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Folia Microbiologica Apr 2022Trueperella (T.) bernardiae is a well-known bacterial pathogen in infections of humans, rarely in animals. In the present study, five T. bernardiae isolates, isolated...
Identification of Trueperella bernardiae isolated from peking ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) by phenotypical and genotypical investigations and by a newly developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay.
Trueperella (T.) bernardiae is a well-known bacterial pathogen in infections of humans, rarely in animals. In the present study, five T. bernardiae isolates, isolated from five Peking ducks of four different farms, were identified by phenotypic properties, by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis, and genotypically by sequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, the superoxide dismutase A encoding gene sodA, and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase encoding gene gap. In addition, the T. bernardiae isolates could be identified with a newly developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay based on the gyrase encoding housekeeping gene gyrA. All these tests clearly identified the T. bernardiae isolates to the species level. However, the detection of the specific gene gyrA with the newly designed LAMP assay appeared with a high sensitivity and specificity, and could help to identify this bacterial species in human and animal infections in future. The importance of the T. bernardiae isolates for the clinical condition of the ducks and for the problems at farm level remains unclear.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Animals; Arcanobacterium; Beijing; Ducks; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 34780047
DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00927-4 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2017This study investigated if chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is correlated with periodontitis via periodontal microbiota and if certain bacteria affect...
This study investigated if chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is correlated with periodontitis via periodontal microbiota and if certain bacteria affect periodontitis as well as COPD. Moreover, the study investigated whether suffering from COPD is associated with a decrease in the richness and diversity of periodontal microbiota. Subgingival plaque was obtained from 105 patients. Bacterial DNA was isolated from 55 COPD and 50 non-COPD participants (either with or without periodontitis). 16S rRNA gene metagenomic sequencing was used to characterize the microbiota and to determine taxonomic classification. In the non-periodontitis patients, suffering from COPD resulted in a decrease in bacteria richness and diversity in the periodontal microenvironment. An increase in the genera , , and and in four species (, , , and ) in both COPD and periodontitis patients suggests that an increase in these periodontitis-associated microbiota may be related to COPD. Three genera (, , and ) were associated with COPD but not with periodontitis. The decrease in the genera , , and in COPD patients implies that these genera may be health-associated genera, and the decrease in these genera may be related to disease. These data support the hypothesis that COPD is correlated with periodontitis via these significantly changed specific bacteria.
PubMed: 28748030
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1324725 -
MicrobiologyOpen Jul 2019A Gram-staining positive facultative anaerobic, non-motile strain, sk1b4 , was isolated from canker of symptomatic bark tissue of a Populus × euramericana. 16S rRNA...
A Gram-staining positive facultative anaerobic, non-motile strain, sk1b4 , was isolated from canker of symptomatic bark tissue of a Populus × euramericana. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain sk1b4 shared the highest similarity with Arcanobacterium phocisimile (94.1%). Within the phylogenetic tree, the novel isolate formed a distinct branch from Actinobaculum, Arcanobacterium, and Trueperella. The percentage of conserved proteins calculated from genomic sequence indicated a low level of relatedness between the novel strain and its phylogenetic neighbors. Growth of the novel strain occurred at temperatures between 10 and 41°C, and within a pH range of 6.0-9.0; optimal growth occurred at 30°C and at pH 6.0-9.0. Growth also occurred within a NaCl concentration of 1%-5% (w/v). The major fatty acids of the strain were C , C , and C ω9c and major polar lipids were glycolipid, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phospholipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol. Respiratory quinone was absent. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, we propose that the novel isolate should be classified as a novel species in a new genus: Ancrocorticia populi gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is sk1b4 (=CFCC 14564 = KCTC 39919 ).
PubMed: 30656854
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.792 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Apr 2019
Topics: Abscess; Actinomycetaceae; Adult; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arcanobacterium; Breast Diseases; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 30847460
DOI: No ID Found -
Metabolites Dec 2018We investigated the effects of early intervention with maternal fecal microbiota and antibiotics on gut microbiota and the metabolites. Five litters of healthy neonatal...
We investigated the effects of early intervention with maternal fecal microbiota and antibiotics on gut microbiota and the metabolites. Five litters of healthy neonatal piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, nine piglets in each litter) were used. Piglets in each litter were orally treated with saline (CO), amoxicillin treatment (AM), or maternal fecal microbiota transplantation (MFMT) on days 1⁻6, with three piglets in each treatment. Results were compared to the CO group. MFMT decreased the relative abundances of and in the colon on day 7, whereas the abundance of increased, and the abundance of in the stomach reduced on day 21. AM reduced the abundance of in the stomach on day 7 and reduced the abundances of and in the ileum and colon on day 21, respectively. The metabolite profile indicated that MFMT markedly influenced carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid (AA) metabolism on day 7. On day 21, carbohydrate metabolism and AA metabolism were affected by AM. The results suggest that MFMT and AM discriminatively modulate gastrointestinal microflora and alter the colonic metabolic profiles of piglets and show different effects in the long-term. MFMT showed a location-specific influence on the gastrointestinal microbiota.
