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Surgical Case Reports Oct 2020Anisakiasis is a parasitic infection caused by Anisakis worms found in raw fish. Most cases of anisakiasis occur in the stomach and rarely occur in the intestine. It is...
BACKGROUND
Anisakiasis is a parasitic infection caused by Anisakis worms found in raw fish. Most cases of anisakiasis occur in the stomach and rarely occur in the intestine. It is extremely rare for live larvae to break through the intestine into the mesentery and cause severe intestinal ischemia. Anisakiasis can be treated conservatively, because the larvae will die in approximately 1 week, but, sometimes, a serious condition can arise, as in this case. We report the first case of extraluminal anisakiasis in which a live Anisakis worm caused severe intestinal ischemia.
CASE PRESENTATION
The patient was a 26-year-old woman who ate squid a week prior. She had abdominal pain and was admitted to our emergency department. On physical examination, abdominal guarding and rebound tenderness were present in her lower abdomen. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed ascites, the whirl sign, localized submucosal edema of the intestinal wall, and a dilated small bowel segment with edema. We suspected the strangulated small bowel obstruction based on the CT-scan findings. To rule out the strangulated small bowel obstruction, laparoscopic exploration was performed. Bloody ascites in the pouch of Douglas and severe inflammation in 20 cm of the ileum were observed. An Anisakis larva had perforated the intestinal wall and was found alive in the mesentery. The ileum had developed a high degree of ischemia, so the affected section was resected. Histopathological examination revealed that the Anisakis worm body was in the inflamed mesentery and caused a high degree of ischemia in the intestinal tract. The patient was discharged 9 days after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
A living Anisakis larva punctured the mesentery of the small intestine, resulting in severe intestinal ischemia. As seen in this case, intestinal anisakiasis may cause serious symptoms, and a low threshold for performing diagnostic laparoscopy for the early diagnosis of bowel ischemia secondary to anisakiasis can be useful in determining the definite diagnosis and indications for resection.
PubMed: 33001287
DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-01033-2 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Jun 2018Along with globalization of traveling and trading, fish-borne nematodiases seems to be increasing in number. However, apart from occasional and sporadic case reports or... (Review)
Review
Along with globalization of traveling and trading, fish-borne nematodiases seems to be increasing in number. However, apart from occasional and sporadic case reports or mini-reviews of particular diseases in particular countries, an overview of fish-borne nematodiasis among travelers have never been performed. In this review, we gathered fishborne nematodiasis among travelers for recent 25 years by an extensive global literature survey using appropriate keywords, e.g. travelers diseases, human infection, anisakiasis, gnathostomiasis, capillariasis, sushi, sashimi, ceviche, Gnathostoma, Pseudoterranova, Anisakis, Capillaria, etc., as well as various combinations of these key words. The Internet search engines PubMed, Medline, Google and Googler Scholar were used as much as possible, and the references of every paper were checked in order to identify useful and reliable publications. The results showed unexpectedly high incidence of gnathostomiasis and low incidence of anisakidosis. The different incidence values of the infection with several fish-borne zoonotic nematode species are discussed, as well as some epidemiological aspects of the infections. The difficulties of differential diagnosis in non-endemic countries are emphasized. It is concluded that travelers must avoid risky behaviors which can lead to infection and that physicians and health authorities must advice travelers on the risks of eating behaviors during travel.
Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Fishes; Gnathostomiasis; Humans; Incidence; Nematode Infections; Time Factors; Travel-Related Illness; Zoonoses
PubMed: 29996625
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.215 -
Fujita Medical Journal May 2023Anisakiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked fish that is infected with third-stage larvae. In countries, such as Japan, Italy,...
BACKGROUND
Anisakiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked fish that is infected with third-stage larvae. In countries, such as Japan, Italy, and Spain, where people have a custom of eating raw or marinated fish, anisakiasis is a common infection. Although anisakiasis has been reported in the gastrointestinal tract in several countries, reports of anisakiasis accompanied by cancer are rare.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present the rare case of a 40-year-old male patient with anisakiasis coexisting with mucosal gastric cancer. Submucosal gastric cancer was suspected on gastric endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography. After laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, granulomatous inflammation with larvae in the submucosa was pathologically revealed beneath mucosal tubular adenocarcinoma. Histological and immunohistochemical investigation showed cancer cells as intestinal absorptive-type cells that did not produce mucin.
