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Scientific Reports Oct 2017The post-exercise recovery period is associated with changes in autonomic modulation, which can promote an intercurrent-favorable environment. Caffeine has the ability... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The post-exercise recovery period is associated with changes in autonomic modulation, which can promote an intercurrent-favorable environment. Caffeine has the ability to release catecholamines, but its effects after exercises is little explored. The present study aims to evaluate the acute effects of caffeine on the autonomic control and cardiorespiratory parameters after moderate intensity aerobic exercise. 32 young males (23,59 ± 3,45 years) were submitted to two protocols: Placebo and Caffeine, consisting of 15 minutes of rest, 30 minutes of exercise on a treadmill to 60% on VO2peak, followed by 60 minutes of recovery. Heart rate variability indices and cardiorespiratory parameters were determined at different times during the protocols. The RMSSD and SD1 indices recovered faster in placebo (p < 0.05). The systolic blood pressure differences were found from the 1st to the 5th minute of recovery with the caffeine protocol and from the 1st and 3rd minute with the placebo, whereas, for diastolic blood pressure, significant differences (p < 0.0001) were observed only for the caffeine protocol at the 1st and 3rd minutes of recovery. Caffeine was shown to be capable of delaying parasympathetic recovery but did not influence the behavior of the respiratory rate, oxygen saturation or frequency-domain HRV indices.
Topics: Adult; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cross-Over Studies; Exercise; Exercise Test; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Respiration; Single-Blind Method; Young Adult
PubMed: 29075019
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14540-4 -
Journal of Internal Medicine Dec 2021
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Humans; Intestine, Small
PubMed: 34255391
DOI: 10.1111/joim.13360 -
Clinical Autonomic Research : Official... Aug 2017The most important autonomic function test-the autonomic medical history-is the patient's account, interpreted by a clinician skilled in asking the right questions, of... (Review)
Review
The most important autonomic function test-the autonomic medical history-is the patient's account, interpreted by a clinician skilled in asking the right questions, of symptoms during daily activities that relate to the autonomic nervous system. The chronology and pattern of these symptoms combine to create a portrait of autonomic function or dysfunction. We summarize the steps in obtaining a comprehensive autonomic medical history.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Humans; Medical History Taking; Patients
PubMed: 28551871
DOI: 10.1007/s10286-017-0425-7 -
Kardiologia Polska Nov 2019Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a cardinal sign of cardiovascular (CV) autonomic dysfunction as a result of autonomic nervous system failure to control the postural... (Review)
Review
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a cardinal sign of cardiovascular (CV) autonomic dysfunction as a result of autonomic nervous system failure to control the postural hemodynamic homeostasis. The proportion of individuals with OH increases with aging and chronic conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, renal dysfunction, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. In individuals over 70 years of age, more than 20% can be affected. It is now increasingly recognized that there is a direct relationship between OH and each step of the CV disease continuum, eventually leading to end‑stage heart disease and CV death. In particular, prevalent OH is associated with cardiac functional and structural remodeling, left ventricular hypertrophy, elevated levels of circulating markers of inflammation, increased intima‑media thickness, subclinical atherosclerosis, and thrombosis. Beyond subclinical changes, the presence of OH independently predicts coronary events, stroke, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and CV mortality. Furthermore, OH is associated with syncope, falls, and fragility fractures, presenting hurdles to be overcome in the delivery of the best management of CV risk factors. Taken together, OH heralds disruption of global circulatory homeostasis and flags overt autonomic dysfunction. The presence of OH is also an independent risk factor for mortality and CV disease; however, until now, the importance of this highly prevalent disorder has been given insufficient attention by clinicians and other healthcare providers. Consequently, more studies are needed to find effective treatment for this troublesome condition and to identify preventive measures that could reduce the burden of CV risk in OH and autonomic dysfunction.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hypotension, Orthostatic
PubMed: 31713533
DOI: 10.33963/KP.15055 -
Blood Reviews Mar 2021The autonomic nervous system (ANS), which consists of antagonistic sympathetic (adrenergic) and parasympathetic (cholinergic) arms, has emerged as an important regulator... (Review)
Review
The autonomic nervous system (ANS), which consists of antagonistic sympathetic (adrenergic) and parasympathetic (cholinergic) arms, has emerged as an important regulator of neoplastic development, yet little is known about its role in multiple myeloma (MM). Clinical findings that anti-adrenergic β-blocker intake reduces risk of disease-specific death and overall mortality in patients with MM have indicated that adrenergic input may worsen myeloma outcome. However, preclinical studies using β-adrenergic receptor agonists or antagonists produced controversial results as to whether sympathetic pathways promote or inhibit myeloma. Retrospective outcome data demonstrating that high message levels of cholinergic receptor genes predict inferior survival in the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation CoMMpass trial suggest that parasympathetic input may drive myeloma progression in a subset of patients. Here we review the ill-defined role of the ANS in MM, put myeloma in the context of other cancers, and discuss knowledge gaps that may afford exciting research opportunities going forward.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone and Bones; Disease Management; Disease Progression; Disease Susceptibility; Drug Synergism; Humans; Multiple Myeloma; Prognosis; Signal Transduction; Stem Cell Niche; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32807576
DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100741 -
Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback Dec 2022Heart rate variabfility (HRV) has been a focal point throughout my academic history. To put into perspective, I have published studies spanning seven decades focusing on... (Review)
Review
Heart rate variabfility (HRV) has been a focal point throughout my academic history. To put into perspective, I have published studies spanning seven decades focusing on HRV (1969-2022). My interest in HRV started early in graduate school and continues to be an important portal informing my theoretical perspective. The current paper tracks some of this history, which started as an empirical observation and moved through several scientific stages including development of quantitative methods and investigations of neural mechanisms. Along this journey a variety of hypotheses were tested including the relative sensitivity of HRV metrics to neural mechanisms, psychological processes, and medical diagnoses. In addition, the research led to the identification of portal of intervention that have become strategies to optimize mental and physical health. These apparent disparate programs of inquiry have been tightly merged as the Polyvagal Theory evolved. In the sections below, I have shared my personal journey through these stages of scientific inquiry and my attempts to integrate the new knowledge in an expansive theoretical model.
Topics: Humans; Heart Rate; Autonomic Nervous System; Vagus Nerve
PubMed: 36136145
DOI: 10.1007/s10484-022-09559-x -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Feb 2024Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by dysphagia and noncardiac chest pain. Impairment of vagal function has been reported in achalasia. This...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by dysphagia and noncardiac chest pain. Impairment of vagal function has been reported in achalasia. This study evaluated autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunctions in patients with achalasia to establish a correlation between an ANS dysfunction and the clinical symptoms of achalasia.
METHODS
Nineteen patients with achalasia (six males/13 females; mean age, 47.1±16.3 years) and 10 healthy controls (four males/six females; 34.8±10.7 years) were enrolled prospectively at Gangnam Severance Hospital between June 2013 and June 2014. All patients completed a questionnaire on ANS dysfunction symptoms and underwent a heart rate variability (HRV) test.
RESULTS
ANS dysfunction symptoms were present in 13 patients with achalasia (69%) and three controls (30%). The ANS dysfunction score was significantly higher in patients with achalasia than in the controls (p=0.035). There were no significant differences in the standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals, high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), and LF/HF ratio in the HRV test. In subgroup analysis comparing female achalasia patients with controls, the cardiac activity was significantly higher in the female achalasia patients than in the controls (p=0.036). The cardiac activity (p=0.004) and endurance to stress (p=0.004) were significantly higher in the achalasia patients with ANS dysfunction symptoms than the achalasia patients without ANS dysfunction symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
ANS dysfunction symptoms are common in patients with achalasia. Female achalasia patients and those with ANS dysfunction symptoms showed increased cardiac activity. Hence, more attention should be paid to cardiac overload in achalasia patients who are female or have ANS dysfunction symptoms.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Autonomic Nervous System; Esophageal Achalasia; Heart; Heart Rate
PubMed: 38389461
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2023.144 -
Neuroscience Bulletin Feb 2019The autonomic nervous system controls various internal organs and executes crucial functions through sophisticated neural connectivity and circuits. Its dysfunction... (Review)
Review
The autonomic nervous system controls various internal organs and executes crucial functions through sophisticated neural connectivity and circuits. Its dysfunction causes an imbalance of homeostasis and numerous human disorders. In the past decades, great efforts have been made to study the structure and functions of this system, but so far, our understanding of the classification of autonomic neuronal subpopulations remains limited and a precise map of their connectivity has not been achieved. One of the major challenges that hinder rapid progress in these areas is the complexity and heterogeneity of autonomic neurons. To facilitate the identification of neuronal subgroups in the autonomic nervous system, here we review the well-established and cutting-edge technologies that are frequently used in peripheral neuronal tracing and profiling, and discuss their operating mechanisms, advantages, and targeted applications.
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Homeostasis; Humans; Nervous System; Neurons
PubMed: 30171526
DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0284-9 -
Diabetologia Oct 2020Increasing evidence suggests that, although pancreatic islets can function autonomously to detect and respond to changes in the circulating glucose level, the brain... (Review)
Review
Increasing evidence suggests that, although pancreatic islets can function autonomously to detect and respond to changes in the circulating glucose level, the brain cooperates with the islet to maintain glycaemic control. Here, we review the role of the central and autonomic nervous systems in the control of the endocrine pancreas, including mechanisms whereby the brain senses circulating blood glucose levels. We also examine whether dysfunction in these systems might contribute to complications of type 1 diabetes and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Graphical abstract.
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Glucose; Central Nervous System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Sensory Receptor Cells
PubMed: 32894319
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05204-6 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Jul 2020In the central nervous system (CNS), nuclei of the brain stem play a critical role in the integration of peripheral sensory information and the regulation of autonomic... (Review)
Review
In the central nervous system (CNS), nuclei of the brain stem play a critical role in the integration of peripheral sensory information and the regulation of autonomic output in mammalian physiology. The nucleus tractus solitarius of the brain stem acts as a relay center that receives peripheral sensory input from vagal afferents of the nodose ganglia, integrates information from within the brain stem and higher central centers, and then transmits autonomic efferent output through downstream premotor nuclei, such as the nucleus ambiguus, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and the rostral ventral lateral medulla. Although there is mounting evidence that sex and sex hormones modulate autonomic physiology at the level of the CNS, the mechanisms and neurocircuitry involved in producing these functional consequences are poorly understood. Of particular interest in this review is the role of estrogen, progesterone, and 5α-reductase-dependent neurosteroid metabolites of progesterone (e.g., allopregnanolone) in the modulation of neurotransmission within brain-stem autonomic neurocircuits. This review will discuss our understanding of the actions and mechanisms of estrogen, progesterone, and neurosteroids at the cellular level of brain-stem nuclei. Understanding the complex interaction between sex hormones and neural signaling plasticity of the autonomic nervous system is essential to elucidating the role of sex in overall physiology and disease.
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Brain Stem; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Male; Nerve Net; Neuronal Plasticity
PubMed: 32493037
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00357.2019