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Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases... Jan 2015Epidemiological studies worldwide have reported a high prevalence and a great diversity of Bartonella species, both in rodents and their flea parasites. The interaction... (Review)
Review
Epidemiological studies worldwide have reported a high prevalence and a great diversity of Bartonella species, both in rodents and their flea parasites. The interaction among Bartonella, wild rodents, and fleas reflects a high degree of adaptation among these organisms. Vertical and horizontal efficient Bartonella transmission pathways within flea communities and from fleas to rodents have been documented in competence studies, suggesting that fleas are key players in the transmission of Bartonella to rodents. Exploration of the ecological traits of rodents and their fleas may shed light on the mechanisms used by bartonellae to become established in these organisms. The present review explores the interrelations within the Bartonella-rodent-flea system. The role of the latter two components is emphasized.
Topics: Animals; Bartonella; Bartonella Infections; Disease Vectors; Ecological and Environmental Phenomena; Flea Infestations; Rodent Diseases; Rodentia; Siphonaptera; Zoonoses
PubMed: 25629778
DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1606 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2018Bartonellosis is an infectious disease caused by species that are distributed worldwide with animal and public health impact varying according to species, infection... (Review)
Review
Bartonellosis is an infectious disease caused by species that are distributed worldwide with animal and public health impact varying according to species, infection phase, immunological characteristics, and geographical region. is widely present in various mammals including cats, rodents, ruminants, and humans. At least 13 species or subspecies are zoonotic. Each species has few reservoir animals in which it is often asymptomatic. infection may lead to various clinical symptoms in humans. As described in the -rat model, when was seeded into the blood stream, they could escape immunity, adhered to and invaded host erythrocytes. They then replicated and persisted in the infected erythrocytes for several weeks. This review summarizes the current knowledge of how prevent phagocytosis and complement activation, what pathogenesis factors are involved in erythrocyte adhesion and invasion, and how could replicate and persist in mammalian erythrocytes. Current advances in research will help us to decipher molecular mechanisms of interactions between and mammalian erythrocytes and may help in the development of biological strategies for the prevention and control of bartonellosis.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Bartonella; Bartonella Infections; Cats; Endocytosis; Erythrocytes; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immune Evasion; Rats
PubMed: 30619777
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00431 -
Revue Medicale de Liege Jul 2020We present three clinical cases to show the diversity of clinical presentations of Bartonella henselae infection, from classical adenopathy to disseminated form. It is...
We present three clinical cases to show the diversity of clinical presentations of Bartonella henselae infection, from classical adenopathy to disseminated form. It is an infection that leads to diagnostic wandering, due to a lack of explicit history and the variety of clinical manifestations. Antibiotic therapy is rarely necessary because it has a spontaneously favourable evolution in the majority of cases.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bartonella henselae; Cat-Scratch Disease; Humans
PubMed: 32779899
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jul 2017Since the reclassification of the genus in 1993, the number of species has grown from 1 to 45 currently designated members. Likewise, the association of different... (Review)
Review
Since the reclassification of the genus in 1993, the number of species has grown from 1 to 45 currently designated members. Likewise, the association of different species with human disease continues to grow, as does the range of clinical presentations associated with these bacteria. Among these, blood-culture-negative endocarditis stands out as a common, often undiagnosed, clinical presentation of infection with several different species. The limitations of laboratory tests resulting in this underdiagnosis of endocarditis are discussed. The varied clinical picture of infection and a review of clinical aspects of endocarditis caused by are presented. We also summarize the current knowledge of the molecular basis of pathogenesis, focusing on surface adhesins in the two species that most commonly cause endocarditis, and . We discuss evidence that surface adhesins are important factors for autoaggregation and biofilm formation by species. Finally, we propose that biofilm formation is a critical step in the formation of vegetative masses during -mediated endocarditis and represents a potential reservoir for persistence by these bacteria.
Topics: Bartonella; Bartonella Infections; Endocarditis; Humans
PubMed: 28490579
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00013-17 -
Journal of Vector Ecology : Journal of... Dec 2020Because isolated ecosystems contribute to species variability, especially oceanic island ecosystems, the present work focused on the study of the Bartonella species and...
Because isolated ecosystems contribute to species variability, especially oceanic island ecosystems, the present work focused on the study of the Bartonella species and haplotypes in Lanzarote and El Hierro, two Canary islands with evident bioclimatic differences between them. A total of 123 rodents and 110 fleas from two islands were screened for the presence of Bartonella by PCR analysis of the gltA and nuoG genes. The overall prevalence was 5.7% in rodents and 20.4% in fleas. A total of seven gltA-haplotypes was found in both rodents and fleas, belonging to the species Bartonella mastomydis and Bartonella tribocorum in Lanzarote, and to Bartonella rochalimae and Bartonella elizabethae in El Hierro, as well as recently described species Bartonella kosoyi in both islands. Besides, potential co-infections were detected based on the nuoG analysis. Further, Xenopsylla cheopis was the only flea species identified. Our study shows that isolated ecosystems such as the Canary Islands lead to the appearance of new Bartonella haplotypes along different biotopes, with diverse flea species involved in the spreading of the pathogen being of great relevance due to the zoonotic potential of the species found.
Topics: Animals; Bartonella; Haplotypes; Insect Vectors; Mice; Phylogeny; Rats; Spain; Xenopsylla
PubMed: 33207054
DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12396 -
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases Jul 2022Bartonella species are facultative intracellular bacteria and recognized worldwide as emerging zoonotic pathogens. Bartonella were isolated or identified by polymerase...
Bartonella species are facultative intracellular bacteria and recognized worldwide as emerging zoonotic pathogens. Bartonella were isolated or identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in bats and their ectoparasites worldwide, whereas the association between them was scarce, especially in Asia. In this study, a retrospective analysis with frozen samples was carried out to identify the genetic diversity of Bartonella in bats and their ectoparasites and to investigate the relationships of Bartonella carried by bats and their ectoparasites. Bats and their ectoparasites (bat flies and bat mites) were collected from caves in Hubei Province, Central China, from May 2018 to July 2020. Bartonella were screened by PCR amplification and sequencing of three genes (gltA, rpoB, and ftsZ). Bats, bat flies, and bat mites carried diverse novel Bartonella genotypes with a high prevalence. The sharing of some Bartonella genotypes between bats and bat flies or bat mites indicated a potential role of bat flies and bat mites as vectors of bartonellae, while the higher genetic diversity of Bartonella in bat flies than that in bats might be due to the vertical transmission of this bacterium in bat flies. Therefore, bat flies might also act as reservoirs of Bartonella. In addition, human-pathogenic B. mayotimonesis was identified in both bats and their ectoparasites, which expanded our knowledge on the geographic distribution of this bacterium and suggested a potential bat origin with bat flies and bat mites playing important roles in the maintenance and transmission of Bartonella.
Topics: Animals; Bartonella; Bartonella Infections; Chiroptera; Diptera; Genotype; Humans; Phylogeny; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34695291
DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14357 -
Annals of Parasitology 2018Bartonellosis is a disease caused by Bartonella spp. microorganisms which belong to the Rickettsiales order. This disease is a zoonosis, B. henselae, whose primary... (Review)
Review
Bartonellosis is a disease caused by Bartonella spp. microorganisms which belong to the Rickettsiales order. This disease is a zoonosis, B. henselae, whose primary reservoir is the cat, which in humans causes a cat-scratch disease. In infected cats, symptoms such as fever, lymphedema, reproduction disorders, myocarditis, rhinotracheitis, gingivitis, and arthritis may be observed. Bartonella appears to be transmitted among cats and dogs in vivo exclusively by arthropod vectors (excepting perinatal transmission), not by biting or scratching. In the absence of these vectors, the disease does not spread. On the other hand, the disease can be spread to humans by bites and scratches, and it is highly likely that it is spread by arthropod vectors as well. This review presents a potential role of ticks and fleas in the transmission of bartonellosis. Clinicians should be aware that a common illness, such as infection with Bartonella, can be transmitted by arthropod vectors, and that a history of animal scratches or bites is not necessary for disease transmission.
