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Advances in Wound Care Jun 2020Sickle-cell leg ulcers (SCLUs) are a severe, chronic, and recurrent complication of sickle-cell disease (SCD). There are no official recommendations for treatment.... (Review)
Review
Sickle-cell leg ulcers (SCLUs) are a severe, chronic, and recurrent complication of sickle-cell disease (SCD). There are no official recommendations for treatment. Only a few studies with a high level of evidence have been conducted to evaluate treatment of SCLUs. However, several studies have been conducted with a high level of evidence to evaluate the efficacy of treatments in venous leg ulcers, and SCLUs could benefit from these treatments, especially when a venous incompetence or an edema is associated. Pathophysiology of SCLUs includes a vasculopathy related to chronic hemolysis and an endothelial dysfunction, which could be therapeutic approaches to SCLU treatment. Therapeutic approaches to SCLUs can target SCD on the one hand and skin healing and associated aggravating factors on the other. A review of the literature found only case series and six randomized controlled trials; some offered encouraging results, but most had serious biases. Clinical trials specifically targeting SCLUs are difficult to realize because of the small number of affected patients, in comparison with patients with leg ulcers from other causes. Treating SCLUs remains a challenge. Data in the literature are currently insufficient to offer clear treatment guidelines because of several biases in controlled studies. New studies are under way to assess the efficacy of topical treatments and describe the microbiome of SCLUs. Prevention of SCLU recurrence should be assessed in future clinical trials because the high risk of recurrence is an unsolved critical issue.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Astringents; Bandages; Child; Edema; Female; Humans; Leg Ulcer; Male; Microbiota; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Pain Management; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recurrence; Secondary Prevention; Varicose Ulcer; Venous Insufficiency; Wound Healing; Young Adult; Zinc Sulfate
PubMed: 32286203
DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0918 -
Aging and Disease Dec 2017represents one of the most important orchid genera, ornamentally and medicinally. are sympodial epiphytic plants, which is a name they are worthy of, the name coming... (Review)
Review
represents one of the most important orchid genera, ornamentally and medicinally. are sympodial epiphytic plants, which is a name they are worthy of, the name coming from Greek origin: "dendros", tree, and "bios", life. species have been used for a thousand years as first-rate herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). They are source of tonic, astringent, analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory substances, and have been traditionally used as medicinal herbs in the treatment of a variety of disorders, such as, nourishing the stomach, enhancing production of body fluids or nourishing Yin. The Chinese consider as one of the fifty fundamental herbs used to treat all kinds of ailments and use tonic for longevity. This review is focused on main research conducted during the last decade (2006-2016) on plants and their constituents, which have been subjected to investigations of their pharmacological effects involving anticancer, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective and immunomodulating activities, to report their undeniable potential for treating age-related pathologies.
PubMed: 29344419
DOI: 10.14336/AD.2017.0214 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023Tannin content and postharvest quality characteristics of persimmon fruit are often determined by the destructive analysis that consumes time, does not allow the...
INTRODUCTION
Tannin content and postharvest quality characteristics of persimmon fruit are often determined by the destructive analysis that consumes time, does not allow the acquisition of data from the same fruit continuously, and requires expensive high-performance equipment. This research was done to investigate the potential for non-destructive estimation of astringency and quality parameters in persimmon fruit based on visible/near-infrared (VNIR) spectra.
