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Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022Solar ultraviolet (sUV) radiation remains a major cause of skin aging. (lotus) is a well-known edible plant widely grown in Asia, including Korea, China, and Japan. The...
Solar ultraviolet (sUV) radiation remains a major cause of skin aging. (lotus) is a well-known edible plant widely grown in Asia, including Korea, China, and Japan. The lotus consists of flowers, leaves, stems, and seeds, and all parts reportedly possess nutritional and medical values. Traditionally, lotus flowers, leaves, stems, and seeds have been used as antidiarrheal agents, diuretics, antipyretics, and antimicrobial and antihyperlipidemic agents. In addition, the lotus embryo has been shown to possess sedative and antipyretic properties and can relieve hemostatic thirst and treat eye diseases. Recently, lotus flower extract has been widely used in cosmetics due to its ability to reduce wrinkles and its whitening effects. Numerous cosmetics using lotus embryo extracts are commercially available. However, the active components of remain elusive. Lotusine is a phytochemical and soluble alkaloid found in lotus embryos. Herein, we examined the anti-wrinkle effect of lotusine using sUV-exposed human keratinocytes. We observed that lotusine reduced sUV-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression and modulated transcriptional activities of activator protein (AP)-1 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). sUV-induced AP-1 and NF-κB activity could be activated via multiple signal transduction cascades, including the p38 MAPK, JNK, ERK1/2, and Akt pathways in the skin. Lotusine inhibited the MEK1/2-ERK1/2-p90, MKK3/6-p38, and Akt-p70 pathways. Overall, our findings suggest that lotusine has potential benefits related to MMP-1 expression and skin aging following sUV exposure. Hence, the lotus can be developed as a valuable functional food and cosmetic material.
PubMed: 35336655
DOI: 10.3390/plants11060773 -
Biomolecules Oct 2021Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic drugs to mitigate pain,... (Review)
Review
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic drugs to mitigate pain, however it is associated with gastrointestinal injury and cardiovascular disease in some individuals. Metabolomics has the potential to understand the interaction of host and the drugs, such as NSAIDs administration. This discipline has been used by many researchers to understand the serious side effects of NSAIDs. We highlighted (1) the potential of metabolomics in understanding the pathogenesis of adverse events due to NSAIDs administration; (2) choice of metabolomics techniques, bio sample handling; (3) review of metabolomics studies in the front of NSAIDs in different biofluids and tissues; (4) pathway analysis of the data presented in the published literature. In our analysis we find tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), "glycine serine and threonine metabolism," "alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism," and fatty acid metabolism to be altered by the NSAIDs like ibuprofen, indomethacin, naproxen, aspirin, and celecoxib. In conclusion, metabolomics allows the use of biological samples to identify useful pathways involved in disease progression, and subsequently inform a greater understanding of the disease pathogenesis. A further in-depth investigation of the associated pathways mentioned above holds the potential for drug targets for side effects mitigation.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Celecoxib; Humans; Ibuprofen; Inflammation; Metabolome; Metabolomics
PubMed: 34680089
DOI: 10.3390/biom11101456 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021Natural antioxidants, especially those of plant origins, have shown a plethora of biological activities with substantial economic value, as they can be extracted from...
Natural antioxidants, especially those of plant origins, have shown a plethora of biological activities with substantial economic value, as they can be extracted from agro-wastes and/or under exploited plant species. The perennial hydrophyte, , has been used traditionally to treat several health disorders; however, little is known about its biological and its medicinal effects. Here, we used an integrated in vitro and in vivo framework to examine the potential effect of on oxidative stress, nociception, inflammatory models, and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in mice. Our results suggested a consistent in vitro inhibition of three enzymes, namely 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2), as well as a potent antioxidant effect. These results were confirmed in vivo where the studied extract attenuated carrageenan-induced paw edema, carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity by 25, 44 and 64% at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. Moreover, the extract decreased acetic acid-induced vascular permeability by 45% at 600 mg/kg, p.o., and chemical hyperalgesia in mice by 86% by 400 mg/kg, p.o., in acetic acid-induced writhing assay. The extract (400 mg/kg) showed a longer response latency at the 3 h time point (2.5 fold of the control) similar to the nalbuphine, the standard opioid analgesic. Additionally, pronounced antipyretic effects were observed at 600 mg/kg, comparable to paracetamol. Using LC-MS/MS, we identified 15 secondary metabolites that most likely contributed to the obtained biological activities. Altogether, our findings indicate that has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and antipyretic effects, thus supporting its traditional use and promoting its valorization as a potential candidate in treating oxidative stress-associated diseases.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Antipyretics; Behavior, Animal; Capillary Permeability; Carrageenan; Cell Movement; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Edema; Fever; Iridoid Glucosides; Leukocytes; Male; Mice; Peritoneal Cavity; Phenylpropionates; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Potamogetonaceae; Rats; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 34443414
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164826 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021Different parts of (bunya pin) trees, such as nuts, seeds, bark, and shoots, are widely used in cooking, tea, and traditional medicines around the world. The shoots...
Different parts of (bunya pin) trees, such as nuts, seeds, bark, and shoots, are widely used in cooking, tea, and traditional medicines around the world. The shoots essential oil (EO) has not yet been studied. Herein, the chemical profile of shoots EO (ABSEO) was created by GC-MS analysis. Additionally, the in vivo oral and topical anti-inflammatory effect against carrageenan-induced models, as well as antipyretic potentiality of ABSEO and its nanoemulsion were evaluated. Forty-three terpenoid components were identified and categorized as mono- (42.94%), sesqui- (31.66%), and diterpenes (23.74%). The main compounds of the ABSEO were beyerene (20.81%), α-pinene (16.21%), D-limonene (14.22%), germacrene D (6.69%), β-humulene (4.14%), and sabinene (4.12%). The ABSEO and its nanoemulsion exhibited significant inflammation suppression in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model, in both oral (50 and 100 mg/kg) and topical (5% in soyabean oil) routes, compared to the control and reference drugs groups. All the results demonstrated the significant inflammation reduction via the inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL8), nitrosative (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) supported by the histopathological studies and immunohistochemical assessment of MMP-9 and NF-κβ levels in paw tissues. Moreover, the oral administration of ABSEO and its nanoemulsion (50 and 100 mg/kg) exhibited antipyretic activity in rats, demonstrated by the inhibition of hyperthermia induced by intramuscular injection of brewer's yeast. These findings advised that the use of ABSEO and its nanoemulsion against numerous inflammatory and hyperthermia ailments that could be attributed to its active constituents.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antipyretics; Araucaria; Carrageenan; Edema; Emulsions; Fever; Inflammation; Male; Oils, Volatile; Pain; Plant Extracts; Plant Shoots; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 34641376
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195833 -
PloS One 2022Dipyrone (metamizol) is regularly used in critical care for pain and fever treatment, especially in Germany and Spain. However, indication for antipyretic therapy in...
INTRODUCTION
Dipyrone (metamizol) is regularly used in critical care for pain and fever treatment, especially in Germany and Spain. However, indication for antipyretic therapy in critically ill patients is currently unclear and data for both the risk and benefit of dipyrone treatment in the intensive care environment are scarce. We hypothesized that antipyretic efficiency of dipyrone would not exceed antipyretic efficiency of acetaminophen. We therefore aimed to compare temperature courses in critically ill patients receiving either intravenous dipyrone, acetaminophen or no antipyretic medication.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We included 937 intensive care unit (ICU) patients with body temperature recordings of at least 37.5°C. We investigated temperature decrease associated with dipyrone or acetaminophen and additionally compared it to an untreated control group.
RESULTS
Within the eight-hour study interval, maximum body temperature decrease in patients without antipyretic medication was -0.6°C (IQR: -1.0 to -0.4°C; n = 315). Maximal decrease in body temperature was higher both with dipyrone (-0.8°C (IQR: -1.2 to -0.4°C); p = 0.016; n = 341) and acetaminophen (-0.9°C (IQR: -1.6 to -0.6°C); p<0.001; n = 71), but did not differ between dipyrone and acetaminophen (p = 0.066). As compared to untreated patients, dipyrone only led to a marginal additional decrease in body temperature of only -0.1°C. Maximum of antipyretic effectiveness was reached four hours after administration.
CONCLUSION
Antipyretic effectiveness of dipyrone in ICU patients may be overestimated. Given the lack of prospective data, clinical evidence for antipyretic dipyrone therapy in the ICU is insufficient and warrants further critical evaluation.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Antipyretics; Critical Illness; Dipyrone; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35271621
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264440 -
BMC Complementary and Alternative... Nov 2014Fever and pain management is a very challenging job for the clinician as the available synthetic agents are causing serious side effects. The present research article...
BACKGROUND
Fever and pain management is a very challenging job for the clinician as the available synthetic agents are causing serious side effects. The present research article deals with the antipyretic and antinociceptive activity of extract/fractions of Potentilla evestita and acacetin isolated from the chloroform fraction of the plant.
METHODS
Various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were used for the isolation and characterizion of compound. In-vivo yeast induced fibrile mice were used for antipyretic activity while acetic acid induced writhing and formalin tests were used for antinociceptive.
RESULTS
The extract/fractions of P. evestita caused marked antipyretic effect during various assessment times in which chloroform was the most prominent followed by ethyl acetate. When acacetin was injected, it produced marked effect with maximum activity of 33.28% and 55.01% at 5 and 10 mg/kg i.p respectively. When studied in acetic acid induced writhing test, the extract/fractions evoked significant antinociceptive effect in which chloroform was the most effective fraction followed by ethyl acetate. Acacetin showed significant antinociceptive effect with 44.77% and 67.03% reduction in abdominal constriction at 5 and 10 mg/kg i.p., respectively. Similarly, it evoked significant dose dependent reduction in noxious stimulation with 42.07% and 64.57% pain attenuation at 5 and 10 mg/kg i.p., respectively in initial phase. In the late phase, it illustrated more dominant effect with 46.32% and 67.29% reduction of painful sensation.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the extract/fractions of P. evestita as well as the isolated compound, acacetin showed strong antipyretic and antinociceptive activity in various animal models possibly mediated through both peripheral and central mechanism.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Antipyretics; Disease Models, Animal; Fever; Flavones; Male; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pain; Pain Measurement; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Potentilla; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 25407486
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-448 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Herbal products have been used in traditional systems of medicine and by ethnic healers for ages to treat various diseases. Currently, it is estimated that about 80% of... (Review)
Review
Herbal products have been used in traditional systems of medicine and by ethnic healers for ages to treat various diseases. Currently, it is estimated that about 80% of people worldwide use herbal traditional medicines against various ailments, partly due to easy accessibility and low cost, and the lower side effects they pose. , a herb ranging from the Himalayas to the foothills, including the north-eastern states of India, has traditionally been used as a remedy against various diseases, most prominently kidney stones. The medicinal properties of have been attributed to bergenin, its most potent bioactive component. Apart from bergenin, the other compounds available in are arbutin, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, afzelechin, paashaanolactone, caryophyllene, 1,8-cineole, β-eudesmol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, parasorbic acid, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, phytol, terpinen-4-ol, tannic acid, isovalaric acid, avicularin, quercetin, reynoutrin, and sitoinoside I. This review summarizes various medicinal properties of the herb, along with providing deep insight into its bioactive molecules and their potential roles in the amelioration of human ailments. Additionally, the possible mechanism(s) of action of the herb's anti-urolithiatic, antioxidative, antipyretic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties are discussed. This comprehensive documentation will help researchers to better understand the medicinal uses of the herb. Further studies on can lead to the discovery of new drug(s) and therapeutics for various ailments.
Topics: Humans; Quercetin; Arbutin; Chlorogenic Acid; Catechin; Antipyretics; Stigmasterol; Eucalyptol; Saxifragaceae; Plants, Medicinal; Plant Extracts; Gallic Acid; Tannins; Phytol
PubMed: 36296631
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207039 -
PloS One 2022Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Africa where annually, ~250,000 children with malaria experience a neurologic injury with subsequent neuro-disability....
Aggressive antipyretics in central nervous system malaria: Study protocol of a randomized-controlled trial assessing antipyretic efficacy and parasite clearance effects (Malaria FEVER study).
BACKGROUND
Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Africa where annually, ~250,000 children with malaria experience a neurologic injury with subsequent neuro-disability. Evidence indicates that a higher temperature during the acute illness is a risk factor for post-infectious neurologic sequelae. As such, aggressive antipyretic therapy may be warranted among children with complicated malaria at substantial risk of brain injury. Previous clinical trials conducted primarily in children with uncomplicated malaria and using only a single antipyretic medication have shown limited benefits in terms of fever reduction; however, no studies to date have examined malaria fever management using dual therapies. In this clinical trial of aggressive antipyretic therapy, children hospitalized with central nervous system (CNS) malaria will be randomized to usual care (acetaminophen every 6 hours for a temperature ≥ 38.5°C) vs. prophylactic acetaminophen and ibuprofen every 6 hours for 72 hours.
METHODS
In this double-blinded, placebo controlled, two-armed clinical trial, we will enroll 284 participants from three settings at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi; at the University Teaching Hospitals Children's Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia and at Chipata Central Hospital, Chipata, Zambia. Parents or guardians must provide written informed consent. Eligible participants are 2-11 years with evidence of P. falciparum malaria infection by peripheral blood smear or rapid diagnostic test with CNS symptoms associated with malaria. Eligible children will receive treatment allocation randomization either to standard of care for fever management or to prophylactic, scheduled treatment every 6 hours for 72 hours with dual antipyretic therapies using acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Assignment to treatment groups will be with 1:1 allocation using blocked randomization. The primary outcome will be maximum temperature in the 72 hours after enrolment. Secondary outcomes include parasite clearance as determined by quantitative Histidine Rich Protein II and seizures through 72 hours after enrolment.
DISCUSSION
This clinical trial seeks to challenge the practice paradigm of limited fever treatment based upon hyperpyrexia by evaluating the fever-reduction efficacy of more aggressive antipyretic using two antipyretics and prophylactic administration and will elucidate the impact of antipyretics on parasite clearance and acute symptomatic seizures. If aggressive antipyretic therapy is shown to safely reduce the maximum temperature, a clinical trial evaluating the neuroprotective effects of temperature reduction in CNS malaria is warranted.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Antipyretics; Central Nervous System; Child; Fever; Histidine; Humans; Ibuprofen; Malaria, Falciparum; Neuroprotective Agents; Parasites; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Seizures; Treatment Outcome; Zambia
PubMed: 36206262
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268414 -
EuroIntervention : Journal of EuroPCR... Dec 2018
Topics: Aspirin
PubMed: 30522983
DOI: 10.4244/EIJV14I11A207 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2021To determine the analgesic and antipyretic activities of a tablet derived from ethyl acetate fraction (AS201-01) in animal models.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the analgesic and antipyretic activities of a tablet derived from ethyl acetate fraction (AS201-01) in animal models.
METHODS
The tablet derived from AS201-01 contains an equivalent of 35 mg andrographolide per tablet. Analgesic activity was determined using an acetic acid-induced writhing test on adult male mice. A writhe was recorded by a stopwatch and was defined as the stretching of the abdomen and/or stretching of at least one hind limb. For the determination of antipyretic activity, pyrexia was induced by subcutaneous injection of 15% w/v Brewer's yeast into adult male rats. Rectal temperature was monitored at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after treatment.
RESULTS
The results showed that the AS201-01 tablet had analgesic and antipyretic activity. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, AS201-01 tablet exhibited significant analgesic effect with a 66.73% reduction in writhing response at a dose of 50 mg andrographolide/kg body weight compared to the negative control group. The tablet also showed a significant antipyretic effect. The maximum antipyretic effect was observed after the third hour of administration of the AS201-01 tablet at a dose of 100 mg andrographolide/kg body weight.
CONCLUSION
Tablet of ethyl acetate fraction (AS201-01) exhibited analgesic and antipyretic activities.
PubMed: 33747115
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8848797