Topics: Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Bartonella Infections; Cat Diseases; Cats; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
PubMed: 30720968
DOI: 10.17420/ap6404.165 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jan 2018Carrion's disease (CD) is a neglected biphasic vector-borne illness related to . It is found in the Andean valleys and is transmitted mainly by members of the genus but... (Review)
Review
Carrion's disease (CD) is a neglected biphasic vector-borne illness related to . It is found in the Andean valleys and is transmitted mainly by members of the genus but also by blood transfusions and from mother to child. The acute phase, Oroya fever, presents severe anemia and fever. The lethality is high in the absence of adequate treatment, despite the organism being susceptible to most antibiotics. Partial immunity is developed after infection by , resulting in high numbers of asymptomatic carriers. Following infection there is the chronic phase, Peruvian warts, involving abnormal proliferation of the endothelial cells. Despite potentially being eradicable, CD has been expanded due to human migration and geographical expansion of the vector. Moreover, studies have demonstrated the risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance. These findings, together with the description of new species producing CD-like infections, the presence of undescribed potential vectors in new areas, the lack of adequate diagnostic tools and knowledge of the immunology and bacterial pathogenesis of CD, and poor international visibility, have led to the risk of increasing the potential expansion of resistant strains which will challenge current treatment schemes as well as the possible appearance of CD in areas where it is not endemic.
Topics: Animal Distribution; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bartonella; Bartonella Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Insect Vectors; Psychodidae
PubMed: 29187394
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00056-17 -
Zoonoses and Public Health Jun 2021Bartonellae are emerging vector-borne pathogens infecting humans, domestic mammals and wildlife. Ninety-seven red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 8 European badgers (Meles...
Bartonellae are emerging vector-borne pathogens infecting humans, domestic mammals and wildlife. Ninety-seven red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 8 European badgers (Meles meles), 6 Eurasian wolves (Canis lupus), 6 European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus), 3 beech martens (Martes foina) and 2 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from Italian Nature Conservatory Parks were investigated for Bartonella infection. Several Bartonella species (9.84%; 95% CI: 4.55-15.12), including zoonotic ones, were molecularly detected among wolves (83.3%; 95% CI: 51-100.00), foxes (4.12%; 95% CI: 0.17-8.08), hedgehogs (33.33%; 95% CI: 0.00-71.05) and a roe deer. Bartonella rochalimae was the most common Bartonella species (i.e. in 4 foxes and 2 wolves) detected. Candidatus B. merieuxii and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii were identified for the first time in wolves. Furthermore, Bartonella schoenbuchensis was identified in a roe deer and a new clone with phylogenetic proximity to B. clarridgeiae was detected in European hedgehogs. Zoonotic and other Bartonella species were significantly more frequent in Eurasian wolves (p < .0001), than in other free-ranging wild mammals, representing a potential reservoir for infection in humans and domestic animals.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Bartonella; Bartonella Infections; Italy; Mammals; Phylogeny; Wolves; Zoonoses
PubMed: 33779044
DOI: 10.1111/zph.12827 -
Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases... Jun 2021Recently, infections with emerging zoonotic bacteria of the genus have been reported in association with a range of central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. Currently, it...
Recently, infections with emerging zoonotic bacteria of the genus have been reported in association with a range of central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. Currently, it remains unknown if spp. infection is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (SCZ/SAD). The objective of this study was to determine if there is an association between species infection and SCZ/SAD. A secondary objective was to determine if SCZ/SAD symptoms were more severe among participants with documented spp. infection. Using a case-control study design, 17 cases and 13 controls were evaluated with a series of clinical and cognitive assessments. Blood samples were collected and tested for spp. infection using serological, microbiological, and molecular techniques. People with SCZ/SAD were more likely than healthy volunteers to have spp. DNA in their bloodstream, with 11 of 17 cases (65%) positive by spp. droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). In comparison, only one healthy volunteer was spp. ddPCR positive (8%, = 0.0024). Based on serology, spp. exposure was common among people with SCZ/SAD (12 of 17) as well as among healthy volunteers (12 of 13), with no significant difference between the groups ( = 0.196). Within the case group of people with SCZ/SAD, there was no significant difference in SCZ/SAD severity scores between people with and without ddPCR evidence of spp. infection. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence in support of future investigations that should examine a potential contribution of spp. infection to SCZ/SAD.
Topics: Animals; Bartonella; Bartonella Infections; Case-Control Studies; Pilot Projects; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 33728987
DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2729