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Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of... Mar 2016Fecal incontinence is a highly prevalent and distressing condition that has a negative impact on quality of life. The etiology is often multifactorial, and the... (Review)
Review
Fecal incontinence is a highly prevalent and distressing condition that has a negative impact on quality of life. The etiology is often multifactorial, and the evaluation and treatment of this condition can be hindered by a lack of understanding of the mechanisms and currently available treatment options. This article reviews the evidence-based update for the management of fecal incontinence.
Topics: Antidiarrheals; Biocompatible Materials; Dietary Fiber; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Fecal Incontinence; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Injections; Physical Therapy Modalities; Suburethral Slings
PubMed: 26880511
DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2015.10.005 -
Metabolism Open Sep 2022Natural products have been utilized by human beings for thousands of years to relieve a variety of ailments, including diarrhea. Conventional antidiarrheal drugs are...
BACKGROUND
Natural products have been utilized by human beings for thousands of years to relieve a variety of ailments, including diarrhea. Conventional antidiarrheal drugs are associated with multiple adverse effects and contraindications. Traditionally, crushing the root, mix with water and then drunk the juice is extensively used for treating diarrhea. However, no scientific research has been done yet to support its antidiarrheal efficacy and safety. Hence, the aim of the study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity and safety profile of the plant in mice.
METHODS
The hydro-methanolic extract was extracted through a cold maceration technique using 80% methanol. Castor oil-induced diarrheal, gastro-intestinal transit, and enteropooling models have been employed to assess the antidiarrheal activity of the test extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg.
RESULTS
The crude root extract caused no mortality at a single limit test dose of 2 g/kg throughout the first 24 h and for the rest of the 14 days. In a castor oil-induced diarrheal model, the hydro-methanolic extract markedly delayed the onset of diarrhea, reduced the weight of wet and total feces at 100 (<.05), 200 (<.01), and 400 mg/kg (<.001) test doses. Meanwhile, at 200 (<.01) and 400 mg/kg (<.001) doses, the plant extract considerably lowered the weight and volume of intestinal contents. In the gastro-intestinal transit model, however, a dramatic inhibition in the charcoal meal travel was noticed at 100 (<.05), 200 (<.01), and 400 mg/kg (<.001) test doses. The peak antidiarrheal index was exhibited at the highest dose of the test extract.
CONCLUSION
The study speculated that root extract possesses antidiarrheal activity, which could be owing to its inhibitory effect on both gastro-intestinal motility and fluid secretion.
PubMed: 35785136
DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100197 -
Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official... Sep 2022JCO The purpose of this update was to determine differences in patient-reported chronic toxicity and disease outcomes with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
JCO The purpose of this update was to determine differences in patient-reported chronic toxicity and disease outcomes with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) compared with conventional pelvic radiation. Patients with cervical and endometrial cancers who received postoperative pelvic radiation were randomly assigned to conventional radiation therapy (CRT) or IMRT. Toxicity and quality of life were assessed using Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) bowel and urinary domains, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General. Between 2012 and 2015, 279 eligible patients were enrolled to the study with a median follow-up of 37.8 months. There were no differences in overall survival ( = .53), disease-free survival ( = .21), or locoregional failure ( = .81). One year after RT, patients in the CRT arm experienced more high-level diarrhea frequency (5.8% IMRT 15.1% CRT, = .042) and a greater number had to take antidiarrheal medication two or more times a day (1.2% IMRT 8.6% CRT, = .036). At 3 years, women in the CRT arm reported a decline in urinary function, whereas the IMRT arm continued to improve (mean change in EPIC urinary score = 0.5, standard deviation = 13.0, IMRT -6.0, standard deviation = 14.3, CRT, = .005). In conclusion, IMRT reduces patient-reported chronic GI and urinary toxicity with no difference in treatment efficacy at 3 years.
Topics: Antidiarrheals; Female; Humans; Male; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Quality of Life; Radiation Injuries; Radiotherapy, Conformal; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated
PubMed: 35960897
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.21.02831 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2020Sechang-Zhixie-San (SCZX) is an ancient prescription used for pediatric diarrhea by the Yi people in China, which consists of Hemsley (known as Yantuo and abbreviated...
Sechang-Zhixie-San (SCZX) is an ancient prescription used for pediatric diarrhea by the Yi people in China, which consists of Hemsley (known as Yantuo and abbreviated as YT) and Bentonite (BN). Now, it is also a Chinese patent medicine used in the clinic to treat infantile diarrhea. Besides evaluating the antidiarrheal effect of SCZX on diarrhea mice induced by Folium Sennae, the purpose of this study is to outline the characteristics of the antidiarrheal effect and reveal the potential mechanisms of SCZX through the analysis of the mechanism and active components of YT via network pharmacology and molecular docking, combined with the research progress of BN obtained from the literature. SCZX (3.12 and 12.48 g/kg) effectively inhibited diarrhea in mice, significantly lowering the loose stool rate (LSR), loose stool level (LSL), and loose stool index (LSI). Using network pharmacology, the "herb-compound-target-pathway-pharmacological action" network was mapped to indicate the antidiarrheal mechanism of YT. And the docking results revealed that 4 components of YT including quercetin, geranyl-1-O--L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 ⟶ 6)--D-glucopyranoside, 3-O-(E)-p-hydroxy-cinnamoyl-olean-12-en-27-oic acid, and daucosterol showed significant docking activities with STAT3, EGFR, and SLC10A2, involving 11 pathways such as Th17 cell differentiation, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. According to our research results and literature reports, the antidiarrheal could be summarized into five aspects: inhibiting intestinal inflammation, acting as a barrier to the intestinal mucosal, regulating water and ion transport, involving the purification of intestinal microorganisms, and intestinal transmission, which might be dependent on multiple proteins and intervention in multiple pathways.
PubMed: 33381214
DOI: 10.1155/2020/8880298 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2022a is an important medicinal plant for the treatment of diarrhea in Ethiopian folklore medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of...
BACKGROUND
a is an important medicinal plant for the treatment of diarrhea in Ethiopian folklore medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of leaves in albino mice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Hydromethanolic crude extraction and solvent fractionation were done using cold maceration technique. 80% methanol was used as a solvent in crude extraction, while distilled water, n-butanol, and chloroform were employed during fractionation. Castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility models were employed to evaluate antidiarrheal activity. Mice were randomly divided into five groups (six mice per group): negative control, which received 2% Tween 80 in distilled water; positive control, which received 3 mg/kg loperamide; and three test groups (III, IV, and V), which were treated with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg of crude extract and solvent fractions, respectively.
RESULTS
The crude extract, aqueous, and n-butanol fractions significantly delayed the onset of diarrhea at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg dose. There was a significant reduction in the number and weight of stools at all tested doses of the crude extract and aqueous fraction, and at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of n-butanol fraction. Significant reduction in volume and weight of intestinal contents was observed at all tested doses of the crude extract, and at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of aqueous and n-butanol fractions. All tested doses of the crude extract and 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the aqueous and n-butanol fractions significantly reduced the motility of charcoal meal.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that the crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaves have antidiarrheal activity and supported the folklore use of the plant.
PubMed: 35586684
DOI: 10.1155/2022/7968973 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Aug 2016More than every tenth Dane have irritable bowel syndrome. The condition is diagnosed by a positive strategy including fulfilment of the Rome III criteria, absence of... (Review)
Review
More than every tenth Dane have irritable bowel syndrome. The condition is diagnosed by a positive strategy including fulfilment of the Rome III criteria, absence of alarm symptoms, and if needed a few paraclinical tests. Currently, there is no cure of the disorder. Treatment is recommended on a symptom-based approach targeting the dominating symptom/symptoms. If symptoms are reduced, the quality of life is considerably improved.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Antidepressive Agents; Antidiarrheals; Constipation; Diarrhea; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Laxatives; Parasympatholytics; Quality of Life
PubMed: 27592867
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Experimental Pharmacology 2023has been used traditionally to cure diarrheal disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the acute toxicity and antidiarrheal effect of leaf extracts.
BACKGROUND
has been used traditionally to cure diarrheal disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the acute toxicity and antidiarrheal effect of leaf extracts.
METHODS
Cold maceration was used to extract plant leaf powder with 80% methanol. The extract's antidiarrheal action was tested against a castor oil-induced diarrheal model, a charcoal meal test, and enteropooling tests at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. Negative controls received the vehicle at 10 mL/kg, while positive controls received loperamide at 3 mg/kg.
RESULTS
From the study, no apparent toxicity was observed when a single dose of 2000 mg/kg was administered. In the castor oil-induced model, the extract delayed the onset of diarrhea, reduced stool frequency, and decreased wet feces weight and number in a dose-dependent manner at 200 mg/kg (p < 0.05) and 400 mg/kg (p < 0.01). The percent reduction in moist feces at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was 54.2, 23.97, and 18.26%, respectively, indicating a significant dose-dependent decrease. In a charcoal meal test, the extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg revealed a peristaltic index of 65 and 46%, respectively, with considerable inhibition of charcoal transport at 23 and 39%. The weight and volume of intestinal contents dropped significantly at a dose of 400 mg/kg (p < 0.01), which is 0.43 mg/kg, in the enteropooling test when compared with the tested dose. The computed in vivo antidiarrheal index revealed diarrheal inhibition values of 46.06 and 71.06% at 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively.
