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Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Mar 2020Periplaneta americana is a common traditional Chinese medicinal material which has been used to treat arthritis, fever, aches, pains, and inflammation of the extremities...
Periplaneta americana is a common traditional Chinese medicinal material which has been used to treat arthritis, fever, aches, pains, and inflammation of the extremities for several hundred years. However, little scientific data exists in literature to support its use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Periplaneta americana extract (PAE) and explore its underlying mechanism. The antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were evaluated by LPS-induced fever, carrageenan-induced paw edema, abdominal writhing, hot plate and formalin tests, respectively. The mechanism of action was explored by antioxidant activity analysis, inflammatory cytokines expression and febrile mediator measurement, and pathway activation analysis. The results from UHPLC-HRMS indicated that the extract was found to contain dopamine, coumarin, dipeptide, vitamin, organic acid, amino acid and its metabolites, and other organic compounds. PAE showed in a dose-dependent manner antioxidant activity and reduced the protein production and mRNA expression of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Moreover, PAE significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the writhing responses and licking time in formalin tests, increased response latency in the hot plate test, reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema and inflammation in mice, decreased LPS-induced rT increase in rats. Furthermore, PAE treatment markedly inhibited the increase in the levels of NO, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, PGE and cAMP in plasma of fevered rat, greatly suppressed the activation of inflammatory response pathway and the change of MDA and GSH concentration, MPO and SOD activity as well as FRAP capacity in paw induced by carrageenan injection. In conclusion, the findings suggested that PAE produced potential antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects by reducing production of endogenous inflammatory mediators and blocking the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway which support the claim for its traditional use in the treatment of various diseases.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Antipyretics; Cytokines; Edema; Female; Fever; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mice; Nociception; Periplaneta; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 31865148
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109753 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Intestinal inflammation is a complex and recurrent inflammatory disease. Pharmacological and pharmacodynamic experiments showed that aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) has good...
Intestinal inflammation is a complex and recurrent inflammatory disease. Pharmacological and pharmacodynamic experiments showed that aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) has good anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects. However, the role of AEE in regulating intestinal inflammation has not been explored. This study aimed to investigate whether AEE could have a protective effect on LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and thus help to alleviate the damage to the intestinal barrier. This was assessed with an inflammation model in Caco-2 cells and in rats induced with LPS. The expression of inflammatory mediators, intestinal epithelial barrier-related proteins, and redox-related signals was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and RT-qPCR. Intestinal damage was assessed by histopathological examination. Changes in rat gut microbiota and their functions were detected by the gut microbial metagenome. AEE significantly reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels ( < 0.05) and oxidative stress levels in Caco-2 cells and rats. Compared with the LPS group, AEE could increase the relative expression of Occludin, Claudin-1, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and decrease the relative expression of kappa-B (NF-κB) and matrix metalloproteinase-9. AEE could significantly improve weight loss, diarrhea, reduced intestinal muscle thickness, and intestinal villi damage in rats. Metagenome results showed that AEE could regulate the homeostasis of the gut flora and alter the relative abundance of and . Flora enrichment analysis indicated that the regulation of gut flora with AEE may be related to the regulation of glucose metabolism and energy metabolism. AEE could have positive effects on intestinal inflammation-related diseases.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Animals; Lipopolysaccharides; Caco-2 Cells; Aspirin; Intestinal Mucosa; Inflammation; Eugenol; Intestinal Diseases
PubMed: 38139262
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417434 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2021The coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), has spread rapidly around the world and become a major public health problem facing the world. Traditional Chinese medicine... (Review)
Review
The coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), has spread rapidly around the world and become a major public health problem facing the world. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been fully committed to treat COVID-19 in China. It improved the clinical symptoms of patients and reduced the mortality rate. In light of the fever was identified as one of leading clinical features of COVID-19, this paper will first analyze the material basis of fever, including pyrogenic cytokines and a variety of the mediators of fever. Then the humoral and neural pathways of fever signal transmission will be described. The scattered evidences about fever recorded in recent years are connected in series. On this basis, the understanding of fever is further deepened from the aspects of pathology and physiology. Finally, combining with the chemical composition and pharmacological action of available TCM, we analyzed the mechanisms of TCMs to play the antipyretic effect through multiple ways. So as to further provide the basis for the research of antipyretic compound preparations of TCMs and explore the potential medicines for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
PubMed: 33828481
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.583279 -
European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular... Oct 2017
Randomized Controlled Trial
Topics: Administration, Sublingual; Animals; Aspirin; Biomarkers; Collagen; Double-Blind Method; Drug Compounding; Fibrinolytic Agents; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Rats; Thromboxane B2
PubMed: 28505311
DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvx017 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022Paracetamol is the most commonly used antipyretic and analgesic in pregnancy. It is also increasingly used off-label in the neonatal intensive care unit. Despite the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Paracetamol is the most commonly used antipyretic and analgesic in pregnancy. It is also increasingly used off-label in the neonatal intensive care unit. Despite the frequent use of paracetamol, concerns have been raised regarding the high variability in neonatal dosing regimens and the long-term safety of early life exposure.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the available evidence on the long-term safety of prenatal and neonatal paracetamol exposure.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search of the electronic databases Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase and Web of Science from inception to August 2021 for original research studies of any design that described the use of paracetamol in the prenatal or neonatal (within the first four weeks of life) periods and examined the occurrence of neurodevelopmental, atopic or reproductive adverse outcomes at or beyond birth.
RESULTS
We identified 1313 unique articles and included 30 studies in the final review. Of all studies, 27 (90%), two (7%) and one (3%) were on the long-term safety of prenatal, neonatal and both prenatal and neonatal exposure, respectively. Thirteen (46%), 11 (39%) and four (15%) studies examined neurodevelopmental, atopic and reproductive outcomes. Eleven (100%), 11 (100%), and three (27%) studies on prenatal exposure reported adverse neurodevelopmental, atopic and reproductive outcomes. Only one study found a possible correlation between neonatal paracetamol exposure and long-term adverse outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
The available evidence, although limited, suggests a possible association between prenatal paracetamol exposure and an increased risk of neurodevelopmental, atopic and reproductive adverse outcomes. There is an immediate need for robust data on the long-term safety of paracetamol exposure in the prenatal and neonatal periods.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Pregnancy; Vitamins
PubMed: 35206317
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042128 -
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical... May 2021The present study determines the chemical constituents of using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and its different activities.
OBJECTIVES
The present study determines the chemical constituents of using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and its different activities.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Air-dried powdered leaves of were extracted by 95% methanol and fractionated consecutively with petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. The saponifiable matter, EtOAc and aqueous fractions were subjected to GC-MS. The analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antihyperglycemic properties of extracts, different fractions, and crude polysaccharide were determined by hot plate, carrageenan-induced paw edema, yeast-induced pyrexia, and alloxan-induced hyperglycemia methods, respectively.
RESULTS
Fourteen fatty acid methyl esters were identified in GC-MS-based profiling of the saponifiable matter. Alongside, 13 compounds were determined from EtOAc fraction and 6 compounds from the aqueous fraction of leaves. The ethyl acetate fraction and total stem extract displayed high anti-inflammatory potential with percentage of paw edema reduction by 48.99 and 47.54 %, respectively, compared with that of indomethacin (42.90 %). The ethyl acetate fraction and total stem extract revealed the highest analgesic activity with 137.95 and 137.12 % percent of protection against external stimulus, respectively. Investigation of antipyretic efficiency showed the total stem extract and crude polysaccharides attained normal temperature after 3 hr, which was very close to that of acetylsalicylic acid. The total leaf and stem extracts displayed significant antihyperglycemic activity with significant reduction in the level of blood glucose by 76.67 and 59.05 %, respectively.
CONCLUSION
had analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antihyperglycemic properties, which refer to its bioactive metabolites.
PubMed: 34249266
DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.53390.12016 -
Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang... Aug 2017Antipyretics are commonly prescribed drugs and hypersensitivity occurs at rates of 0.01% to 0.3%. Hypersensitivity can be due to immune mechanisms that include type I to... (Review)
Review
Antipyretics are commonly prescribed drugs and hypersensitivity occurs at rates of 0.01% to 0.3%. Hypersensitivity can be due to immune mechanisms that include type I to IV hypersensitivity. Type I hypersensitivity results from specific immunoglobulin E production following sensitisation on first exposure. Subsequent exposures elicit degranulation of mast cells, culminating an immediate reaction. Non-type I hypersensitivity is a delayed reaction that involves various effector cells, resulting in maculopapular rash, fixed drug eruptions, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. Antipyretics also cause non-immune hypersensitivity via cyclooxygenase inhibition. Apart from hypersensitivity to parent compounds, hypersensitivity to excipient has been reported. Clinical manifestations of antipyretic hypersensitivity involve the skin, mucosa, or multiple organs. Diagnosis of hypersensitivity requires a detailed history taking and knowledge of any underlying disorders. Differential diagnoses include infection, inflammatory conditions, and antipyretics acting as co-factors of other allergens. Investigations include specific immunoglobulin E assays, lymphocyte transformation test, basophil activation test, and skin prick test. Lack of standardisation and a scarcity of available commercial reagents, however, limit the utility of these tests. A drug provocation test under close supervision remains the gold standard of diagnosis. A trial of the culprit drug or other structurally different antipyretics can be considered. Patients with confirmed hypersensitivity to antipyretics should consider either avoidance or desensitisation. Other theoretical options include subthreshold or low-dose paracetamol, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, pre-medication with antihistamines with or without a leukotriene receptor antagonist, co-administration of prostaglandin E2 analogue, traditional Chinese medicine, or desensitisation if antipyretics are deemed desirable. Safety and efficacy of unconventional treatments warrant future studies.
Topics: Antipyretics; Desensitization, Immunologic; Disease Management; Drug Hypersensitivity; Histamine Antagonists; Humans; Premedication
PubMed: 28684647
DOI: 10.12809/hkmj166186 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2019Implant‑associated infection (IAI), a common condition marked by progressive inflammation and bone destruction, is mentally and financially devastating to those it...
Implant‑associated infection (IAI), a common condition marked by progressive inflammation and bone destruction, is mentally and financially devastating to those it affects, causing severe morbidity, prolonged hospital admissions, significant hospital costs and, in certain cases, mortality. Aspirin, a popular synthetic compound with a history of >100 years, is antipyretic, anti‑inflammatory and analgesic. It is the most active component of non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs. However, the effects of aspirin on IAI remain unknown. In the present study, an IAI animal model was used, in which a stainless steel pin coated with Staphylococcus aureus was implanted through the left shaft of the tibia in mice. The animals were then randomized into five groups and subjected respectively to IAI, IAI + 15 mg aspirin treatment, IAI + 30 mg aspirin treatment, IAI + 60 mg aspirin treatment and IAI + 120 mg aspirin treatment groups. Aspirin was injected intraperitoneally twice daily for 11 days. Micro‑CT and histological assays were performed to assess the effects of aspirin on IAI. It was found that aspirin reduced osteolysis and periosteal reaction, inhibited the activation of osteoclasts, promoted the activation of osteoblasts and facilitated healing of the infected fracture.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Osteolysis; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 31432131
DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4298 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... May 2022Dexketoprofen is an enantiomer of ketoprofen (S+) that belongs to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.... (Review)
Review
Dexketoprofen is an enantiomer of ketoprofen (S+) that belongs to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. Dexketoprofen has a stronger effect than ketoprofen, which makes it a readily used preparation. The review aims to find in recent original publications data about dexketoprofen and its comparison with other painkilling medications. The systematic literature review was conducted in November 2021 (2018 onwards). We selected 12 articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline Complete databases. In the last 4 years, there have been many publications that shed a new light on dexketoprofen. The article is a comparative analysis of dexketoprofen's action vs other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the combination of dexketoprofen with tramadol vs paracetamol with tramadol. The findings of the review confirm that dexketoprofen is a very good pain reliever more potent than paracetamol. Dexketoprofen produces similar effects to lidocaine and dexmedetomidine. Complex preparations containing dexketoprofen and tramadol are very effective painkilling tandem and are more effective than tramadol and paracetamol therapy in the treatment of acute pain.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Ketoprofen; Tramadol; Tromethamine
PubMed: 35299123
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112819 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2020Aspirin is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide and has been reported to possess anti-cancer properties in addition to antipyretic and analgesic effects.... (Review)
Review
Aspirin is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide and has been reported to possess anti-cancer properties in addition to antipyretic and analgesic effects. This umbrella review summarizes systematic reviews and meta-analyses that investigate the association between aspirin and cancer risk, aiming to help clinical and public health decision-makers interpret the results of these studies when re-positioning aspirin. An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The associations that reached statistical significance (17 in total) indicated potential preventive effects of aspirin on certain cancers or precancerous lesions. We found that no association was supported by strong evidence. Only one association (aspirin and overall cancer risk) was supported by highly suggestive evidence. The evidence supporting the association between aspirin and the risk of breast cancer, non-cardia gastric cancer, or prostate cancer was considered to be highly suggestive. The remaining 23 associations were supported by weak (13) or not suggestive evidence (10). The association between aspirin and a reduced risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is supported by strong evidence, researchers and policy makers should pay more attention to the potential merit of repositioning aspirin to prevent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Topics: Aspirin; Chemoprevention; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 32038497
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00003