-
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... May 2019Vascular complications after liver transplantation may lead to graft dysfunction and liver failure, which in turn results in need for retransplantation and death risk....
Vascular complications after liver transplantation may lead to graft dysfunction and liver failure, which in turn results in need for retransplantation and death risk. Therefore, their early diagnosis is critical. Major vascular complications include hepatic artery thrombosis, stenosis and aneurysms; portal vein thrombosis and stenosis; and potential additional complications in hepatic veins and vena cava. Of all these vascular complications hepatic arterial thrombosis, which involves approximately 5% of transplant recipients, is most significant. Portal complications, which are second in significance, are less common (2%).
Topics: Gastroenterologists; Hepatic Artery; Humans; Liver Transplantation; Thrombosis; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 30917661
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2019.6240/2019 -
PloS One 2021The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the differences in the incidence of thrombosis and vascular compromise in arterial anastomosis between microvascular... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the differences in the incidence of thrombosis and vascular compromise in arterial anastomosis between microvascular anastomotic devices and hand-sewn techniques during free tissue transfer in the head and neck. We searched for articles in PubMed/Medline, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science, from January 1, 1962 till April 1, 2020 that reported data of microvascular anastomosis during free tissue transfer in the head and neck. The incidence of arterial thrombosis or vascular compromise, or both was the primary outcome. The secondary outcome was anastomotic time. We also assessed the sensitivity and the risk of bias. This meta-analysis included 583 arterial anastomoses from six studies. The group using microvascular anastomotic devices tended to have an increased incidence of arterial thrombosis and vascular compromise (risk ratio (RR), 3.42; P = 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91-12.77). The hand-sewn technique took significantly longer to perform the anastomosis compared with that of the microvascular anastomotic devices (weighted mean difference, 15.26 min; P<0.01; 95% CI, 14.65-15.87). Microvascular anastomotic devices might increase the risk of arterial thrombosis and vascular compromise compared with the hand-sewn technique; however, further randomized controlled trials are needed to provide a more accurate estimate. The application of microvascular anastomotic devices will help to reduce anastomotic surgery time and achieve acceptable vessel opening, benefiting from the developments of arterial couplers and microsurgical techniques.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Arteries; Databases, Factual; Free Tissue Flaps; Head; Humans; Neck; Risk; Thrombosis; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 33793654
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249418 -
Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 2015High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) exert many beneficial effects which may help to protect against the development or progression of atherosclerosis or even facilitate... (Review)
Review
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) exert many beneficial effects which may help to protect against the development or progression of atherosclerosis or even facilitate lesion regression. These activities include promoting cellular cholesterol efflux, protecting low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) from modification, preserving endothelial function, as well as anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects. However, questions remain about the relative importance of these activities for atheroprotection. Furthermore, the many molecules (both lipids and proteins) associated with HDLs exert both distinct and overlapping activities, which may be compromised by inflammatory conditions, resulting in either loss of function or even gain of dysfunction. This complexity of HDL functionality has so far precluded elucidation of distinct structure-function relationships for HDL or its components. A better understanding of HDL metabolism and structure-function relationships is therefore crucial to exploit HDLs and its associated components and cellular pathways as potential targets for anti-atherosclerotic therapies and diagnostic markers.
Topics: Animals; Arteries; Atherosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Cholesterol, HDL; Endothelium, Vascular; Homeostasis; Humans; Lipoproteins, HDL; Lipoproteins, LDL; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Protective Factors; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Thrombosis
PubMed: 25522995
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_11 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2020Although arterial and venous thromboembolic disorders are among the most frequent causes of mortality and morbidity, there has been little description of how the...
Although arterial and venous thromboembolic disorders are among the most frequent causes of mortality and morbidity, there has been little description of how the composition of thrombi and emboli depends on their vascular origin and age. We quantified the structure and composition of arterial and venous thrombi and pulmonary emboli using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Arterial thrombi contained a surprisingly large amount of fibrin, in addition to platelets. The composition of pulmonary emboli mirrored the most distal part of venous thrombi from which they originated, which differed from the structure of the body and head of the same thrombi. All thrombi and emboli contained few biconcave red blood cells but many polyhedrocytes or related forms of compressed red blood cells, demonstrating that these structures are a signature of clot contraction in vivo. Polyhedrocytes and intermediate forms comprised the major constituents of venous thrombi and pulmonary emboli. The structures within all of the thrombi and emboli were very tightly packed, in contrast to clots formed in vitro. There are distinctive, reproducible differences among arterial and venous thrombi and emboli related to their origin, destination and duration, which may have clinical implications for the understanding and treatment of thrombotic disorders.