CONCLUSION
In the current investigation, showed significant antidiarrheal activity with no symptoms of toxicity in mice.
PubMed: 38026232
DOI: 10.2147/JEP.S441555 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2021Diarrhea is one of the tempting symptoms of diseases in the world. In Ethiopian traditional medicine practices, is utilized for the treatment of diarrhea without...
BACKGROUND
Diarrhea is one of the tempting symptoms of diseases in the world. In Ethiopian traditional medicine practices, is utilized for the treatment of diarrhea without scientific evidence.
OBJECTIVE
This study was aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of 80% methanol extract and fractions of the leaf of in mice.
METHODS
The crude extract was prepared by maceration in 80% methanol and then fractionated using hexane, chloroform, and distilled water. Antidiarrheal activity was assessed by castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility models using onset of diarrhea, number and weight of feces, volume and weight of intestinal contents, and distance travelled by charcoal meal as main parameters. Negative controls received either distilled water or 2% Tween 80 (10 ml/kg), positive controls received 3 mg/kg loperamide or 1 mg/kg atropine, and the test groups received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract.
RESULTS
The crude extract and chloroform fraction significantly prolonged the onset of diarrhea at 200 and 400 mg/kg and decreased the number of wet, total, and weight of fresh feces at all tested doses. Hexane fraction has a significant antidiarrheal effect on the onset, number, and weight of feces at 400 mg/kg. The crude extract and chloroform fraction at all tested doses, as well as aqueous fraction at 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, produced significant reduction in volume and weight of intestinal contents. Additionally, hexane fraction showed significant reduction of volume and weight of the intestinal content at 400 mg/kg. In the gastrointestinal motility test model, both chloroform fraction and crude extract at all tested doses and aqueous fraction at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg showed a significant antidiarrheal effect as compared to the negative control.
CONCLUSION
The leaf of showed antidiarrheal activity which supports the traditional use.
PubMed: 34712351
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9369173 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2022Worldwide, in children of under five years of age, diarrhea is responsible for more than 760,000 annual deaths. It is treated with both modern drugs and traditional...
INTRODUCTION
Worldwide, in children of under five years of age, diarrhea is responsible for more than 760,000 annual deaths. It is treated with both modern drugs and traditional medicinal plants, including . But the use of this plant as an antidiarrheal agent is not scientifically validated. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate antidiarrheal efficacy of the plant.
METHOD
The leaf powder was macerated by 80% methanol and then fractionated using -hexane, -butanol, and distilled water. Antidiarrheal activity was evaluated through different models (castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and motility) using onset, number of wet feces, fluid content, weight and volume of intestinal content, and motility as test parameters by administering treatment doses to groups of mice. Group I received 10 mL/kg of the dissolving vehicle, Group II received either loperamide or atropine, and Groups III-V received extract doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test.
RESULTS
The crude extract exhibited a significant effect on the fluid content of feces at all tested doses. Additionally, the -butanol and distilled water fractions revealed significant effects on onset of diarrhea at 400 mg/kg ( < 0.05), while the -hexane fraction showed significant effects on number of wet feces, onset, and fluid content of feces at all tried doses. The crude extract and all the fractions (at 200 and 400 mg/kg) decreased the weight and volume of intestinal content significantly. Similarly, both the crude extract and distilled water fraction at 400 mg/kg as well as -butanol and -hexane fractions at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed meaningful differences on peristaltic index as compared to the negative control.
CONCLUSION
The results revealed that the leaf extract of has an antidiarrheal activity, which supports the traditional medical practice.
PubMed: 35664936
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6838295 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023In recent years, the coagulation properties of inorganic minerals such as kaolin and zeolite have been demonstrated. This study aimed to assess the hemostatic properties...
In recent years, the coagulation properties of inorganic minerals such as kaolin and zeolite have been demonstrated. This study aimed to assess the hemostatic properties of three local clays from China: natural kaolin from Hainan, natural halloysite from Yunnan, and zeolite synthesized by our group. The physical and chemical properties, blood coagulation performance, and cell biocompatibility of the three materials were tested. The studied materials were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All three clays showed different morphologies and particle size, and exhibited negative potentials between pH 6 and 8. The TGA and DSC curves for kaolin and halloysite were highly similar. Kaolin showed the highest water absorption capacity (approximately 93.8% ± 0.8%). All three clays were noncytotoxic toward L929 mouse fibroblasts. Kaolin and halloysite showed blood coagulation effects similar to that exhibited by zeolite, indicating that kaolin and halloysite are promising alternative hemostatic materials.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Clay; Kaolin; Zeolites; China; Hemostatics
PubMed: 38067486
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237756