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Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Sep 2023Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by hepatocyte steatosis and adipose accumulation with the main lesion in the hepatic...
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by hepatocyte steatosis and adipose accumulation with the main lesion in the hepatic lobule, but without a history of excessive alcohol consumption. NAFLD ranges from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and may further accumulate fibrosis leading to cirrhosis. Many studies have found that ginseng can treat NAFLD. (20 R)-Panaxadiol (PD) is a panax ginseng diol type compound, has been proved that can treat the obesity. This study wants to investigate the effect of PD on non-alcoholic liver disease. We used 20 ob/ob mice and 10 C57BL/6 J mice. C57BL/6 J mice as CONTROL group, ob/ob mice were divided into model group and PD group. In PD group, ob/ob mice were treated with PD for eight weeks(10 mg/kg, the CON and OB group was given the same amount of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), detected the weight, food intake and serum index, observed the HE staining of liver and intestine, performed the 16 S rRNA and untargeted metabolomics analysis used mice feces, and verify the results by detect the expression of TNF-α, MDA and SOD. In vivo results, PD can improve abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism and liver function. In 16 S rRNA result, we found beneficial bacteria Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillus increased; in untargeted metabolomics analysis, inflammatory metabolites prostaglandin (PG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) decreased, antioxidant metabolites FAD and lipoic acid increased. Then, we proceeded the association analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites, the result showed gut microbiota have strongly associated with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant metabolites. In addition, PD improves intestinal wall integrity. Meanwhile, the expression of TNF-α、MDA and SOD were detected, it was verified that PD has the effect of antioxidant and anti-inflammation. Our study showed that PD, as an active ingredient of ginseng, can play an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role by improving intestinal metabolites, thereby preventing and treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to a certain extent.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Antioxidants; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Liver; Obesity; Superoxide Dismutase; Metabolomics; Feces
PubMed: 37473506
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115555 -
Annals of Coloproctology Aug 2016Acute ischemia of the rectum or anal canal resulting in necrosis is extremely uncommon because both the rectum and the anal canal have excellent blood supplies. We...
Acute ischemia of the rectum or anal canal resulting in necrosis is extremely uncommon because both the rectum and the anal canal have excellent blood supplies. We present a case with spontaneous necrosis of the anal canal without rectal involvement. Surgical debridement was accomplished, and the recovery was uneventful. The patient was elderly, with probable atherosclerotic arterial disease, and presented with hypotension. Due to the lack of other precipitating factors, the hypoperfusion hypothesis seems to be the most suitable in this case. To the best of our knowledge, no similar cases have been reported in the literature on this subject.
PubMed: 27626027
DOI: 10.3393/ac.2016.32.4.156 -
American Journal of Translational... 2021To explore the effect of stapled trans-anal rectal resection (STARR) on constipation symptoms and inflammatory reaction in patients with outlet obstructive constipation...
OBJECTIVE
To explore the effect of stapled trans-anal rectal resection (STARR) on constipation symptoms and inflammatory reaction in patients with outlet obstructive constipation (OOC).
METHODS
From January 2019 to June 2020, a retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical data of 124 patients with OOC admitted to our hospital. According to the different surgical methods, sixty patients were assigned to the control group (CG) treated with Bresler operation, and sixty-four patients were included in the research group (RG) receiving STARR. The total effective rate of treatment, the incidence of postoperative complications, and mid- and long-term recurrence rate were observed between the two groups. The anorectal dynamic indexes, the constipation scoring system (CSS), obstructive defecation syndrome (ODS), visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and the changes of inflammatory cytokine [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] were compared between the two groups, and the perioperative indexes were observed.
RESULTS
After operation, a remarkably higher total effective rate was observed in the RG as compared to the CG. The RG obtained lower results in terms of the incidence of postoperative complications, 3-year recurrence rate, operation cost, and intraoperative blood loss than CG. Compared with patients in the CG, those in the RG had shorter operation time, first exhaust time, time of leaving bed, and hospitalization time. Moreover, a shorter defecation time of patients in the RG was also obtained 14 days after treatment. In addition to rectal rest pressure that was similar between the two groups, the anal maximal contraction pressure, anal longest contraction time, anorectal relaxation pressure, and anal rest pressure were significantly higher in the RG than in the CG. After operation, remarkably lower CSS and ODS scores of patients were obtained in the RG than in the CG. The RG yielded lower VAS scores after operation and 24 hours after operation, and lower levels of TNF-α and IL-6 1 day after operation in contrast to the CG.
CONCLUSION
STARR can effectively improve the clinical efficacy, ameliorate the symptoms of postoperative constipation, reduce the long-term recurrence rate, relieve postoperative pain, and better protect the anorectal function and mitigate inflammatory reaction for patients with obstructive constipation.
