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Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in... Sep 2018Bones provide both skeletal scaffolding and space for hematopoiesis in its marrow. Previous work has shown that these functions were tightly regulated by the nervous... (Review)
Review
Bones provide both skeletal scaffolding and space for hematopoiesis in its marrow. Previous work has shown that these functions were tightly regulated by the nervous system. The central and peripheral nervous systems tightly regulate compact bone remodeling, its metabolism, and hematopoietic homeostasis in the bone marrow (BM). Accumulating evidence indicates that the nervous system, which fine-tunes inflammatory responses and alterations in neural functions, may regulate autoimmune diseases. Neural signals also influence the progression of hematological malignancies such as acute and chronic myeloid leukemias. Here, we review the interplay of the nervous system with bone, BM, and immunity, and discuss future challenges to target hematological diseases through modulation of activity of the nervous system.
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Bone Marrow; Bone Remodeling; Bone and Bones; Hematologic Neoplasms; Hematopoiesis; Homeostasis; Humans
PubMed: 29500307
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031344 -
Seminars in Neurology Oct 2020Investigations of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate the development of the autonomic nervous system have identified critical genes and signaling... (Review)
Review
Investigations of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate the development of the autonomic nervous system have identified critical genes and signaling pathways that, when disrupted, cause disorders of the autonomic nervous system. This review summarizes our current understanding of how the autonomic nervous system emerges from the organized spatial and temporal patterning of precursor cell migration, proliferation, communication, and differentiation, and discusses potential clinical implications for developmental disorders of the autonomic nervous system, including familial dysautonomia, Hirschsprung disease, Rett syndrome, and congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Dysautonomia, Familial; Hirschsprung Disease; Humans; Hypoventilation; Rett Syndrome; Sleep Apnea, Central
PubMed: 32927484
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713926 -
Current Neuropharmacology 2016The autonomic nervous system is one of the major neural pathways activated by stress. In situations that are often associated with chronic stress, such as major... (Review)
Review
The autonomic nervous system is one of the major neural pathways activated by stress. In situations that are often associated with chronic stress, such as major depressive disorder, the sympathetic nervous system can be continuously activated without the normal counteraction of the parasympathetic nervous system. As a result, the immune system can be activated with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. These inflammatory conditions have been repeatedly observed in depression. In the search for the mechanism by which the immune system might contribute to depression, the enhanced activity of indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase by pro-inflammatory cytokines has been suggested to play an important role. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is the first enzyme in the kynurenine pathway that converts tryptophan to kynurenine. Elevated activity of this enzyme can cause imbalances in downstream kynurenine metabolites. This imbalance can induce neurotoxic changes in the brain and create a vulnerable glial-neuronal network, which may render the brain susceptible to depression. This review focuses on the interaction between stress, the autonomic nervous system and the immune system which can cause imbalances in the kynurenine pathway, which may ultimately lead to major depressive disorder.
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Kynurenine; Stress, Psychological; Tryptophan
PubMed: 27640517
DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666151208113006 -
Current Cardiology Reports Mar 2019This review aims to describe the latest advances in autonomic neuromodulation approaches to treating cardiac arrhythmias, with a focus on ventricular arrhythmias. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review aims to describe the latest advances in autonomic neuromodulation approaches to treating cardiac arrhythmias, with a focus on ventricular arrhythmias.
RECENT FINDINGS
The increasing understanding of neuronal remodeling in cardiac diseases has led to the development and improvement of novel neuromodulation therapies targeting multiple levels of the autonomic nervous system. Thoracic epidural anesthesia, spinal cord stimulation, stellate ganglion modulatory therapies, vagal stimulation, renal denervation, and interventions on the intracardiac nervous system have all been studied in preclinical models, with encouraging preliminary clinical data. The autonomic nervous system regulates all the electrical processes of the heart and plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cardiac arrhythmias. Despite recent advances in the clinical application of cardiac neuromodulation, our comprehension of the anatomy and function of the cardiac autonomic nervous system is still limited. Hopefully in the near future, more preclinical data combined with larger clinical trials will lead to further improvements in neuromodulatory treatment for heart rhythm disorders.
Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Autonomic Denervation; Autonomic Nervous System; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Kidney
PubMed: 30887264
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-019-1120-1 -
Developmental Psychobiology Dec 2022The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of skin conductance level reactivity (SCLR) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity (RSAR) in preschoolers'...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of skin conductance level reactivity (SCLR) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity (RSAR) in preschoolers' social dominance, as well as potential gender differences in these associations. Reactivity was assessed in response to viewing videos of social exclusion and a post-aggression discussion. In a community sample of 94 preschool children followed over one calendar year, reactivity to the post-aggression discussion, but not exclusion, video was related to social dominance. Specifically, increased RSAR to the post-aggression discussion video was positively associated with concurrent social dominance for both boys and girls. Longitudinally, for boys only, coactivation (i.e., increases in SCLR accompanied by increases in RSAR) to the post-aggression discussion video, which may reflect dysregulated, emotionally labile reactions to stress, was associated with relatively low levels of social dominance across the course of the year. Overall, findings contribute to a growing literature documenting the role of autonomic reactivity in preschoolers' social adjustment and extend this work to their capacity to achieve and maintain socially dominant positions with peers.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Galvanic Skin Response; Autonomic Nervous System; Social Dominance; Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia; Aggression
PubMed: 36426790
DOI: 10.1002/dev.22336 -
Neuroscience Bulletin Feb 2019
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Diabetic Neuropathies; Humans
PubMed: 30659525
DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00337-0 -
The Journal of Physiology Jul 2016
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart; Humans
PubMed: 27417670
DOI: 10.1113/JP272580 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2019The physiological role and relevance of the mechanisms sustaining circadian rhythms have been acknowledged. Abnormalities of the circadian and/or sleep-wakefulness... (Review)
Review
The physiological role and relevance of the mechanisms sustaining circadian rhythms have been acknowledged. Abnormalities of the circadian and/or sleep-wakefulness cycles can result in major metabolic disorders or behavioral/professional inadequacies and stand as independent risk factors for metabolic, psychiatric, and cerebrovascular disorders and early markers of disease. Neuroimaging and clinical evidence have documented functional interactions between autonomic (ANS) and CNS structures that are described by a concept model (Central Autonomic Network) based on the brain-heart two-way interplay. The circadian rhythms of autonomic function, ANS-mediated processes, and ANS/CNS interaction appear to be sources of variability adding to a variety of environmental factors, and may become crucial when considering the ANS major role in internal environment constancy and adaptation that are fundamental to homeostasis. The CNS/ANS interaction has not yet obtained full attention and systematic investigation remains overdue.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Biomarkers; Brain; Circadian Rhythm; Heart; Heart Rate; Humans
PubMed: 31269700
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132336 -
Clinical Cardiology Jun 2019The cardiac autonomic nerve system (CANS) is a potentially potent modulator of the initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation (AF). In this review, we focus on... (Review)
Review
The cardiac autonomic nerve system (CANS) is a potentially potent modulator of the initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation (AF). In this review, we focus on the relationship between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the pathophysiology of AF and the potential benefit and limitations of neuromodulation in the management of this arrhythmia from eight aspects. We conclude that Activation and Remodeling of CANS involved in the initiation and maintenance of AF. The network control mechanism, innervation regions, and sympathetic/parasympathetic balance play an important role in AF substrate. And the formation of Complex Fractional Atrial Electrograms also related to CANS activity. In addition, modulating CANS function by potential therapeutic applications include ganglionated plexus ablation, renal sympathetic denervation, and low-level vagal nerve stimulation, may enable AF to be controlled. Although the role of the ANS has long been recognized, a better understanding of the complex interrelationships of the various components of the CANS will lead to improvement of treatments for this common arrhythmia.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Autonomic Nervous System; Catheter Ablation; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; Heart Atria; Heart Conduction System; Humans
PubMed: 31038759
DOI: 10.1002/clc.23190 -
Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics Mar 2021Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly diagnosed arrhythmia and eludes an efficacious cure despite an increasing prevalence and a significant association with... (Review)
Review
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly diagnosed arrhythmia and eludes an efficacious cure despite an increasing prevalence and a significant association with morbidity and mortality. In addition to an array of clinical sequelae, the origins and propagation of AF are multifactorial. In recent years, the contribution from the autonomic nervous system has been an area of particular interest. This review highlights the relevant physiology of autonomic and neurohormonal contributions to AF origin and maintenance, the current state of the literature on targeted therapies, and the path forward for clinical interventions.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Autonomic Nervous System; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Renin-Angiotensin System; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation
PubMed: 33516396
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2020.11.012