4.6 and 28 fold variation in cadmium concentration. A total of 58 QTLs were detected but no loci are clearly specific to one water regime despite approximately 20% of variation attributable to genotype by water regime interaction. A number of QTLs were consistent across most water treatments and years. These included QTLs on chromosome 7 (7.23-7.61, 8.93-9.04, and 29.12-29.14 Mbp), chromosome 5 (8.66-8.72 Mbp), and chromosome 9 (11.46-11.64 Mbp). Further analysis of the loci on chromosome 7 (8.93-9.04 Mbp), identified the candidate gene , where cultivars with a deletion upstream of the gene had higher concentrations of cadmium compared to the cultivars that did not have the deletion. The distribution of alleles within the BAAP suggest this QTL is easily detected in this population because it is composed of cultivars. Local genome cluster analysis suggest high Cd alleles are uncommon, but should be avoided in breeding.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s10681-020-02752-1).
PubMed: 33627887
DOI: 10.1007/s10681-020-02752-1 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine Aug 2022Despite continuous advances in surgical and immunosuppressive protocols, the long-term survival of transplanted kidneys is still far from being satisfactory.... (Review)
Review
Despite continuous advances in surgical and immunosuppressive protocols, the long-term survival of transplanted kidneys is still far from being satisfactory. Antibody-mediated rejection, recurrent autoimmune diseases, and death with functioning graft are the most frequent causes of late-kidney allograft failure. However, in addition to these complications, a number of other non-immunologic events may impair the function of transplanted kidneys and directly or indirectly lead to their failure. In this narrative review, we will list and discuss the most important nonimmune causes of late death-censored kidney graft failure, including quality of the donated kidney, adherence to prescriptions, drug toxicities, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, new onset diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia, and lifestyle of the renal transplant recipient. For each of these risk factors, we will report the etiopathogenesis and the potential consequences on graft function, keeping in mind that in many cases, two or more risk factors may negatively interact together.
PubMed: 36013220
DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081271 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019The interplay between microbes and atmospheric physical and chemical conditions is an open field of research that can only be fully addressed using multidisciplinary...
The interplay between microbes and atmospheric physical and chemical conditions is an open field of research that can only be fully addressed using multidisciplinary approaches. The lack of coordinated efforts to gather data at representative temporal and spatial scales limits aerobiology to help understand large scale patterns of global microbial biodiversity and its causal relationships with the environmental context. This paper presents the sampling strategy and analytical protocols developed in order to integrate different fields of research such as microbiology, -omics biology, atmospheric chemistry, physics and meteorology to characterize atmospheric microbial life. These include control of chemical and microbial contaminations from sampling to analysis and identification of experimental procedures for characterizing airborne microbial biodiversity and its functioning from the atmospheric samples collected at remote sites from low cell density environments. We used high-volume sampling strategy to address both chemical and microbial composition of the atmosphere, because it can help overcome low aerosol and microbial cell concentrations. To account for contaminations, exposed and unexposed control filters were processed along with the samples. We present a method that allows for the extraction of chemical and biological data from the same quartz filters. We tested different sampling times, extraction kits and methods to optimize DNA yield from filters. Based on our results, we recommend supplementary sterilization steps to reduce filter contamination induced by handling and transport. These include manipulation under laminar flow hoods and UV sterilization. In terms of DNA extraction, we recommend a vortex step and a heating step to reduce binding to the quartz fibers of the filters. These steps have led to a 10-fold increase in DNA yield, allowing for downstream omics analysis of air samples. Based on our results, our method can be integrated into pre-existing long-term monitoring field protocols for the atmosphere both in terms of atmospheric chemistry and biology. We recommend using standardized air volumes and to develop standard operating protocols for field users to better control the operational quality.
PubMed: 30967843
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00243 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Dec 2019Elbow osteoarthritis chiefly affects heavy manual labourers and athletes and may be primary or post-traumatic. Arthroscopic debridement for primary elbow osteoarthritis...
Elbow osteoarthritis chiefly affects heavy manual labourers and athletes and may be primary or post-traumatic. Arthroscopic debridement for primary elbow osteoarthritis reliably produces pain relief, motion range gains, and good functional outcomes. Total elbow arthroplasty, in contrast, is considered a salvage option in this patient population, as activities must be restricted to protect the implant. Here, we describe the operative technique used for arthroscopic elbow release in 87 patients with symptomatic elbow osteoarthritis included prospectively at 6 centres in a study that was conducted for a French Arthroscopy Society symposium and whose findings are reported elsewhere. The technique involves exploration of the anterior and posterior compartments with resection of motion-limiting osteophytes; clearing of the fossae; foreign body extraction; and treatment of the posterior and anterior capsule and of the lateral inclines. The indications of ulnar nerve release, radial head excision, release of the posterior band of the medial collateral ligament (MCL), and/or fenestration as described by Outerbridge-Kashiwagi are discussed. After 6 months, 93.5% of patients were satisfied with the procedure. No serious neurological complications were recorded. Wound healing was impaired in 4 patients, of whom 3 responded to local care; the remaining patient required open debridement for surgical-site infection. Complex regional pain syndrome developed in 3 patients. Ulnar nerve transposition was required secondarily in 1 patient and another patient had persistent dysesthesia after ulnar nerve release. This minimally invasive technique provides good short-term outcomes in primary elbow osteoarthritis and is associated with a low complication rate.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arthroscopy; Complex Regional Pain Syndromes; Debridement; Elbow Joint; Humans; Joint Loose Bodies; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Osteophyte; Patient Satisfaction; Radius; Range of Motion, Articular; Surgical Wound Infection; Ulnar Nerve; Wound Healing; Young Adult
PubMed: 31558411
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2019.09.003 -
Nature Communications Feb 2023Understanding the interactions between plants and microorganisms can inform microbiome management to enhance crop productivity and resilience to stress. Here, we apply a...
Understanding the interactions between plants and microorganisms can inform microbiome management to enhance crop productivity and resilience to stress. Here, we apply a genome-centric approach to identify ecologically important leaf microbiome members on replicated plots of field-grown switchgrass and miscanthus, and to quantify their activities over two growing seasons for switchgrass. We use metagenome and metatranscriptome sequencing and curate 40 medium- and high-quality metagenome-assembled-genomes (MAGs). We find that classes represented by these MAGs (Actinomycetia, Alpha- and Gamma- Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota) are active in the late season, and upregulate transcripts for short-chain dehydrogenase, molybdopterin oxidoreductase, and polyketide cyclase. Stress-associated pathways are expressed for most MAGs, suggesting engagement with the host environment. We also detect seasonally activated biosynthetic pathways for terpenes and various non-ribosomal peptide pathways that are poorly annotated. Our findings support that leaf-associated bacterial populations are seasonally dynamic and responsive to host cues.
Topics: Seasons; Microbiota; Bacteria; Metagenome; Panicum
PubMed: 36823152
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36515-y -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Dec 2021The analysis of osteochondral lesions of talus (OLT) is currently mostly descriptive, not permitting an understanding of the different nosological frameworks of these...
INTRODUCTION
The analysis of osteochondral lesions of talus (OLT) is currently mostly descriptive, not permitting an understanding of the different nosological frameworks of these lesions. Better knowledge of the characteristics of patients with OLT should make it possible to optimize the surgical indications and anticipate the associated lesions, which should not be overlooked. The main objective of this study was, therefore, to assess the characteristics of patients with OLT, and to analyze the lesions encountered.
HYPOTHESIS
OLTs correspond to variable entities responding to specific treatments.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
This was a prospective multicenter descriptive study including all patients operated on for an OLT, aged between 15 and 65 years, across 10 French specialist centers. The demographic, clinical and radiological data of the patients were analyzed.
RESULTS
OLTs predominantly affect males and patients in their thirties. Two types of OLT should be distinguished: a lateral OLT; smaller and more superficial, most often presenting with painful instability, in the context of trauma, and a medial OLT; more frequent, wider and deeper.
DISCUSSION
Two nosological frameworks exist for OLTs, and correspond to precise surgical indications: medial lesions of more than 10mm and more than 5mm in depth, with isolated anteromedial pain and significant functional impairment, most often idiopathic, generally requiring treatment by osteochondral autografts. Lateral lesions less than 5mm in depth and less than 10mm, often superficial, following trauma or ankle laxity, associated with lateral ligament damage in one-third of cases, and a clinical presentation associated to instability and pain, requiring treatment most often by microfracture with associated ligament repair.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
III.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cartilage, Articular; Humans; Intra-Articular Fractures; Joint Instability; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Talus; Transplantation, Autologous; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 34547540
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103068 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Dec 2022There are presently 3 postoperative protocols after rotator cuff repair: strict immobilization, passive motion and early active motion. There is no consensus as to which... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
There are presently 3 postoperative protocols after rotator cuff repair: strict immobilization, passive motion and early active motion. There is no consensus as to which is to be preferred. The aim of the present study was to conduct a network meta-analysis to determine whether one particular protocol shows advantages in terms of healing, motion, clinical scores and complications.
METHODS
A search of the PubMed, Embase and Central databases extracted all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing at least 2 protocols. Eighteen RCTs were thus included, for a total 1704 patients (mean age, 58.1 years) and 1726 shoulders.
RESULTS
Strict immobilization was associated with lower flexion at 1 year than passive motion (mean difference, 2.66 [95% CI, 0.42-6.20]) and active motion (mean difference, 3.76 [95% CI, 0.17-7.80]). There were no differences between protocols for external rotation, healing at 1 year or Constant, ASES and STT scores in the short and medium terms. There was no difference in complications rate.
CONCLUSION
Early motion, whether passive or active, leads to greater flexion than does strict immobilization. No other differences were found between the protocols. Taking certain prognostic factors (lesion size, patient age, activity level, etc.) into account could guide specific rehabilitation according to type of lesion.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
I, network meta-analysis.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Rotator Cuff; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Arthroscopy; Network Meta-Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Range of Motion, Articular; Meta-Analysis as Topic
PubMed: 36152940
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103418 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Dec 2021
Topics: Conscience; Humans; Registries
PubMed: 34597825
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103090 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Feb 2023Despite significant improvements of renal and obstetrical management, pregnancies in women with glomerular diseases and with lupus nephritis continue to be associated... (Review)
Review
Despite significant improvements of renal and obstetrical management, pregnancies in women with glomerular diseases and with lupus nephritis continue to be associated with increased complications both for the mother and the fetus as compared to those of pregnancies in healthy women. To reduce the risk of these complications, planning pregnancy in a phase of stable remission of the underlining disease is necessary. A kidney biopsy is an important event in any phase of pregnancy. A kidney biopsy can be of help during counselling before pregnancy in cases of incomplete remission of the renal manifestations. In these situations, histological data may differentiate active lesions that require the reinforcement of therapy from chronic irreversible lesions that may increase the risk of complications. In pregnant women, a kidney biopsy can identify new-onset systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and necrotizing or primitive glomerular diseases and distinguish them from other, more common complications. Increasing proteinuria, hypertension, and the deterioration of kidney function during pregnancy may be either due to a reactivation of the underlying disease or to pre-eclampsia. The results of the kidney biopsy suggest the need to initiate an appropriate treatment, allowing the progression of the pregnancy and the fetal viability or the anticipation of delivery. Data from the literature suggest avoiding a kidney biopsy beyond 28 weeks of gestation to minimize the risks associated with the procedure vs. the risk of preterm delivery. In case of the persistence of renal manifestations after delivery in women with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia, a renal kidney assessment allows the final diagnosis and guides the therapy.
PubMed: 36902621
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051834 -
Cureus Sep 2021The supply of household electricity remains a low-voltage (110-220 V) energy source, and its effects on the human body depend on several factors, including the type of...
The supply of household electricity remains a low-voltage (110-220 V) energy source, and its effects on the human body depend on several factors, including the type of contact and duration of contact, among other things. In a significant number of cases, direct contact with household electricity causes reversible cardiac arrhythmia-ventricular fibrillation, ventricular premature beats, atrial tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation. Wandering atrial pacemaker (WAP) is a benign atrial arrhythmia observed in elderly patients suffering from obstructive pulmonary diseases that result from an ischemic heart. This report discusses WAP as observed in a patient who suffered an electrical injury.
PubMed: 34725597
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18335