PubMed: 30563199
DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040089 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2017Animal health depends on the ability of immune cells to kill invading pathogens, and on the resilience of tissues to tolerate the presence of pathogens. Trueperella...
Animal health depends on the ability of immune cells to kill invading pathogens, and on the resilience of tissues to tolerate the presence of pathogens. Trueperella pyogenes causes tissue pathology in many mammals by secreting a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, pyolysin (PLO), which targets stromal cells. Cellular cholesterol is derived from squalene, which is synthesized via the mevalonate pathway enzymes, including HMGCR, FDPS and FDFT1. The present study tested the hypothesis that inhibiting enzymes in the mevalonate pathway to reduce cellular cholesterol increases the resilience of stromal cells to PLO. We first verified that depleting cellular cholesterol with methyl-β-cyclodextrin increased the resilience of stromal cells to PLO. We then used siRNA to deplete mevalonate pathway enzyme gene expression, and used pharmaceutical inhibitors, atorvastatin, alendronate or zaragozic acid to inhibit the activity of HMGCR, FDPS and FDFT1, respectively. These approaches successfully reduced cellular cholesterol abundance, but mevalonate pathway enzymes did not affect cellular resilience equally. Inhibiting FDFT1 was most effective, with zaragozic acid reducing the impact of PLO on cell viability. The present study provides evidence that inhibiting FDFT1 increases stromal cell resilience to a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Cattle; Cell Survival; Cholesterol; Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase; Geranyltranstransferase; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; Mevalonic Acid; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering; Recombinant Proteins; Stromal Cells; beta-Cyclodextrins
PubMed: 29213055
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17138-y -
Biology of Reproduction Oct 2018Preventing postpartum uterine disease depends on the ability of endometrial cells to tolerate the presence of the bacteria that invade the uterus after parturition....
Preventing postpartum uterine disease depends on the ability of endometrial cells to tolerate the presence of the bacteria that invade the uterus after parturition. Postpartum uterine disease and endometrial pathology in cattle are most associated with the pathogen Trueperella pyogenes. Trueperella pyogenes secretes a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, pyolysin, which causes cytolysis by forming pores in the plasma membrane of endometrial stromal cells. The aim of the present study was to identify cell-intrinsic pathways that increase bovine endometrial stromal cell tolerance to pyolysin. Pyolysin caused dose-dependent cytolysis of bovine endometrial stromal cells and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase into supernatants. Cell tolerance to pyolysin was increased by inhibitors that target the mevalonate and cholesterol synthesis pathway, but not the mitogen-activated protein kinase, cell cycle, or metabolic pathways. Cellular cholesterol was reduced and cell tolerance to pyolysin was increased by supplying the mevalonate-derived isoprenoid farnesyl pyrophosphate, or by inhibiting farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 or geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1 to increase the abundance of farnesyl pyrophosphate. Supplying the mevalonate-derived isoprenoid geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate also increased cell tolerance to pyolysin, but independent of changes in cellular cholesterol. However, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate inhibits nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H receptors (NR1H, also known as liver X receptors), and reducing the expression of the genes encoding NR1H3 or NR1H2 increased stromal cell tolerance to pyolysin. In conclusion, mevalonate-derived isoprenoids increased bovine endometrial stromal cell tolerance to pyolysin, which was associated with reducing cellular cholesterol and inhibiting NR1H receptors.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Animals; Arcanobacterium; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Cholesterol; Endometrium; Female; Hemolysin Proteins; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mevalonic Acid; Models, Biological; Polyisoprenyl Phosphates; Puerperal Infection; Sesquiterpenes; Stromal Cells; Terpenes; Uterine Diseases
PubMed: 29688258
DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy099 -
PloS One 2020Pathogenic bacteria often damage tissues by secreting toxins that form pores in cell membranes, and the most common pore-forming toxins are cholesterol-dependent...
