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Frontiers in Microbiology 2020Filamentous fungi are important organisms in traditionally prepared amylase and alcohol-producing dry starters in India. We collected 40 diverse types of amylase and...
Filamentous fungi are important organisms in traditionally prepared amylase and alcohol-producing dry starters in India. We collected 40 diverse types of amylase and alcohol-producing starters from eight states in North East India viz. , , , , , , , and . The average fungal population was 4.9 × 10 cfu/g with an average of pH 5.3 and 10.7%, respectively. In the present study, 131 fungal isolates were isolated and characterized based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and were grouped into 44 representative fungal strains. Based on results of morphological characteristics and ITS gene sequencing, 44 fungal strains were grouped into three phyla represented by Ascomycota (48%), Mucoromycota (38%), and Basidiomycota (14%). Taxonomical keys to species level was illustrated on the basis of morphological characteristics and ITS gene sequencing, aligned to the fungal database of NCBI GenBank, which showed seven genera with 16 species represented by (20%), (11%), (11%), (11%), (7%), (7%), (5%), (5%), (5%) (5%), (2%), (2%), (2%), (2%), (2%), and (2%). The highest Shannon diversity index was recorded in of Sikkim (: 1.74) and the lowest in of Manipur (: 0.69). Fungal species present in these amylolytic starters are morphologically, ecologically and phylogenetically diverse and showed high diversity within the community.
PubMed: 32547501
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00905 -
Annals of Agricultural and... 2016The aim of this research was evaluation of microbial contamination of air within and in the vicinity of animal waste disposal plants.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this research was evaluation of microbial contamination of air within and in the vicinity of animal waste disposal plants.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Air samples were analyzed to determine total bacterial and fungal counts as well as microbial species composition. Measurements of climate conditions (temperature, humidity, air motion) and total dust concentration were also performed.
RESULTS
Total numbers of bacteria and fungi surpassed the threshold limit values for production halls. The most abundant bacteria detected were those consisting of physiological microflora of animal dermis and mucosa. Fungal species composition proved to be most differentiated in the air beyond the plant area. Aspergillus versicolor, a pathogenic and allergenic filamentous fungus, was isolated only inside the rendering plant processing hall.
CONCLUSIONS
The measurement results showed a low sanitary-hygienic state of air in the plant processing halls and substantial air pollution in its immediate vicinity.
Topics: Abattoirs; Air Microbiology; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Air Pollution, Indoor; Bacteria; Environmental Monitoring; Fungi
PubMed: 27007517
DOI: 10.5604/12321966.1196852 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Although intestinal microbiota play crucial roles in fish digestion and health, little is known about intestinal fungi in fish. This study investigated the intestinal...
Although intestinal microbiota play crucial roles in fish digestion and health, little is known about intestinal fungi in fish. This study investigated the intestinal fungal diversity of three coral reef fish (, , and ) from the South China Sea using a culturable method. A total of 387 isolates were recovered and identified by sequencing their internal transcribed spacer sequences, belonging to 29 known fungal species. The similarity of fungal communities in the intestines of the three fish verified that the fungal colonization might be influenced by their surrounding environments. Furthermore, the fungal communities in different intestines of some fish were significantly different, and the number of yeasts in the hindgut was less than that in fore- and mid-intestines, suggesting that the distribution of fungi in fishes' intestines may be related to the physiological functions of various intestinal segments. In addition, 51.4% of tested fungal isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity against at least one marine pathogenic microorganism. Notably, isolate SCAU243 exhibited strong antifungal activity against , and isolate SCAU255 displayed extensive antimicrobial activity against four marine pathogenic microorganisms. This study contributed to our understanding of intestinal fungi in coral reef fish and further increased the library of fungi available for natural bioactive product screening.
PubMed: 37367549
DOI: 10.3390/jof9060613 -
Indoor Air Sep 2017Most studies on molds focus on Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus fumigatus. Here, we report on inflammatory and allergenic properties of more typical indoor species...
Investigation of inflammatory and allergic responses to common mold species: Results from in vitro experiments, from a mouse model of asthma, and from a group of asthmatic patients.