Topics: Arteries; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Erythrocytes; Fibrin; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Pulmonary Embolism; Thromboembolism; Veins; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 32198356
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59526-x -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Sep 2017Neoatherosclerosis is a form of accelerated atherosclerosis that occurs within stented segments of the coronary vessel late or very late after drug-eluting stent (DES)... (Review)
Review
Neoatherosclerosis is a form of accelerated atherosclerosis that occurs within stented segments of the coronary vessel late or very late after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation via percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This proliferation of neointima with a formation of new atheromatous plaque within stent struts lacking re-endothelialization can provoke thrombotic occlusion and lead to catastrophic acute coronary events. Knowing that coronary artery disease is the leading single cause of mortality worldwide and that there is a constant trend of increase in PCI procedures, it is reasonable to conclude that late thrombotic events and neoatherosclerosis post-PCI remain an important therapeutic challenge. For these reasons, early identification of patients at risk through the means of advanced imaging methods or preventive solutions available through novel technological solutions in DES design that target pro-inflammatory pathways and enable optimized arterial healing are central strategies in prevention and treatment of in-stent neoatherosclerosis and thrombosis. Due to this, pre-clinical studies performed on animal models are crucial building blocks that enable the objective and scientific assessment of innovative technological and therapeutic solutions before they are introduced to early stages of human clinical trials. A comparative medicine approach allows designing and executing experiments in animal models with a high degree of similarity with human coronary anatomy possibly promising the translation of encouraging findings to human clinical studies. The aim of this review is to provide contemporary insights on the pathophysiology of neoatherosclerosis and in-stent thrombosis and emergence of novel biomedical and technological solutions used to counter them.
Topics: Animals; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Restenosis; Coronary Vessels; Humans; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Thrombosis
PubMed: 28955184
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Apr 2015Acute arterial occlusions occur in high shear rate hemodynamic conditions. Arterial thrombi are platelet-rich when examined histologically compared with red blood cells... (Review)
Review
Acute arterial occlusions occur in high shear rate hemodynamic conditions. Arterial thrombi are platelet-rich when examined histologically compared with red blood cells in venous thrombi. Prior studies of platelet biology were not capable of accounting for the rapid kinetics and bond strengths necessary to produce occlusive thrombus under these conditions where the stasis condition of the Virchow triad is so noticeably absent. Recent experiments elucidate the unique pathway and kinetics of platelet aggregation that produce arterial occlusion. Large thrombi form from local release and conformational changes in von Willebrand factor under very high shear rates. The effect of high shear hemodynamics on thrombus growth has profound implications for the understanding of all acute thrombotic cardiovascular events as well as for vascular reconstructive techniques and vascular device design, testing, and clinical performance.
Topics: Animals; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Arteries; Biomechanical Phenomena; Blood Coagulation; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Platelets; Hemodynamics; Humans; Kinetics; Models, Cardiovascular; Platelet Aggregation; Regional Blood Flow; Stress, Mechanical; Thrombosis; Vascular Patency; von Willebrand Factor
PubMed: 25704412
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.12.050 -
European Journal of Vascular and... Oct 2019
Topics: Aged; Aortic Aneurysm; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; Endovascular Procedures; Graft Occlusion, Vascular; Humans; Iliac Artery; Male; Thrombectomy; Thrombosis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31405727
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.04.026 -
Platelets Dec 2023Thrombus formation is highly dependent upon the physico-chemical environment in which it is triggered. Our ability to understand how thrombus formation is initiated,... (Review)
Review
Thrombus formation is highly dependent upon the physico-chemical environment in which it is triggered. Our ability to understand how thrombus formation is initiated, regulated, and resolved in the human body is dependent upon our ability to replicate the mechanical and biological properties of the arterial wall. Current thrombosis models principally use reductionist approaches to model the complex biochemical and cellular milieu present in the arterial wall, and so researcher have favored the use of models. The field of vascular tissue engineering has developed a range of techniques for culturing artificial human arteries for use as vascular grafts. These techniques therefore provide a basis for developing more sophisticated 3D replicas of the arterial wall that can be used in thrombosis models. In this review, we consider how tissue engineering approaches can be used to generate 3D models of the arterial wall that improve upon current and approaches. We consider the current benefits and limitations of reported 3D tissue engineered models and consider what additional evidence is required to validate them as alternatives to current models.
Topics: Humans; Arteries; Thrombosis; Tissue Engineering; Blood Vessel Prosthesis
PubMed: 36550074
DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2153823 -
Journal of the American Heart... Mar 2022Background Inflammation of the perivascular adipose tissue (PvAT) may be related to atherosclerosis; however, the association of polarized macrophages in the...
Background Inflammation of the perivascular adipose tissue (PvAT) may be related to atherosclerosis; however, the association of polarized macrophages in the pericoronary PvAT with measurements of atherosclerosis components in humans has not been fully investigated. Methods and Results Coronary arteries were dissected with surrounding PvAT. We evaluated the percentage of arterial obstruction, intima-media thickness, fibrous cap thickness, plaque components, and the number of vasa vasorum. The number of proinflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages in the periplaque and control PvAT were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical variables were used. In 319 segments from 82 individuals, we found a correlation of the M1/M2 macrophage density ratio with an increase in arterial obstruction (=0.02) and lipid content (=0.01), and a decrease in smooth muscle cells (=0.02). M1 and the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages were associated with an increased risk of thrombosis (=0.03). In plaques with thrombosis, M1 macrophages were correlated with a decrease in fibrous cap thickness (=0.006), an increase in lipid content (=0.008), and the number of vasa vasorum in the adventitia layer (=0.001). M2 macrophages were correlated with increased arterial obstruction (=0.01), calcification (=0.02), necrosis (=0.03) only in plaques without thrombosis, and decrease of the number of vasa vasorum in plaques with thrombosis (=0.003). Conclusions M1 macrophages in the periplaque PvAT were associated with a higher risk of coronary thrombosis and were correlated with histological components of plaque progression and destabilization. M2 macrophages were correlated with plaque size, calcification, necrotic content, and a decrease in the number of vasa vasorum in the adventitia layer.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Atherosclerosis; Calcinosis; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Vessels; Humans; Lipids; Macrophages; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Thrombosis
PubMed: 35229617
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.121.023274 -
Oral-bacterial-induced arterial and venous thrombus in rats: Pathological and immunological studies.Clinical and Experimental Dental... Oct 2019Our study investigated the pathological outcome of experimental thrombi that incorporate oral bacteria.
OBJECTIVES
Our study investigated the pathological outcome of experimental thrombi that incorporate oral bacteria.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A small artery and vein in the rats' groins were injected with a solution containing periodontal bacteria and followed up for 28 days. In all, 18 limbs of nine male rats (500-650 g) were used for the arterial study, and eight limbs of four rats were used for the veins. Two densities of the bacterial solution and two arterial thicknesses sizes were used in the arterial study. Both proximal and distal arteries and veins were ligated loosely using a monofilament nylon suture before bacterial suspensions or control solutions were injected into the ligated vessels.
RESULTS
After 7, 14-18, and 28 days, the rats were sacrificed. Pathology and immunohistochemistry were performed. All specimens exhibited thrombus formation and an acute inflammation reaction with granulocytes at 7 days and then settled down to chronic fibrous change with plasma cells or macrophages at 28 days in the arterial thrombus. CD3 (Pan T-cells), CD79a (Pan B cells in the rats), and IgG were observed in the process of the healing of the arterial thrombus. Venous changes showed relatively clear recanalization that appeared at 7 days, which is slightly different from the artery. Granulocytes were present from 7 to 28 days.
CONCLUSIONS
Periodontal bacteria act as an inflammatory core in the vessels, but not as an infectious agent, in our experiments, because of their low ability to invade tissues.
Topics: Animals; Arteries; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Male; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Rats; Thrombosis; Veins
PubMed: 31687183
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.215