Pathogenic bacteria often damage tissues by secreting toxins that form pores in cell membranes, and the most common pore-forming toxins are cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. During bacterial infections, glutamine becomes a conditionally essential amino acid, and glutamine is an important nutrient for immune cells. However, the role of glutamine in protecting tissue cells against pore-forming toxins is unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that glutamine supports the protection of tissue cells against the damage caused by cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. Stromal and epithelial cells were sensitive to damage by the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, pyolysin and streptolysin O, as determined by leakage of potassium and lactate dehydrogenase from cells, and reduced cell viability. However, glutamine deprivation increased the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and reduced the viability of cells challenged with cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. Without glutamine, stromal cells challenged with pyolysin leaked lactate dehydrogenase (control vs. pyolysin, 2.6 ± 0.6 vs. 34.4 ± 4.5 AU, n = 12), which was more than three-fold the leakage from cells supplied with 2 mM glutamine (control vs. pyolysin, 2.2 ± 0.3 vs. 9.4 ± 1.0 AU). Glutamine cytoprotection did not depend on glutaminolysis, replenishing the Krebs cycle via succinate, changes in cellular cholesterol, or regulators of cell metabolism (AMPK and mTOR). In conclusion, although the mechanism remains elusive, we found that glutamine supports the protection of tissue cells against the damage caused by cholesterol-dependent cytolysins from pathogenic bacteria.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Cattle; Cholesterol; Cytoprotection; Cytotoxins; Glutamine; HeLa Cells; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Streptolysins; Stromal Cells
PubMed: 32163417
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219275 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jun 2021Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a common opportunistic pathogen of many livestock and play an important regulation role during multibacterial infection and...
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a common opportunistic pathogen of many livestock and play an important regulation role during multibacterial infection and interaction with the host by its primary virulence factor pyolysin (PLO). The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation role of PLO which serve as a combinational pathogen with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during endometritis. In this study, the expression of bioactive recombinant PLO (rPLO) in a prokaryotic expression system and its purification are described. Moreover, we observed that rPLO inhibited the innate immune response triggered by LPS and that methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD) abrogated this inhibitory effect in goat endometrium stromal cells (gESCs). Additionally, we show from pharmacological and genetic studies that rPLO-induced autophagy represses gene expression by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Importantly, this study reported that ATF6 serves as a primary regulator of the cellular inflammatory reaction to rPLO. Overall, these observations suggest that T. pyogenes PLO could create an immunosuppressive environment for other pathogens invasion by regulating cellular signaling pathways.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Activating Transcription Factor 6; Animals; Autophagy; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Endometrium; Female; Goats; Hemolysin Proteins; Inflammasomes; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Lipopolysaccharides; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Recombinant Proteins; Stromal Cells
PubMed: 33454924
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00422-5 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Aug 2017In 2007, a previously unrecorded disease, fur animal epidemic necrotic pyoderma (FENP), was detected in farmed mink (Neovision vision), foxes (Vulpes lagopus) and...
BACKGROUND
In 2007, a previously unrecorded disease, fur animal epidemic necrotic pyoderma (FENP), was detected in farmed mink (Neovision vision), foxes (Vulpes lagopus) and Finnraccoons (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Finland. Symptoms included severe pyoderma with increased mortality, causing both animal welfare problems and economic losses. In 2011, an epidemiologic questionnaire was mailed to all members of the Finnish Fur Breeders' Association to assess the occurrence of FENP from 2009 through the first 6 months of 2011. The aim was to describe the geographical distribution and detailed clinical signs of FENP, as well as sources of infection and potential risk factors for the disease.
RESULTS
A total of 239 farmers (25%) returned the questionnaire. Clinical signs of FENP were observed in 40% (95% CI 34-46%) of the study farms. In addition, the survey clarified the specific clinical signs for different animal species. The presence of disease was associated with the importation of mink, especially from Denmark (OR 9.3, 95% CI 2.6-33.0). The transmission route between Finnish farms was associated with fur animal purchases. Some risk factors such as the farm type were also indicated. As such, FENP was detected more commonly on farms with more than one species of fur animal in comparison to farms with, for example, only foxes (OR 4.6, 95% CI 2.4-8.6), and the incidence was higher on farms with over 750 breeder mink compared to smaller farms (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.6-9.0). Contact between fur animals and birds and other wildlife increased the risk of FENP on farms. Responses also indicated that blocking the entry of wildlife to the animal premises protected against FENP.
CONCLUSIONS
FENP was most likely introduced to Finland by imported mink and spread further within the country via domestically purchased fur animals. Some potential risk factors, such as the type and size of the farm and contact with wildlife, contributed to the spread of FENP. Escape-proof shelter buildings block the entry of wildlife, thus protecting fur animals against FENP.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Disease Outbreaks; Farmers; Female; Finland; Foxes; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mink; Pyoderma; Raccoons; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 28774326
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0322-z