CONCLUSION
larvae could have invaded the cancer cells selectively because of the lack of mucin in the cancerous epithelium. Anisakiasis coexisting with cancer is considered reasonable rather than coincidental. In cancer with anisakiasis, preoperative diagnosis may be difficult because anisakiasis leads to morphological changes in the cancer.
PubMed: 37234391
DOI: 10.20407/fmj.2022-010 -
Anisakis spp. as etiological agent of zoonotic disease and allergy in European region – an overview.Annals of Parasitology 2019Nematodes of the genus Anisakis are worldwide distributed marine species parasitized many fish and cephalopod species as larvae and sea mammals as adult form.... (Review)
Review
Nematodes of the genus Anisakis are worldwide distributed marine species parasitized many fish and cephalopod species as larvae and sea mammals as adult form. Anisakiosis as food-borne disease is an important public health problem worldwide. Human become infected by eating raw or undercooked fish or squids. Well documented are gastrointestinal response to infection but increasingly allergic symptoms were observed also after eating well cooked fish. This is because some of allergens of Anisakis are thermostable and resistant to pepsin treatment. Due to a significant increase in human mobility and global transport of fresh products like fish on ice, food-borne diseases require educational campaigns that pay attention to threats in various parts of the world.
Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Europe; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Larva; Seafood; Zoonoses
PubMed: 32191412
DOI: 10.17420/ap6504.214 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jul 2023Anisakiasis, a zoonotic disease that can lead to small intestine obstruction, has seen a significant rise in Spain. The country has become the first in Europe with an...
Anisakiasis, a zoonotic disease that can lead to small intestine obstruction, has seen a significant rise in Spain. The country has become the first in Europe with an annual incidence of 8000 cases, primarily due to the popularity of consuming exotic dishes of undercooked or raw fish and the impact of climate change. The clinical presentation of anisakiasis can mimic symptoms of acute appendicitis or intestinal obstruction, leading to potential misdiagnosis. This case report describes a 37-year-old patient with no significant medical history who presented abdominal distension and intense pain in the right lower quadrant. The patient underwent surgery and received physiotherapy treatment, including therapeutic exercises and pulsed-pressure myofascial vacuum therapy, to facilitate functional recovery. The increasing incidence of anisakiasis in Spain underscores the need to consider it in the differential diagnosis of digestive diseases, given the high consumption of poorly prepared or raw fish in the region.
PubMed: 37445505
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134470 -
Biomedica : Revista Del Instituto... Dec 2022Anisakiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw fish or shellfish containing larvae of the Anisakidae family. It is currently considered an...
INTRODUCTION
Anisakiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw fish or shellfish containing larvae of the Anisakidae family. It is currently considered an emerging disease of public health interest.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the presence of larvae of the Anisakidae family in samples of frozen raw fish fillets intended for human consumption in markets in Medellín and its metropolitan area in Antioquia, Colombia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which larvae of the Anisakidae family were detected and identified in frozen raw fish fillets from three representative markets in Medellín and its metropolitan area. A total of 384 ready for consumption fillets were analyzed (197 sawfish, 137 salmon, 37 tuna, and 13 hake), using the pressing and ultraviolet light method. Taxonomic keys were used to identify the collected parasites and to establish its genus. Conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing was performed to determine the species.
RESULTS
Four larvae were found in 4 of the 384 (1.04%) fillets (CI95% 1.04 ± 1.01%). The species of fish in which the larvae were found was sawfish (Scomberomorus spp.) and the genus and species of the larvae was established as Anisakis pegreffii.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the study, the presence of Anisakis parasites in frozen raw fish fillets in the influence area is evident.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Parasites; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Fishes; Larva
PubMed: 36511669
DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6533 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2023Fish is one of the "big nine" foods triggering allergic reactions. For this reason, fish allergens must be accurately specified on food labels. Fish allergy affects less... (Review)
Review
IgE-Mediated and Non-IgE-Mediated Fish Allergy in Pediatric Age: A Holistic Approach-A Consensus by Diagnostic Commission of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.
Fish is one of the "big nine" foods triggering allergic reactions. For this reason, fish allergens must be accurately specified on food labels. Fish allergy affects less than 1% of the world population, but a higher prevalence is observed in pediatric cohorts, up to 7%. Parvalbumin is the main fish allergen found in the muscles. In childhood, sensitization to fish allergens occurs most frequently through the ingestion of fish, rarely transcutaneously or by inhalation. Fish allergy symptoms usually appear within two hours of the allergen contact. The diagnosis begins with the collection of the history. If it is suggestive of fish allergy, prick tests or the measurement of serum-specific IgE should be performed to confirm the suspicion. The oral food challenge is the gold standard for the diagnosis. It is not recommended in case of a severe allergic reaction. It is important to make a differential diagnosis with anisakiasis or scombroid poisoning, which have overlapping clinical features but differ in pathogenesis. Traditionally, managing fish allergy involves avoiding the triggering species (sometimes all bony fish species) and requires an action plan for accidental exposures. The present review will analyze IgE- and non-IgE-mediated fish allergy in children from epidemiology, pathogenesis to clinical features. Moreover, clinical management will be addressed with a particular focus on potential nutritional deficiencies.
Topics: Animals; Child; Humans; Consensus; Hypersensitivity; Affect; Allergens; Immunoglobulin E
PubMed: 37763770
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091651 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) May 2022Nematode parasite species belonging to the complex are the most important cause of human anisakiasis through the consumption of (mainly) undercooked, previously not...
Nematode parasite species belonging to the complex are the most important cause of human anisakiasis through the consumption of (mainly) undercooked, previously not frozen, or conveniently treated fish. In Spain, the consumption of hake has been recognized as an important source of this parasitosis. With the aim of shedding light on the risk factors that can influence the potential risk of human anisakiasis in Spain through the consumption of fresh hake sold by nationwide supermarket chains, a total of 536 small hake specimens belonging to the species caught off the Northeast American coasts and caught in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean waters was analysed. Anisakids morphologically identified as type I were found as the most prevalent and the most abundant species and were considered the main potential cause of human anisakiasis. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors concerning the hake, such as its origin and season of capture, its size, as well as the days passed between its capture and consumption, should be taken into account to avoid this human parasitosis. It is essential that consumers have access to fish label information which should include, as regulated by the European Commission, traceability data.
PubMed: 35745476
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060622 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Oct 2023Anisakiasis is caused by consuming raw fish contaminated with sp. larvae and is extremely rare, especially when originating in the esophagus. We present a case of...
Anisakiasis is caused by consuming raw fish contaminated with sp. larvae and is extremely rare, especially when originating in the esophagus. We present a case of esophageal anisakiasis in a 61-year-old male who experienced severe precordial pain and radiating discomfort to the neck after consuming raw fish sashimi. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed the presence of a larva in the upper esophagus. On the basis of anatomo-morphological features, the worm was provisionally identified as sp. and was easily extracted with forceps, which led to a prompt improvement in the patient's symptoms. This case highlights the importance of considering anisakiasis as a differential diagnosis in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and a history of consuming raw fish.
Topics: Male; Animals; Humans; Middle Aged; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Esophagus; Fishes; Larva
PubMed: 37893605
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101888 -
Parasite (Paris, France) 2018A retrospective analysis on human anisakiasis in Italy since its first description in 1996 was performed by conducting a literature search. Inclusion criteria based on... (Review)
Review
A retrospective analysis on human anisakiasis in Italy since its first description in 1996 was performed by conducting a literature search. Inclusion criteria based on the presence of a larva and on parasite identification were applied. Epidemiological data and clinical features were analysed. Particular attention was paid to the source of infection. In total, 73 cases were included in the analysis, while 34 were excluded. Cases were reported from eight Italian regions, most frequently Abruzzo, Apulia and Latium. The parasite was detected by endoscopy (51.4%) or laparotomy (48.6%). The site of infection was intestinal (42.5%), gastric (43.8%), oesophageal (1.4%) or ectopic (12.3%). Most of the parasites (71.0%) were identified as Anisakis sp. or A. simplex (s.l.). However, when molecular methods were used (21 cases), A. pegreffii was always identified. In most of the patients (65.7%), the source of infection was raw or undercooked anchovies, followed by "anchovies or sardines" (15.1%), generic "raw seafood" (15.1%), and sardines (1.4%). In only 2 cases (2.7%), the source was not available. This is the first systematic analysis of Italian cases of anisakiasis. The main conclusions derived from the results are: i) attention should be given to the history, in particular when raw marinated anchovies, proven to be the main source of human anisakiasis in Italy, are consumed; ii) in order to assess correct epidemiological data, a confirmed and specific etiological identification should always be sought.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Female; Fishes; Food Safety; Humans; Intestines; Italy; Larva; Male; Middle Aged; Raw Foods; Retrospective Studies; Seafood; Young Adult; Zoonoses
PubMed: 30058531
DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2018034