Most studies on molds focus on Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus fumigatus. Here, we report on inflammatory and allergenic properties of more typical indoor species Aspergillus versicolor, P. chrysogenum, C. cladosporioïdes, and C. sphaerospermum that were compared to A. alternata and A. fumigatus. In a mouse model, after intranasal instillation, A. alternaria, A. versicolor, and C. sphaerospermum induced the early recruitment of neutrophils and the strong expression of inflammatory markers in the bronchoalveolar lavages fluids. A. fumigatus also induced the early accumulation of neutrophils but with lower levels of inflammatory markers. Chronic treatment induced variable response according to species: P. chrysogenum and A. fumigatus appeared strong pro-allergenic inducers compared to A. alternata and C. sphaerospermum while A. versicolor and C. cladosporioides induced a mixed pro-allergenic/pro-inflammatory response. In mold-sensitized asthmatics, mold-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) were detected with an in-house dot-blot assay. A. fumigatus and A. alternata were the most frequent sensitizers. Altogether, P. chrysogenum, P. brevicompactum, C. sphaerospermum, and C. cladosporïoides were the "major sensitizer" (defined as the strongest response against a single mold species) for almost 30% of the asthmatics. These results show that, not only A. alternata and A. fumigatus, but also indoor species have strong inflammatory and allergic properties and a harmful potency.
Topics: Air Microbiology; Air Pollution, Indoor; Alternaria; Animals; Aspergillus; Asthma; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cladosporium; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Inflammation; Lung; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Penicillium
PubMed: 28370571
DOI: 10.1111/ina.12385 -
Marine Drugs May 2018Asperversins A () and B (), two novel meroterpenoids featuring an uncommon 5/6/6/6 ring system, along with five new analogues (⁻) and a known compound asperdemin (),...
Asperversins A () and B (), two novel meroterpenoids featuring an uncommon 5/6/6/6 ring system, along with five new analogues (⁻) and a known compound asperdemin (), were obtained from the marine-derived fungus . Their structures and absolute configurations were confirmed by extensive spectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. All new compounds were tested for their acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) inhibitory activities and cytotoxic activities, of which compound displayed moderate inhibitory activity against the AChE with an IC value of 13.6 μM.
Topics: Aquatic Organisms; Aspergillus; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Circular Dichroism; Crystallography, X-Ray; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Molecular Structure; Spectrum Analysis; Terpenes
PubMed: 29882867
DOI: 10.3390/md16060177 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2016The aims of this work were to study the chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Pereskia aculeata and to evaluate some biological activities of...
The aims of this work were to study the chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Pereskia aculeata and to evaluate some biological activities of three leaf extracts. The phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and in vitro antimicrobial and antifungal activities were determined. The methanol extract showed antioxidant activity (EC50 7.09 mg/mL) and high polyphenols content (15.04 ± 0.31 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g). The petroleum ether extract exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, whereas the chloroform extract showed inhibitory activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The petroleum ether and methanol extracts were more effective in inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus versicolor. The possible cytotoxicity of extracts on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cancer cell line and the influence on adenylate cyclase (ADCY) expression was also studied. P. aculeata chloroform extract showed antiproliferative activity with an IC50 value of 262.83 µg/mL. Treatments of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with 100 µg/mL of methanol extract significantly reduced ADCY1 expression.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Cactaceae; Cell Line, Tumor; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Neurons; Oils, Volatile; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 27598154
DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091478 -
Genetics and Molecular Research : GMR Apr 2017Brunfelsia genus is traditionally utilized in popular medicine due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties to name but a few. However, studies on the...
Brunfelsia genus is traditionally utilized in popular medicine due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties to name but a few. However, studies on the antimicrobial activity of Brunfelsia uniflora flower oleoresin have not been found yet. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of B. uniflora flower oleoresin obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide. Oleoresin from the plant dried flowers was obtained by carbon dioxide, and the chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of this oleoresin for seven bacteria and eight fungi were determined using 96-well microtiter plates. The oleoresin MBC for Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 0.01 to 0.08 mg/mL, whereas the controls streptomycin and ampicillin varied from 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL. The oleoresin MFC for Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium funiculosum, Penicillium ochrochloron, Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium, and Trichoderma viride varied from 0.01 to 0.08 mg/mL, whereas the controls bifonazole and ketoconazole ranged from 0.2 to 3.5 mg/mL. The oleoresin obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide presented bacteriostatic, bactericidal, fungistatic, and fungicidal activities that were higher than the positive controls streptomycin, ampicillin, bifonazole, and ketoconazole. The high antimicrobial activity was related to the high content of (E, E)-geranyllinalool that composes 21.0% of the oleoresin and a possible synergic action with fatty acid esters that made up 50.5% of the oleoresin. The oleoresin antimicrobial activity against common multiresistant bacteria in severe infectious processes as P. aeruginosa or against toxin-producing fungi such as P. ochrochloron or fungi that are difficult to control such as T. viride suggests the development of promising applications of this product in the food, farming, livestock, and pharmaceutical industry.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Carbon Dioxide; Flowers; Plant Extracts; Solanaceae
PubMed: 28407186
DOI: 10.4238/gmr16029548 -
RSC Advances Sep 2018Further chemical examination of a coral-associated fungus LZD-14-1 by the PHLC-DAD detection resulted in the isolation of six new polycyclic alkaloids, namely...
Further chemical examination of a coral-associated fungus LZD-14-1 by the PHLC-DAD detection resulted in the isolation of six new polycyclic alkaloids, namely versiquinazolines L-Q (1-6). Their structures were determined by extensive analyses of spectroscopic data, including quantum ECD calculation and X-ray single crystal diffraction for the assignment of absolute configurations. Versiquinazoline L bearing a d-Ala residue and versiquinazoline M containing an l-serine residue are rarely found in the fumiquinazoline-type alkaloids, while versiquinazoline P displayed an unusual scaffold with a spiro-γ-lactone. Versiquinazolines P and Q exhibited significant inhibition against thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) with IC values of 13.6 ± 0.6 and 12.2 ± 0.7 μM, which showed higher activity than the positive control curcumin (IC = 25 μM). The weak cytotoxicity and potent inhibition toward TrxR suggested that versiquinazolines P and Q are potential for microenvironmental regulation of tumor progression and metastasis.
PubMed: 35548256
DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06854b -
Marine Life Science & Technology 2023Further insights on the secondary metabolites of a soft coral-derived fungus under the guidance of MS/MS-based molecular networking led to the isolation of seven known...
Targeted isolation of antitubercular cycloheptapeptides and an unusual pyrroloindoline-containing new analog, asperpyrroindotide A, using LC-MS/MS-based molecular networking.
UNLABELLED
Further insights on the secondary metabolites of a soft coral-derived fungus under the guidance of MS/MS-based molecular networking led to the isolation of seven known cycloheptapeptides, namely, asperversiamides A-C (-) and asperheptatides A-D (-) and an unusual pyrroloindoline-containing new cycloheptapeptide, asperpyrroindotide A (). The structure of was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, and its absolute configuration was determined by advanced Marfey's method. The semisynthetic transformation of into was successfully achieved and the reaction conditions were optimized. Additionally, a series of new derivatives (-) of asperversiamide A () was semi-synthesized and their anti-tubercular activities were evaluated against H37Ra. The preliminary structure-activity relationships revealed that the serine hydroxy groups and the tryptophan residue are important to the activity.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00157-8.
PubMed: 36713278
DOI: 10.1007/s42995-022-00157-8 -
Microorganisms Aug 2019Historical microbial collections often contain samples that have been deposited over extended time periods, during which accepted taxonomic classification (and also...
Historical microbial collections often contain samples that have been deposited over extended time periods, during which accepted taxonomic classification (and also available methods for taxonomic assignment) may have changed considerably. Deposited samples can, therefore, have historical taxonomic assignments (HTAs) that may now be in need of revision, and subdivisions of previously-accepted taxa may also be possible with the aid of current methodologies. One such methodology is matrix-assisted laser-desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Motivated by the high discriminating power of MALDI-TOF MS coupled with the speed and low cost of the method, we have investigated the use of MALDI-TOF MS for spectral grouping of past deposits made to the Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI) Genetic Resource Collection under the HTA , a common ascomycete fungus frequently associated with soil and plant material, food spoilage, and damp indoor environments. Despite their common HTA, the 40 deposits analyzed in this study fall into six clear spectral-linkage groups (containing nine, four, four, four, four, and two members, respectively), along with a group of ten spectrally-unique samples. This study demonstrates the clear resolving power of MALDI-TOF MS when applied to samples deposited in historical microbial collections.
PubMed: 31382517
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7080235