PubMed: 34786073
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis Jan 2017Antioxidant testing of natural products has attracted increasing interest in recent years, mainly due to the fact that an antioxidant-rich diet might provide health... (Review)
Review
Antioxidant testing of natural products has attracted increasing interest in recent years, mainly due to the fact that an antioxidant-rich diet might provide health benefits. Activated macrophages are a major source of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and peroxynitrite generated through the so-called respiratory burst. Constitutively released proinflammatory cytokine, especially tumor necrosis factor-α, triggers nuclear factor-κB, and activator protein-1 translocation leading to the over production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in macrophages. Activation of transcription factors in the long-lived tissue-resident macrophages and/or monocyte-derived macrophages, trigger epigenetic modifications leading to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Nutraceuticals including lipid raft structure disruption agent, cholesterol depletion agent, farnesyltransferase inhibitor, nuclear factor-κB blocker (α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds), glucocorticoid receptor agonist, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist have long been used to inactive macrophage. The inhibition effects on the formation of nitric oxide, superoxide, and nitrite peroxide may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory functionalities. Activated macrophage models could be used to identify the active components for functional diets development through a multiple targets strategy.
Topics: Antioxidants; Diet; Macrophages; Oxidative Stress; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 28911528
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.006 -
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis Jul 2022Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious cardiovascular disease associated with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an α2-adrenoceptor...
BACKGROUND
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious cardiovascular disease associated with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an α2-adrenoceptor agonist, has been reported to protect against I/R injury. We examined the cardioprotective effects of Dex on cardiomyocytes under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) conditions and explored the underlying mechanisms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A H/R model was established to mimic the MI injury. The CCK-8 assay was performed to measure cell viability. Cellular apoptosis was measured using the Annexin V fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-propidium iodide (PI) staining. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1α and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using the 2'-7' dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining assay. In addition, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and caspase-3 were measured using a commercial kit. siRNA was used to silence Bcl-2, catalase, or STAT3. Western blotting was used to measure the change in the levels of proteins.
RESULTS
Dex improved the cell viability and inhibited the inflammatory response in H9c2 cells exposed to H/R treatment. In addition, Dex inhibited apoptosis and alleviated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress in H9c2 cells under the H/R treatment. Mechanism investigation showed that Dex inhibited the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Moreover, Dex enhanced the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in H/R-treated H9c2 cells.
CONCLUSION
Altogether, our findings suggested Dex as a promising therapeutic agent for myocardial I/R.
Topics: Apoptosis; Catalase; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Hypoxia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocytes, Cardiac; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 34882841
DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24119 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis Apr 2021Paracetamol is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug widely used in pharmaceutical applications for its sturdy, antipyretic and analgesic action. However, an overdose... (Review)
Review
Paracetamol is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug widely used in pharmaceutical applications for its sturdy, antipyretic and analgesic action. However, an overdose of paracetamol can cause fulminant hepatic necrosis and other toxic effects. Thus, the development of advantageous analytical tools to detect and determine paracetamol is required. Due to simplicity, higher sensitivity and selectivity as well as costefficiency, electrochemical sensors were fully investigated in last decades. This review describes the advancements made in the development of electrochemical sensors for the paracetamol detection and quantification in pharmaceutical and biological samples. The progress made in electrochemical sensors for the selective detection of paracetamol in the last 10 years was examined, with a special focus on highly innovative features introduced by nanotechnology. As the literature is rather extensive, we tried to simplify this work by summarizing and grouping electrochemical sensors according to the by which manner their substrates were chemically modified and the analytical performances obtained.
PubMed: 34012690
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.11.003 -
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis Mar 2015To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TNF-α blockers for ulcerative colitis. A systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TNF-α blockers for... (Review)
Review
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TNF-α blockers for ulcerative colitis. A systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TNF-α blockers for treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and cochrane clinical trial. We estimated Pooled estimates of the odds ratio (OR) and relevant 95% confidence interval (CI) using fixed effects model or random effects model as appropriate. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and subgroup analyses were conducted. Nine randomized controlled studies met the selection criteria with a total of 2518 patients. Five studies compared Infliximab with placebo. Two studies compared Infliximab to corticosteroids. Two studies compared Adalimumab to placebo. One study compared subcutaneous golimumab to placebo. Short-term response, short-term remission, long-term remission and mucosal healing were better in the TNF-α blocker group than in the control group (p < 0.05). TNF-α blockers decreased the colectomy rate and serious adverse reactions (p < 0.05). The TNF-α blockers were superior to controls in achieving short-term clinical response/remission, long-term remission and mucosal healing and decreased the colectomy rate and serious adverse reactions.
PubMed: 28911431
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.06.003 -
Journal of Crohn's & Colitis Jan 2020Ustekinumab is approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease [CD]. Systematically registered prospective real-world data are scarce. We therefore aimed to study the... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Ustekinumab is approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease [CD]. Systematically registered prospective real-world data are scarce. We therefore aimed to study the effectiveness, safety and usage of ustekinumab for CD in everyday practice.
METHODS
We prospectively enrolled CD patients initiating ustekinumab in regular care between December 2016 and January 2019. Clinical (Harvey Bradshaw Index [HBI]), biochemical (C-reactive protein [CRP] and faecal calprotectin [FCP]), extra-intestinal manifestations and, peri-anal fistula activity, ustekinumab dosage, concomitant medication use, and adverse events were documented at weeks 0, 12, 24, and 52. The primary outcome was corticosteroid-free clinical remission.
RESULTS
In total, 221 CD patients were included (98.6% anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] and 46.6% vedolizumab exposed) with a median follow-up of 52.0 weeks [interquartile range 49.3-58.4]. Corticosteroid-free clinical remission rates at weeks 24 and 52 were 38.2% and 37.1%, respectively. An initial dosing schedule of 8 weeks, compared to 12 weeks, correlated with a lower discontinuation rate [20.0% vs 42.6%, p = 0.01], but comparable corticosteroid-free clinical remission at week 52 (46.3% [q8w] vs 34.6% [q12w], p = 0.20). There was no clinical benefit of combination therapy after 52 weeks when compared to ustekinumab monotherapy [combi 40.6% vs mono 36.0%, p = 0.64]. At baseline, 28 patients had active peri-anal fistula, of whom 35.7% showed complete clinical resolution after 24 weeks. During follow-up we encountered six severe infections [3.5 per 100 patient-years], with all patients being on concomitant immunosuppressant therapies. Ustekinumab treatment discontinuation was observed in 75 [33.9%] patients mainly due to lack of response.
CONCLUSION
Ustekinumab is a relatively safe and effective treatment option for CD patients with prior failure of anti-TNF and anti-integrin therapies.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Registries; Treatment Outcome; Ustekinumab
PubMed: 31219157
DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz119 -
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis Feb 2020This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of long noncoding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (lncRNA NEAT1) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) risk and...
Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 correlates with higher disease risk, worse disease condition, decreased miR-124 and miR-125a and predicts poor recurrence-free survival of acute ischemic stroke.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of long noncoding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (lncRNA NEAT1) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) risk and to explore the correlation of lncRNA NEAT1 with disease severity, inflammation, recurrence and target microRNAs in patients with AIS.
METHODS
210 patients with AIS and 210 controls were enrolled, and their peripheral blood samples were collected within 24 hours after admission and collected on the enrollment, respectively. lncRNA NEAT1 expression was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). For patients with AIS, disease severity was evaluated by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score; plasma concentrations of inflammatory factors and lncRNA NEAT1 target microRNAs were measured by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay and qPCR, respectively; stroke recurrence and death were recorded; and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was calculated.
RESULTS
lncRNA NEAT1 expression was elevated in patients with AIS compared with controls, and it had a good predictive value for AIS risk (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.804 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.763-0.845]). In patients with AIS, lncRNA NEAT1 expression positively correlated with NIHSS score and inflammatory factor levels including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-22, while it negatively correlated with anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level. Besides, lncRNA NEAT1 predicted increased recurrence/death risk (AUC: 0.641 [95% CI: 0.541-0.741]), and its high expression correlated with worse RFS. Additionally, lncRNA NEAT1 expression negatively correlated with microRNA-124 and microRNA-125a expressions.
CONCLUSION
LncRNA NEAT1 may serve as a novel biomarker for assisting AIS management and prognosis.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cytokines; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Inflammation; Ischemic Stroke; Male; MicroRNAs; Middle Aged; Prognosis; RNA, Long Noncoding
PubMed: 31721299
DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23056 -
Analytical Cellular Pathology... 2019Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary cancer of the liver. Hepatectomy and liver transplantation (LT) are regarded as the radical treatment, but... (Review)
Review
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary cancer of the liver. Hepatectomy and liver transplantation (LT) are regarded as the radical treatment, but great majority of patients are already in advanced stage on the first diagnosis and lose the surgery opportunity. Multifarious image-guided interventional therapies, termed as locoregional ablations, are recommended by various HCC guidelines for the clinical practice. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is firstly recommended for intermediate-stage (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) B class) HCC but has lower necrosis rates. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is effective in treating HCCs smaller than 3 cm in size. Microwave ablation (MWA) can ablate larger tumor within a shorter time. Combination of TACE with RFA or MWA is effective and promising in treating larger HCC lesions but needs more clinical data to confirm its long-term outcome. The combination of TACE and RFA or MWA against hepatocellular carcinoma needs more clinical data for a better strategy. The characters and advantages of TACE, RFA, MWA, and TACE combined with RFA or MWA are reviewed to provide physician a better background on decision.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Microwaves; Radiofrequency Ablation
PubMed: 31534899
DOI: 10.1155/2019/8619096