METHODS
VNIR spectra readings, the reference tannin content, and quality parameters were measured from fruits of "Cheongdo-Bansi" and "Daebong" persimmon cultivars at harvest and throughout the ripening/deastringency period. The spectra readings from half of the total fruit were utilized for the calibration set, while the other half readings were used for the prediction set. To develop models correlating the spectra data to the measured reference parameters data, the partial least square regression (PLSR) method was utilized.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the case of 'Daebong', the coefficients of determination (R) between VNIR spectra and the actual measured values of TSS, firmness, simple sugars, and tannin content were (0.95, 0.94, 0.96, and 0.96) and (0.93, 0.89, 0.96, and 0.93), for the calibration and prediction sets, respectively. Similarly, the R-values of (0.86, 0.93, 0.79, and 0.81) and (0.83, 0.91, 0.75, and 0.75) were recorded in 'Cheongdo-Bansi' for the calibration and prediction sets, respectively. Additionally, the acquired data were divided into two sets in a 3:1 ratio to develop predictive models and to validate the models in multiple regressions. PLSR models were developed in multiple regression to estimate the tannin content of both cultivars from firmness and simple sugars with R-values of 0.83 and 0.79 in 'Cheongdo-Bansi' for the calibration and prediction sets, respectively, whereas, R-values of 0.80 and 0.84 were recorded in 'Daebong' for the calibration and prediction sets, respectively. The overall findings of this study showed the possibility of using VNIR spectra for the prediction of postharvest quality and tannin contents from intact persimmon fruit with quick, chemical-free, and low-cost assessment methods. Also, the multiple regression using physicochemical parameters could fairly predict the tannin content in persimmon fruit though destructively but save time and low-cost.
PubMed: 38173924
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1260644 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023Despite the many advantages of pulses, they are characterised by off-flavours that limit their consumption. Off-notes, bitterness and astringency contribute to negative... (Review)
Review
Despite the many advantages of pulses, they are characterised by off-flavours that limit their consumption. Off-notes, bitterness and astringency contribute to negative perceptions of pulses. Several hypotheses have assumed that non-volatile compounds, including saponins, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids, are responsible for pulse bitterness and astringency. This review aims to provide an overview highlighting the non-volatile compounds identified in pulses and their bitter and/or astringent characteristics to suggest their potential involvement in pulse off-flavours. Sensorial analyses are mainly used to describe the bitterness and astringency of molecules. However, in vitro cellular assays have shown the activation of bitter taste receptors by many phenolic compounds, suggesting their potential involvement in pulse bitterness. A better knowledge of the non-volatile compounds involved in the off-flavours should enable the creation of efficient strategies to limit their impact on overall perception and increase consumer acceptability.
Topics: Taste; Astringents; Flavoring Agents; Phenols
PubMed: 37110532
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083298 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Nov 2021Botanical origin is one of the principal factors influencing the composition and quality of honey. This study aimed to evaluate different single-flower (assa-peixe,...
Botanical origin is one of the principal factors influencing the composition and quality of honey. This study aimed to evaluate different single-flower (assa-peixe, coffee, eucalyptus, laranjeira, and vassourinha), polyfloral (silvestre), extrafloral (sugarcane), and honeydew (bracatinga) honeys with regard to their chemical, physicochemical, and physical properties; rheological behavior; bioactive compounds; and antioxidant activity. In addition, we assessed their sensory characteristics using the acceptance test and the check-all-that-apply test (CATA). All honeys were compliant with current legislation and presented Newtonian behavior. The honeys of assa-peixe, laranjeira, and coffee presented the highest viscosity, sugarcane honey showed the highest antioxidant activity, and the bracatinga honey had the highest phenolic compound content. With respect to sensory characteristics, floral honeys presented higher acceptability than did honeydew and extrafloral honeys, because honey from honeydew was negatively influenced by its bitter, alcoholic, and astringent taste and extrafloral honey by its burnt smell. These findings indicate that the botanical origin directly influences the characteristics of honeys and can be considered a factor for their differentiation.
PubMed: 34538901
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04884-7 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Historically, mercury and mercury-containing preparations have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and applied in many clinical practices mainly in the form... (Review)
Review
Historically, mercury and mercury-containing preparations have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and applied in many clinical practices mainly in the form of mercury sulfides. The clinical application, toxicity manifestations, and symptoms of these preparations largely depend on the route of administration and the dosage form. Commonly used mercury-containing medicinal materials and preparations in traditional Chinese medicine include Cinnabar, an excellent medicine for tranquilizing the nerves; Hongsheng Dan and Baijiang Dan, which have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, promotion of tissue repair and regeneration and other pharmacological effects. Tibetan medicine commonly uses Zaotai and Qishiwei Zhenzhu pills, which have pharmacological effects such as sedation, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, and improvement of cerebral apoplexy. Menggen Wusu Shibawei pills, commonly used in Mongolian traditional medicine, have the muscle growth and astringent effects. In India and Europe, mercury is often used for treating syphilis. This article summarizes the history, clinical application, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of mercury and mercury-containing preparations in traditional medicines. In terms of clinical application, it provides suggestions for the rational use and safety of mercury-containing drugs in clinical practices and in public health issues. It will further provide a reference for formulation strategies related to mercury risk assessment and management.
PubMed: 35308204
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.807807 -
Breeding Science Jan 2016Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki) originated in Eastern Asia, and many indigenous cultivars have been developed in China, Japan, and Korea. These cultivars are... (Review)
Review
Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki) originated in Eastern Asia, and many indigenous cultivars have been developed in China, Japan, and Korea. These cultivars are classified into four groups based on their natural astringency loss on the tree and seed formation: pollination-constant non-astringent (PCNA), pollination-variant non-astringent (PVNA), pollination-constant astringent (PCA), and pollination-variant astringent (PVA). PCNA is the most desirable type because the fruit can be eaten without any postharvest treatment; therefore, one of the goals of our persimmon breeding programs is to release superior PCNA cultivars. The PCNA genotype is recessive to the other three non-PCNA genotypes, and PCNA-type F1 offspring are obtained exclusively from crosses among PCNA genotypes. Moreover, the number of superior PCNA cross-parents have been limited. In the late 1980s, inbreeding depression became obvious, especially in terms of fruit size, tree vigor, and productivity. To mitigate the inbreeding, a backcross program using PCNA [(non-PCNA × PCNA) × PCNA] was started in 1990. This process, however, was inefficient because only 15% of the offspring were PCNA, and all offspring had to be grown to the fruiting stage. Therefore, molecular markers linked to the PCNA locus were developed for discriminating PCNA offspring. A molecular marker linked to Chinese PCNA has also been developed.
PubMed: 27069391
DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.66.60 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2021Herein, we review the multifaceted roles of proline in cell biology. This peculiar cyclic imino acid is: A main precursor of extracellular collagens (the most abundant... (Review)
Review
Herein, we review the multifaceted roles of proline in cell biology. This peculiar cyclic imino acid is: A main precursor of extracellular collagens (the most abundant human proteins), antimicrobial peptides (involved in innate immunity), salivary proteins (astringency, teeth health) and cornifins (skin permeability); an energy source for pathogenic bacteria, protozoan parasites, and metastatic cancer cells, which engage in extracellular-protein degradation to invade their host; an antistress molecule (an osmolyte and chemical chaperone) helpful against various potential harms (UV radiation, drought/salinity, heavy metals, reactive oxygen species); a neural metabotoxin associated with schizophrenia; a modulator of cell signaling pathways such as the amino acid stress response and extracellular signal-related kinase pathway; an epigenetic modifier able to promote DNA and histone hypermethylation; an inducer of proliferation of stem and tumor cells; and a modulator of cell morphology and migration/invasiveness. We highlight how proline metabolism impacts beneficial tissue regeneration, but also contributes to the progression of devastating pathologies such as fibrosis and metastatic cancer.
PubMed: 34458276
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728576 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2021
Review
PubMed: 35095484
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751712 -
Journal of Traditional and... Mar 2021Flatulence as the continuous feeling of abdominal distension is equal to "Nafkh" in Iranian Traditional Medicine. Nafkh is believed to derive from the amount of stomach... (Review)
Review
Flatulence as the continuous feeling of abdominal distension is equal to "Nafkh" in Iranian Traditional Medicine. Nafkh is believed to derive from the amount of stomach temperature, humidity of food or abnormal humidity in digestive tract and their interactions. as cool and spicy plant with astringent and digestive property is recommended for treatment of flatulence. The information was extracted from accessible international databases, traditional books, electronic resources, and unpublished data. essential oil with main component of carvone has potency for treatment of flatulence related to indigestion, cesarean section and dysmenorrhea. Also, it can reduce the pain severity during the colonoscopy or dysmenorrheal conditions. No hazardous effects were reported for essential oil, if it is used in proper dosages. essential oil can be applied for other intestinal complaints with pain and flatulence such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) that needs more deep clinical trials for demonstrating its potential.
PubMed: 33728265
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.08.011