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Lakartidningen Jan 2018
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Delayed-Action Preparations; Humans; Legislation, Drug
PubMed: 29360129
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Pediatrics Dec 2022Children are the future of the world, but their health and future are facing great uncertainty because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In order to...
UNLABELLED
Children are the future of the world, but their health and future are facing great uncertainty because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In order to improve the management of children with COVID-19, an international, multidisciplinary panel of experts developed a rapid advice guideline at the beginning of the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020. After publishing the first version of the rapid advice guideline, the panel has updated the guideline by including additional stakeholders in the panel and a comprehensive search of the latest evidence. All recommendations were supported by systematic reviews and graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Expert judgment was used to develop good practice statements supplementary to the graded evidence-based recommendations. The updated guideline comprises nine recommendations and one good practice statement. It focuses on the key recommendations pertinent to the following issues: identification of prognostic factors for death or pediatric intensive care unit admission; the use of remdesivir, systemic glucocorticoids and antipyretics, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and high-flow oxygen by nasal cannula or non-invasive ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure; breastfeeding; vaccination; and the management of pediatric mental health.
CONCLUSION
This updated evidence-based guideline intends to provide clinicians, pediatricians, patients and other stakeholders with evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and management of COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Larger studies with longer follow-up to determine the effectiveness and safety of systemic glucocorticoids, IVIG, noninvasive ventilation, and the vaccines for COVID-19 in children and adolescents are encouraged.
WHAT IS KNOWN
• Several clinical practice guidelines for children with COVID-19 have been developed, but only few of them have been recently updated. • We developed an evidence-based guideline at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak and have now updated it based on the results of a comprehensive search of the latest evidence.
WHAT IS NEW
• The updated guideline provides key recommendations pertinent to the following issues: identification of prognostic factors for death or pediatric intensive care unit admission; the use of remdesivir, systemic glucocorticoids and antipyretics, intravenous immunoglobulin for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and high-flow oxygen by nasal cannula or non-invasive ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure; breastfeeding; vaccination; and the management of pediatric mental health.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Antipyretics; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Oxygen; Respiratory Insufficiency
PubMed: 36109390
DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04615-4 -
Minerva Anestesiologica Jan 2021
Topics: Antipyretics; Body Temperature; COVID-19; Fever; Hospitalization; Humans
PubMed: 33231411
DOI: 10.23736/S0375-9393.20.15195-2 -
Brazilian Journal of Medical and... Jan 2019Dipyrone (metamizole), acting through its main metabolites 4-methyl-amino-antipyrine and 4-amino-antipyrine, has established analgesic, antipyretic, and spasmolytic... (Review)
Review
Dipyrone (metamizole), acting through its main metabolites 4-methyl-amino-antipyrine and 4-amino-antipyrine, has established analgesic, antipyretic, and spasmolytic pharmacological effects, which are mediated by poorly known mechanisms. In rats, intravenously administered dipyrone delays gastric emptying (GE) of liquids with the participation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibers. This effect seems to be mediated by norepinephrine originating from the sympathetic nervous system but not from the superior celiac-mesenteric ganglion complex, which activates β2-adrenoceptors. In rats, in contrast to nonselective non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs, dipyrone protects the gastric mucosa attenuating the development of gastric ulcers induced by a number of agents. Clinically, it has been demonstrated that dipyrone is effective in the control of colic-like abdominal pain originating from the biliary and intestinal tracts. Since studies in humans and animals have demonstrated the presence of β2-adrenoceptors in biliary tract smooth muscle and β2-adrenoceptor activation has been shown to occur in dipyrone-induced delayed GE, it is likely that this kind of receptors may participate in the reduction of smooth muscle spasm of the sphincter of Oddi induced by dipyrone. There is no evidence that dipyrone may interfere with small bowel and colon motility, and the clinical results of its therapeutic use in intestinal colic appear to be due to its analgesic effect.
Topics: Ampyrone; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antipyrine; Autonomic Nerve Block; Dipyrone; Gastric Emptying; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 30652827
DOI: 10.1590/1414-431X20188103 -
Experimental Biology and Medicine... May 2023Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug in clinics, is relatively safe at therapeutic doses; however, APAP overdose may lead to fatal acute... (Review)
Review
Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug in clinics, is relatively safe at therapeutic doses; however, APAP overdose may lead to fatal acute liver injury. Currently, -acetylcysteine (NAC) is clinically used as the main antidote for APAP poisoning, but its therapeutic effect remains limited owing to rapid disease progression and the general diagnosis of advanced poisoning. As is well known, APAP-induced hepatotoxicity (AIH) is mainly caused by the toxic metabolite -acetyl--benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), and the toxic mechanisms of AIH are complicated. Several cellular processes are involved in the pathogenesis of AIH, including liver metabolism, mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction, sterile inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and microcirculation dysfunction. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction are the major cellular events associated with APAP-induced liver injury. Many biomolecules involved in these biological processes are potential therapeutic targets for AIH. Therefore, there is an urgent need to comprehensively clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying AIH and to explore novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the various cellular events involved in AIH and discusses their potential therapeutic targets, with the aim of providing new ideas for the treatment of AIH.
Topics: Humans; Acetaminophen; Oxidative Stress; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Acetylcysteine
PubMed: 36670547
DOI: 10.1177/15353702221147563 -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Jul 2022Understanding how pharmaceutical opioids and antipyretic analgesics interact with the immune system potentially has major clinical implications for management of... (Review)
Review
Understanding how pharmaceutical opioids and antipyretic analgesics interact with the immune system potentially has major clinical implications for management of patients with infectious diseases and surgical and critical care patients. An electronic search was carried out on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL and the Cochrane library to identify reports describing the immunomodulatory effects of opioid analgesics and antipyretic analgesics, and their effects in infectious diseases. In adaptive immunity, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have divergent effects: augmenting cell-mediated immunity but inhibiting humoral immunity. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have demonstrated a beneficial role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and histoplasmosis in animals, and may be plausible adjuvants to antimicrobial agents in these diseases. There is a need to evaluate these findings rigorously in human clinical trials. There is preliminary evidence demonstrating antiviral effects of indomethacin in SARS CoV-2 in vitro; however, uncertainty regarding its clinical benefit in humans needs to be resolved in large clinical trials. Certain opioid analgesics are associated with immunosuppressive effects, with a developing understanding that fentanyl, morphine, methadone and buprenorphine suppress innate immunity, whilst having diverse effects on adaptive immunity. Morphine suppresses key cells of the innate immunity and is associated with greater risk of infection in the postsurgical setting. Efforts are needed to achieve adequate analgesia whilst avoiding suppression of the innate immunity in the immediate postoperative period caused by certain opioids, particularly in cancer surgery.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antipyretics; Communicable Diseases; Humans; Morphine; Pharmaceutical Preparations; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35229890
DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15281 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022NOSH-Aspirin, which is generated from NO, HS, and aspirin, affects a variety of essential pathophysiological processes, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic,... (Review)
Review
NOSH-Aspirin, which is generated from NO, HS, and aspirin, affects a variety of essential pathophysiological processes, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antiplatelet, and anticancer properties. Although many people acknowledge the biological significance of NOSH-Aspirin and its therapeutic effects, the mechanism of action of NOSH-Aspirin and its regulation of tissue levels remains obscure. This is in part due to its chemical and physical features, which make processing and analysis difficult. This review focuses on the biological effects of NOSH-Aspirin and provides a comprehensive analysis to elucidate the mechanism underlying its disease-protective benefits.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Disulfides; Humans; Nitrates
PubMed: 36035295
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4463294 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Sep 2016While antipyretic analgesics are widely used to ameliorate vaccine adverse reactions, their use has been associated with blunted vaccine immune responses. Our objective... (Review)
Review
While antipyretic analgesics are widely used to ameliorate vaccine adverse reactions, their use has been associated with blunted vaccine immune responses. Our objective was to review literature evaluating the effect of antipyretic analgesics on vaccine immune responses and to highlight potential underlying mechanisms. Observational studies reporting on antipyretic use around the time of immunization concluded that their use did not affect antibody responses. Only few randomized clinical trials demonstrated blunted antibody response of unknown clinical significance. This effect has only been noted following primary vaccination with novel antigens and disappears following booster immunization. The mechanism by which antipyretic analgesics reduce antibody response remains unclear and not fully explained by COX enzyme inhibition. Recent work has focused on the involvement of nuclear and subcellular signaling pathways. More detailed immunological investigations and a systems biology approach are needed to precisely define the impact and mechanism of antipyretic effects on vaccine immune responses.
Topics: Analgesics; Antipyretics; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vaccines
PubMed: 27246296
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1183077 -
Clinical Interventions in Aging 2016Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. This review aims to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. This review aims to describe the relationship between acetylsalicylic acid and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - a chronic disease that causes deterioration of visual acuity and is one of the most common ophthalmological diseases these days.
METHODS
Data presented in this review were collected from both research and review articles concerning ophthalmology and pharmacology.
RESULTS
The results of the studies analyzed in this review are not unambiguous. Moreover, the studies are not homogenous. They differed from one another in terms of the number of patients, the age criteria, the ASA dose, and the duration of control period. The reviewed studies revealed that ASA therapy, which is applied as a protection in cardiovascular diseases in patients with early forms of AMD and geographic atrophy, should not be discontinued.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the present studies, it cannot be unequivocally said whether ASA influences people's vision and if people endangered with AMD progression or who are diagnosed with AMD should use this drug. It may increase the risk of AMD, but it can also reduce the risk of life-threatening conditions. The authors suggest that in order to avoid possible risks of AMD development, people who frequently take ASA should have their vision checked regularly.
Topics: Aspirin; Disease Progression; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 27843305
DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S115234 -
Social Cognitive and Affective... Sep 2020Acetaminophen, an analgesic and antipyretic available over-the-counter and used in over 600 medicines, is one of the most consumed drugs in the USA. Recent research has... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Acetaminophen, an analgesic and antipyretic available over-the-counter and used in over 600 medicines, is one of the most consumed drugs in the USA. Recent research has suggested that acetaminophen's effects extend to the blunting of negative as well as positive affect. Because affect is a determinant of risk perception and risk taking, we tested the hypothesis that acute acetaminophen consumption (1000 mg) could influence these important judgments and decisions. In three double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, healthy young adults completed a laboratory measure of risk taking (Balloon Analog Risk Task) and in Studies 1 and 2 completed self-report measures of risk perception. Across all studies (total n = 545), acetaminophen increased risk-taking behavior. On the more affectively stimulating risk perception measure used in Study 2, acetaminophen reduced self-reported perceived risk and this reduction statistically mediated increased risk-taking behavior. These results indicate that acetaminophen can increase risk taking, which may be due to reductions in risk perceptions, particularly those that are highly affect laden.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Affect; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Decision Making; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Judgment; Male; Risk-Taking; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 32888031
DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa108