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BioMed Research International 2022Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the major reason for women's low fertility and the most frequent endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age. Homocysteine is an...
BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the major reason for women's low fertility and the most frequent endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age. Homocysteine is an amino acid that contains sulfur that has been negatively correlated with the reproductive outcome of polycystic women treated with IVF/ICSI. However, the impact of blood homocysteine levels on the outcome of artificial insemination in polycystic ovary syndrome women is unknown. The goal of this study is to examine the impact of serum homocysteine on the result of intrauterine insemination in females who have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
METHODS
96 infertile women (129 cycles) treated with artificial insemination were collected, including 66 cases (87 cycles) in the case group (PCOS group) and 30 cases (42 cycles) in the control group (male factor infertility). The differences in general data amongst two groups, such as BMI, Hcy, and age, were compared. The case group has been classified into two groups based on serum Hcy level: LHcy group (Hcy < 15) and HHcy group (Hcy ≥ 15). The relationship among pregnancy and serum Hcy level outcome in PCOS women was compared.
RESULTS
The PCOS group had substantially increased serum homocysteine levels in comparison to the control group ( = 0.019). Among PCOS women, the clinical pregnancy rates of artificial insemination in the HHcy group and LHcy group were 14.29% and 37.88%. The difference among the two groups was substantial ( = 0.044). Artificial insemination frequency, ovulation induction, BMI, infertility years, AMH, serum testosterone, HOME IR, TSH, TPOAb, hCG, daily follicle size, intimal thickness, and other factors did not differ greatly between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
Serum homocysteine levels are increased in women having PCOS. Their levels above the threshold will lower the clinical pregnancy rate of intrauterine insemination in PCOS women.
Topics: Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Infertility, Female; Insemination, Artificial; Male; Ovulation Induction; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy
PubMed: 36046438
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6311419 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jul 2022The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of nerve growth factor-β (NGF), purified from bulls' seminal plasma and administered at the time of...
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of nerve growth factor-β (NGF), purified from bulls' seminal plasma and administered at the time of artificial insemination (AI), on progesterone post-AI, interferon-stimulated genes (ISG), and pregnancy per AI (P/AI) for lactating Holstein dairy cows enrolled in a timed-AI protocol. We hypothesized that administration of NGF at the time of AI would increase plasma progesterone post-AI, upregulate relative abundance of ISG, and improve P/AI in lactating dairy cows. Holstein cows (n = 557) from a single commercial dairy farm were blocked by parity and randomly assigned to receive an intramuscular injection containing 296 µg of bovine purified NGF at the time of AI, diluted in 2 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (NGF: n = 275), or receive only the 2 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (control: n = 282). Plasma progesterone and corpus luteum size were assessed in a subset of cows (NGF: n = 32; control: n = 36) at d 7, 14, and 19 post-AI. Relative mRNA abundance of ISG (ISG15, MX1, MX2, and RTP4) was assessed in peripheral blood leukocytes on d 19 post-AI. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at 37 and 65 d post-AI. There was an interaction effect between treatment and parity for plasma progesterone; however, plasma progesterone and ISG did not differ between treatments. There were no effects of NGF for P/AI at 37 d post-AI (NGF = 40.0% vs. control = 41.6%), 65 d post-AI (NGF = 36.0% vs. control = 38.1%), and for pregnancy loss (NGF = 8.4% vs. control = 7.7%). The current study revealed that effects to NGF in lactating Holstein cows were minor and contingent with parity for progesterone, and no improvement in ISG relative abundance and P/AI were observed.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Clinical Trials, Veterinary as Topic; Dinoprost; Estrus Synchronization; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Insemination, Artificial; Lactation; Male; Nerve Growth Factor; Phosphates; Pregnancy; Progesterone
PubMed: 35637004
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21874 -
Fertility and Sterility Dec 2021To evaluate the relationship between semen regurgitation and intrauterine insemination (IUI) outcomes. We hypothesized that clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relationship between semen regurgitation and intrauterine insemination (IUI) outcomes. We hypothesized that clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates would be reduced when regurgitation occurred.
DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study.
SETTING
A university-based reproductive endocrinology and infertility clinic.
PATIENT(S)
Retrospective review of 1,957 IUI cycles performed on 660 patients between July 2007 and May 2012.
INTERVENTION(S)
None.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
The primary outcome was live birth. Secondary outcomes were positive serum pregnancy result and clinical pregnancy. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a cluster-weighted generalized estimating equations method to estimate modified Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to account for multiple IUI cycles in the same patient.
RESULT(S)
Live birth rates were similar in IUI cycles with and without regurgitation (6.3% vs. 6.8%, respectively, RR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.53-1.26]). Clinical pregnancy rates in the presence or absence of regurgitation were 10.5% vs. 10.0% (RR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.73-1.35]). Positive serum pregnancy tests after IUI did not differ by regurgitation status (15.0% vs. 15.4%, RR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.75-1.24]). Results were unchanged when adjusted for covariates (age, race and ethnicity, body mass index, duration of infertility, medication, infertility diagnosis, total motile count, and method of sperm preparation).
CONCLUSION(S)
The presence of regurgitation during the IUI procedure is not related to pregnancy outcome.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; Insemination, Artificial; Live Birth; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Retrospective Studies; Semen
PubMed: 34417056
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.1183 -
Journal of Dairy Science Dec 2020The objective was to use ovulation synchronization with timed artificial insemination (TAI) to evaluate the effect of timing of artificial insemination (AI) with frozen...
Evaluation of delayed timing of artificial insemination with sex-sorted sperm on pregnancy per artificial insemination in seasonal-calving, pasture-based lactating dairy cows.
The objective was to use ovulation synchronization with timed artificial insemination (TAI) to evaluate the effect of timing of artificial insemination (AI) with frozen sex-sorted sperm on fertility performance in pasture-based compact calving herds. Ejaculates from 3 Holstein-Friesian bulls were split and processed to provide frozen sex-sorted sperm (SS) at 4 × 10 sperm per straw, and frozen conventional sperm at 15 × 10 sperm per straw (CONV). A modified Progesterone-Ovsynch protocol was used for estrous synchronization, with TAI occurring 16 h after the second GnRH injection for cows assigned to CONV, and either 16 h (SS-16) or 22 h (SS-22) for cows assigned to SS. Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted by transrectal ultrasound scanning of the uterus 35 to 40 d after TAI (n = 2,175 records available for analysis). Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the effects of treatment on pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI). Fixed effects included treatment (n = 3), bull (n = 3), treatment by bull interaction, parity (n = 4), days-in-milk category (n = 3), and treatment by days-in-milk category, with herd (n = 24) included as a random effect. Pregnancy per AI was greater for CONV compared with both SS-16 and SS-22 (61.1%, 49.0%, and 51.3%, respectively), and the SS treatments did not differ from each other (relative P/AI for SS-16 and SS-22 vs. CONV were 80.2% and 84.0%, respectively). There were significant bull and treatment by bull interaction effects. Additional analysis was undertaken using a model that included herd as a fixed effect. This analysis identified marked herd-to-herd variation (within-herd relative P/AI for the combined SS treatments vs. CONV ranged from 48-121%). The tertile of herds with the best performance achieved a mean relative P/AI of 100% (range = 91-121%), indicating that P/AI equivalent to CONV is achievable with SS. Conversely, the tertile of herds with the poorest performance achieved a mean relative P/AI of 67% (range = 48-77%). We found that SS resulted in poorer overall P/AI compared with CONV sperm regardless of timing of AI. Marked variation existed between herds; however, one-third of herds achieved P/AI results equal to CONV. Identification of factors responsible for the large herd-to-herd variation in P/AI with SS, and development of strategies to reduce this variation, warrant further research.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Estrus; Estrus Synchronization; Female; Fertility; Freezing; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Insemination, Artificial; Lactation; Linear Models; Male; Milk; Ovulation; Parity; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Seasons; Sex Determination Processes; Spermatozoa; Time Factors
PubMed: 33069411
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18847 -
Journal of Dairy Science Sep 2019The reproductive parameters of dairy cattle have continuously declined worldwide over the last 50 years. Nutritional imbalances are identified as risk factors for this...
The reproductive parameters of dairy cattle have continuously declined worldwide over the last 50 years. Nutritional imbalances are identified as risk factors for this decrease of reproductive performance. The present paper aims to quantify the decrease in the pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) in the case of high milk ketones before and after AI. A total of 388,731 test-day from the Brittany Milk Recording Program in France from 226,429 cow-lactations were provided for this trial. For each test-day, information about lactation characteristics, date of AI, date of the following calving, and acetone and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) values were included. Ketones were predicted by Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy using MilkoScan Foss analyzers (Foss, Hillerød, Denmark). Many thresholds were evaluated to define cows with hyperketolactia. Hyperketolactia statuses were then categorized into 1 of 4 possible classes according to the milk ketone dynamics for each AI and each threshold of acetone or BHB values (low-low, high-low, low-high, and high-high) within 20 d before and after AI. Similarly, the dynamics of udder health were characterized by changes in somatic cell counts measured at the same test day as ketone bodies. A logistic regression with a Poisson correction was performed to explain the relationship of P/AI with milk ketones and somatic cell count dynamics. Predicted acetone and BHB ranged from -0.51 to 4.92 mM (mean = 0.08 mM, SD = 0.10 mM) and -0.62 to 5.85 mM (mean = 0.07 mM, SD = 0.1 mM), respectively. Hyperketolactia defined by high acetone levels before AI was not associated with decreased P/AI, but high acetone levels after AI were associated with a >10% reduction in P/AI for all thresholds >0.10 mM. Hyperketolactia, defined by high BHB values before, after, or before and after AI, was associated with a 6 to 14% reduction in P/AI compared with cows with low BHB values. These associations are lower than those reported in previous trials in which blood ketones were used. High ketones in advanced lactation are likely to be the result of various primary disorders (secondary ketosis). Because the present work demonstrated that this situation is considered a risk factor for deteriorated reproductive performance, we suggest that high ketones in early and advanced lactation should be of interest to farm advisors.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Cattle; Female; Insemination, Artificial; Ketones; Lactation; Milk; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31326183
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16477 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2020Sperm preparation is critical to achieving a successful intrauterine insemination and requires the processing of a semen sample to remove white blood cells, wash away...
Sperm preparation is critical to achieving a successful intrauterine insemination and requires the processing of a semen sample to remove white blood cells, wash away seminal plasma, and reduce sample volume. We present an automated instrument capable of performing a sperm preparation starting with a diluted semen sample. We compare our device against a density gradient centrifugation by processing 0.5 mL portions of patient samples through each treatment. In 5 min of operating time, the instrument recovers an average of 86% of all sperm and 82% of progressively motile sperm from the original sample while removing white blood cells, replacing the seminal plasma, and reducing the volume of the sample to the clinically required level. In 25 min of operating time, density gradient centrifugation recovers an average of 33% of all sperm and 41% of progressively motile sperm. The automated instrument could improve access to IUI as a treatment option by allowing satellite doctor's offices to offer intrauterine insemination as an option for patients without the clinical support required by existing methods.
Topics: Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Humans; Insemination, Artificial; Male; Semen; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 33288839
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78390-3 -
Animal : An International Journal of... Jun 2018Knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of the reproductive capacity of bulls is vital in maximizing reproductive efficiencies. Bull semen collection guidelines... (Review)
Review
Knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of the reproductive capacity of bulls is vital in maximizing reproductive efficiencies. Bull semen collection guidelines established by researchers and industry personnel to maximize the sperm harvest from bulls have been evolving for more than 60 years. Today, a mature artificial insemination industry employs those strategies to meet demands. These efficient management schemes exploit the reproductive potential of each sire while minimizing the associated risk of injury to bulls and reduce associated production costs. Personnel employed by a semen producing facility must be authorized to make effective and rational decisions based on principles of bull sexual behavior and reproductive physiology. Furthermore, collection facilities must be well planned to allow for the safe presentation of novel sexual situations while affording maximum safety for employees and proper footing for bulls. Normal bulls produce and ejaculate tremendous numbers of sperm. Most bulls have a sufficient libido for routine sexual activity, but become satiated to predictable stimulus situations. Frequent changes to the novelty should allow weekly harvest of four to six ejaculates per week for most bulls. Utilizing the physiological characteristics associated with each ejaculate to establish the collection frequency of each bull, and empowering an integrated collection and laboratory staff to monitor and make adjustments to the ejaculation frequency are necessary in maximizing the sperm harvest. Young bulls can ejaculate 10 to 20 billion sperm per week, and mature bulls should ejaculate 40 to 60 billion sperm per week. Semen collection management procedures should be reviewed when bulls do not meet production goals.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Insemination, Artificial; Male; Semen; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 29510767
DOI: 10.1017/S1751731118000472 -
Journal of Dairy Science Oct 2021The objective of this study was to characterize changes in milk yield and other physical measures during a 7-d periestrual period encompassing estrus (d 0) and during a...
The objective of this study was to characterize changes in milk yield and other physical measures during a 7-d periestrual period encompassing estrus (d 0) and during a 16-d period of expected return to estrus beginning at d 17 after artificial insemination (AI) until pregnancy status was determined on d 32. Lactating dairy cows milked thrice daily were fitted with CowManager SensOor ear tags (Agis) capable of assessing real-time eating, rumination, resting, high activity (estrus), ear-surface temperature, and heat alerts. Data were uploaded to the cloud, downloaded daily into Excel (Microsoft Corp.) spreadsheets, averaged to produce daily means for each activity, and analyzed as repeated measures relative to estrus or to d 17 after AI. Daily milk was unchanged during the periestrual period but was greater in nonpregnant cows that failed to return to estrus (NP-NR) during d 21 through 26 compared with NP cows that returned to estrus (NP-R) and pregnant (PREG) cows during that same period. Daily ear-surface temperature was greater during d 1 to 3 compared with d 0 and averaged 0.6 to 1.7°C greater from d 17 through 32 in NP-NR cows compared with NP-R and PREG cows. Daily rumination and resting times reached nadirs on d 0, with decreases occurring 48 h before estrus. Both rumination and resting times increased by 25 or 81% on the day after estrus, respectively. Rumination and resting times were less in NP-R cows during d 22 through 26 compared with NP-NR and PREG cows. In contrast, daily eating time was greatest on the day of estrus compared with 3 d before and after estrus. The NP-R cows spent more time eating during d 17 through 32 compared with NP-NR and PREG cows. High activity increased by 97% during 48 h before estrus, peaked at estrus, and decreased to a constant level during d 1 through 3. The NP-R cows had greater high activity on d 22 through 26 compared with NP-NR and PREG cows. We conclude that resting and rumination activity decreased to daily nadirs, whereas eating and high activity peaked on the day of estrus. Fertile estrus was associated with 12% greater high activity, 11% less resting time, and 6% less rumination time. In addition, cows that returned to estrus after AI had greater daily eating and high activity times and less rumination and resting time during the period of expected return to estrus after AI compared with pregnant cows and cows failing to return to estrus.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Estrus; Estrus Synchronization; Female; Insemination, Artificial; Lactation; Milk; Pregnancy; Progesterone
PubMed: 34275627
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20325 -
JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical... Aug 2023Intrauterine insemination is often performed as the first-line treatment option in many subfertility cases. Successful intrauterine insemination treatment among...
INTRODUCTION
Intrauterine insemination is often performed as the first-line treatment option in many subfertility cases. Successful intrauterine insemination treatment among indicated couples helps to reduce unnecessary in-vitro fertilisation treatment. Although widely practised, the data on pregnancy after intrauterine insemination treatment is limited. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of pregnancy among women undergoing intrauterine insemination in a centre.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a centre among women undergoing intrauterine insemination. Data from 15 May 2017 to 15 April 2021 were collected between 16 June 2022 to 1 July 2022 from the hospital records. Ethical approval was taken from the Nepal Health Research Council. Systematic sampling technique was applied to select the appropriate sample. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
RESULTS
Among 225 women undergoing intrauterine insemination, pregnancy was achieved in 23 (10.22%) (6.26-14.18, 95% Confidence Interval). The mean age of pregnant women was 29.17±3.34 years and the mean duration of infertility was 3.93±2.90 years. More than half of the pregnant women 13 (56.52%) had undergone insemination with the husband's semen whereas the remaining 10 women (43.48%) had undergone insemination with donor semen.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of pregnancy among women undergoing intrauterine insemination was similar to other studies done in similar settings.
KEYWORDS
artificial insemination; Nepal; pregnancy rate.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fertilization in Vitro; Insemination, Artificial; Infertility; Pregnancy Rate
PubMed: 38289818
DOI: 10.31729/jnma.8234 -
Poultry Science Jul 2019The ability to produce viable progeny is a complex trait, involving both male and female components. In poultry, mating ratios are usually 1 male to 6 to 12 females....
The ability to produce viable progeny is a complex trait, involving both male and female components. In poultry, mating ratios are usually 1 male to 6 to 12 females. Consequently, the impact of male reproductive failure is much greater than that for a female. In this study, the genetic determination of male reproductive performance, by natural mating and artificial insemination (AI), was evaluated. Semen quality was studied in 1,575 pre-selected (using a selection index of multiple egg production and quality traits) White Leghorn males of a single pure line from multiple generations. A subset of individuals with satisfactory semen quality (based on sperm count and motility) were further tested for subsequent fertility and hatchability. Genetic parameters for fertility (FER), hatch of fertile (HOF), hatch of set (HOS), sperm motility (SM), sperm count (SC), and fertility using AI (FER-AI) were estimated using single- and multi-trait animal models, with generation as fixed effect. Selected birds were genotyped using the 600K Affymetrix SNP chip. Genomic data were analyzed with the BayesB method. FER, HOS, and HOF were highly correlated, both genetically (0.82 to 0.99) and phenotypically (0.28 to 0.99), but genetic correlations with semen quality traits were not strong (0.05 to 0.43) and phenotypic correlations varied between generations (-0.13 to 0.14). Birds used for fertility and hatchability tests were pre-selected based on SM and SC, which could contribute to the lack of strong correlations between these traits (due to truncation of the distribution). Based on pedigree information, low to moderate heritabilities were estimated for reproductive traits (0.08 to 0.21). Markers explained a low proportion of phenotypic variance (0.04 to 0.15), probably due to stringent selection of genotyped individuals and the limited training set size. No genes with large effects were identified. Genomic estimated breeding values were more accurate than pedigree-based estimates but only for HOF and FERT-AI. Despite low estimates of accuracy in validation, genetic trends were positive for all analyzed traits. In conclusion, continued long-term selection can result in genetic improvement of reproductive performance of roosters.
Topics: Animals; Breeding; Chickens; Female; Fertility; Genotype; Insemination, Artificial; Male; Pedigree; Semen Analysis; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility
PubMed: 30820568
DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez077