-
Journal of Microbiology and... Aug 2020NK33 (NK33) and NK98 (NK98) alleviate immobilization stress-induced depression. To understand the gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms of NK33 and NK98 against...
NK33 (NK33) and NK98 (NK98) alleviate immobilization stress-induced depression. To understand the gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms of NK33 and NK98 against depression, we examined their effects on K1 (K1)-induced depression and gut dysbiosis in mice. NK33, NK98, and their mixtures (1:1, 4:1, and 9:1) mitigated K1-induced depression and colitis. NK33 and NK98 additively or synergistically increased BDNF/NeuN cell population and suppressed NF-κB action in the hippocampus. They alleviated gut dysbiosis by reducing the Proteobacteria population and increasing the Clostridia population. These results suggest that NK33 and NK98 may alleviate depression and colitis by ameliorating gut dysbiosis.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Colitis; DNA-Binding Proteins; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Dysbiosis; Escherichia coli; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nerve Tissue Proteins
PubMed: 32347078
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2002.02058 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2023Several studies have described the contribution of glutamate-transforming microbiota to the development of chronic ailments. For instance, the blood concentration of...
Several studies have described the contribution of glutamate-transforming microbiota to the development of chronic ailments. For instance, the blood concentration of glutamate is higher in some patients with fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, and pain. Taking advantage of a naturally occurring strain of that is able to transform glutamate in γ-aminobutyric caid (GABA), B. adolescentis IPLA60004, we designed a placebo-controlled intervention to test if the presence of this GABA-producing bifidobacteria in mice was able to impact the concentration of glutamate in the blood in comparison with the administration of other strain of the same species lacking the genes of the glutamate decarboxylase () cluster. Animals were fed every day with 8 log CFU of bacteria in a sterilized milk vehicle for 14 days. Samples from feces and blood were collected during this period, and afterwards animals were sacrificed, tissues were taken from different organs, and the levels of different metabolites were analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The results showed that both bacterial strains orally administered survived in the fecal content, and animals fed B. adolescentis IPLA60004 showed a significant reduction of their glutamate serum concentration, while a nonsignificant decrease was observed for animals fed a reference strain, B. adolescentis LGM10502. The variations observed in GABA were influenced by the gender of the animals, and no significant changes were observed in different tissues of the brain. These results suggest that orally administered GABA-producing probiotics could reduce the glutamate concentration in blood, opening a case for a clinical trial study in chronic disease patients. This work presents the results of a trial using mice as a model that were fed with a bacterial strain of the species B. adolescentis, which possesses different active genes capable of degrading glutamate and converting it into GABA. Indeed, the bacterium is able to survive the passage through the gastric tract and, more importantly, the animals reduce over time the concentration of glutamate in their blood. The importance of this result lies in the fact that several chronic ailments, such as fibromyalgia, are characterized by an increase in glutamate. Our results indicate that an oral diet with this probiotic-type bacteria could reduce the concentration of glutamate and, therefore, reduce the symptoms associated with the excess of this neurotransmitter.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Glutamic Acid; Fibromyalgia; Bifidobacterium; Feces; Probiotics; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
PubMed: 37347184
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05063-22 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021The gut microbiota is a newly identified contributor to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies of (), a species of that is...
The gut microbiota is a newly identified contributor to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies of (), a species of that is common in the human intestinal tract, have demonstrated that it can alleviate liver steatosis and steatohepatitis. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has long been considered as a biomarker of NAFLD, and recent studies have shown the protective effect of FGF21 analogs on NAFLD. We wondered whether treatment would alleviate NAFLD via the interaction with FGF21. To this end, male C57BL/6J mice on a choline-deficient high-fat diet (CDHFD) were treated with drinking water supplemented with for 8 weeks, followed by the acute administration of recombinant mouse FGF21 protein (rmFGF21) to conduct the FGF21 response test. Consistent with previous studies, supplementation reversed the CDHFD-induced liver steatosis and steatohepatitis. This was evaluated on the NAFLD activity score (NAS), reduced liver enzymes, and lipid accumulation. Further studies demonstrated that supplementation preserved the gut barrier, reduced the gut microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inhibited the hepatic TLR4/NF-κB pathway. This was accompanied by the elevated expressions of the receptors of FGF21, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and β-klotho (KLB), in the liver and the decreased expression of FGF21. The results of FGF21 response test showed that supplementation alleviated the CDHFD-induced FGF21 resistance. In vivo experiments suggested that LPS could suppress the expression of FGF21 and KLB in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, this study showed that supplementation could alleviate NAFLD by increasing FGF21 sensitivity.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Diet, High-Fat; Fatty Liver; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
PubMed: 35035378
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.773340 -
BMC Pediatrics Jan 2017Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disorder that is often seen in premature infants. Probiotics decrease the risk of NEC; however, the...
BACKGROUND
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disorder that is often seen in premature infants. Probiotics decrease the risk of NEC; however, the mechanism by which probiotics work is not clear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in an NEC rat model.
METHODS
Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were obtained by caesarean section after 20-21 d gestation and randomly divided into the following 3 groups: dam fed (DF), formula fed (FF), and formula + B. adolescentis (FB). Those in the FF and FB groups developed NEC after exposure to asphyxia and cold stress. All rats were sacrificed 72 h after birth and intestinal injury and mRNA expression of TLR4, TOLLIP and SIGIRR were assessed.
RESULTS
B. adolescentis significantly increased the 72-h survival rate from 56.3% in the FF group to 86.7% in the FB group. B. adolescentis significantly reduced the histological score from a median of 3.0 in the FF group to a median of 1.0 in the FB group,and significantly decreased the rate of NEC-like intestinal injury from 77.8% in the FF group to 23.1% in the FB group. The mRNA expression of TLR4 increased 3.6 fold in the FF group but decreased by 2 fold from B. adolescentis treatment. mRNA expression of TOLLIP and SIGIRR decreased 4.3 and 3.7 fold, respectively, in the FF group. B. adolescentis significantly increased mRNA expression of TOLLIP and SIGIRR by 3.7 fold and 2.6 fold, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated B. adolescentis prevents NEC in preterm neonatal rats and that the mechanism for this action might be associated with the alteration of TLR4, TOLLIP, and SIGIRR expression.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Disease Models, Animal; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Probiotics; RNA; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 28056921
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0759-7 -
Nutrients Mar 2021The incidence of obesity, which is closely associated with the gut microbiota and chronic inflammation, has rapidly increased in the past 40 years. Therefore, the...
The incidence of obesity, which is closely associated with the gut microbiota and chronic inflammation, has rapidly increased in the past 40 years. Therefore, the probiotic-based modification of the intestinal microbiota composition has been developed as a strategy for the treatment of obesity. In this study, we selected four strains isolated from the feces of newborn and elderly humans to investigate whether supplementation with of various origins could alleviate obesity in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% energy as fat) received one of the following 14-week interventions: (i) N4_N3, (ii) Z25, (iii) 17_3, (iv) 2016_7_2, and (v) phosphate-buffered saline. The metabolic parameters, thermogenesis, and immunity of all treated mice were measured. Cecal and colonic microbial profiles were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Intestinal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The strains isolated from the feces of elderly humans ( Z25, 17_3, and 2016_7_2) decreased the body weight or weight gain of mice, whilst the strain isolated from the newborn ( N4_N3) increased the body weight of mice. The strains isolated from the elderly also increased serum leptin concentrations and induced the expression of thermogenesis- and lipid metabolism-related genes in brown adipose tissue. All the strains alleviated inflammations in the spleen and brain and modified the cecal and colonic microbiota. Particularly, all strains reversed the HFD-induced depletion of and reduced the development of beta-lactam resistance. In addition, the strains isolated from the elderly increased the relative abundances of potentially beneficial genera, such as , and . We speculate that such increased abundance of commensal bacteria may have mediated the alleviation of obesity, as supplementation decreased the intestinal production of SCFAs, thereby reducing energy delivery to the host mice. Our results revealed that certain strains of can alleviate obesity and modify the gut microbiota of mice. The tested strains of showed different effects on lipid metabolism and immunity regulation, with these effects related to whether they had been isolated from the feces of newborn or elderly humans. This indicates that from different sources may have disparate effects on host health possibly due to the transmission of origin-specific functions to the host.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Colon; Cytokines; Diet, High-Fat; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Immunity; Inflammation; Intestines; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Probiotics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Weight Gain
PubMed: 33801119
DOI: 10.3390/nu13031017 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Feb 2021Members of the human gut microbiota use glycoside hydrolase (GH) enzymes, such as β-galactosidases, to forage on host mucin glycans and dietary fibres. A human faecal...
Members of the human gut microbiota use glycoside hydrolase (GH) enzymes, such as β-galactosidases, to forage on host mucin glycans and dietary fibres. A human faecal metagenomic fosmid library was constructed and functionally screened to identify novel β-galactosidases. Out of the 16,000 clones screened, 30 β-galactosidase-positive clones were identified. The β-galactosidase gene found in the majority of the clones was BAD_1582 from Bifidobacterium adolescentis, subsequently named bgaC. This gene was cloned with a hexahistidine tag, expressed in Escherichia coli and His-tagged-BgaC was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and size filtration. The enzyme had optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 37 °C, with a wide range of pH (4-10) and temperature (0-40 °C) stability. It required a divalent metal ion co-factor; maximum activity was detected with Mg, while Cu and Mn were inhibitory. Kinetic parameters were determined using ortho-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) and lactose substrates. BgaC had a V of 107 μmol/min/mg and a K of 2.5 mM for ONPG and a V of 22 μmol/min/mg and a K of 3.7 mM for lactose. It exhibited low product inhibition by galactose with a K of 116 mM and high tolerance for glucose (66% activity retained in presence of 700 mM glucose). In addition, BgaC possessed transglycosylation activity to produce galactooligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose, as determined by TLC and HPLC analysis. The enzymatic characteristics of B. adolescentis BgaC make it an ideal candidate for dairy industry applications and prebiotic manufacture.Key points• Bifidobacterium adolescentis BgaC β-galactosidase was selected from human faecal metagenome.• BgaC possesses sought-after properties for biotechnology, e.g. low product inhibition.• BgaC has transglycosylation activity producing prebiotic oligosaccharides. Graphical Abstract.
Topics: Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Galactose; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactose; Metagenome; Oligosaccharides; Temperature; beta-Galactosidase
PubMed: 33427933
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11084-y -
Biotechnology, Biotechnological... Jul 2014Bifidobacteria are considered one of the most beneficial probiotics and have been widely studied for their effects against specific pathogens. The present study... (Review)
Review
Bifidobacteria are considered one of the most beneficial probiotics and have been widely studied for their effects against specific pathogens. The present study investigated the antiviral activity of probiotics isolated from Koreans against Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). The effect of probiotic isolates against CVB3 was measured by the plaque assay and cellular toxicity of bifidobacteria in HeLa cells was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Among 13 probiotic isolates, 3 , 2 and 1 had an antiviral effect against CVB3, while the others did not show such effect. SPM1605 showed the greatest inhibitory properties against CVB3. When the threshold cycle (CT) values for the treated SPM1605 samples were compared to the results for the non-treated samples, it was shown that the amplified viral sequences from the CVB3 had their copy number lowered by SPM1605. Moreover, the gene expression in infected HeLa cells was also inhibited by 50%. The results suggest that SPM1605 suppresses CVB3 and could be used as an alternative therapy against infectious diseases caused by coxsackieviruses.
PubMed: 26019554
DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.945237 -
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy Sep 2023The role of gut microbiota in modulating the durability of COVID-19 vaccine immunity is yet to be characterised. In this cohort study, we collected blood and stool...
The role of gut microbiota in modulating the durability of COVID-19 vaccine immunity is yet to be characterised. In this cohort study, we collected blood and stool samples of 121 BNT162b2 and 40 CoronaVac vaccinees at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months post vaccination (p.v.). Neutralisation antibody, plasma cytokine and chemokines were measured and associated with the gut microbiota and metabolome composition. A significantly higher level of neutralising antibody (at 6 months p.v.) was found in BNT162b2 vaccinees who had higher relative abundances of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Roseburia faecis as well as higher concentrations of nicotinic acid (Vitamin B) and γ-Aminobutyric acid (P < 0.05) at baseline. CoronaVac vaccinees with high neutralising antibodies at 6 months p.v. had an increased relative abundance of Phocaeicola dorei, a lower relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and a higher concentration of L-tryptophan (P < 0.05) at baseline. A higher antibody level at 6 months p.v. was also associated with a higher relative abundance of Dorea formicigenerans at 1 month p.v. among CoronaVac vaccinees (Rho = 0.62, p = 0.001, FDR = 0.123). Of the species altered following vaccination, 79.4% and 42.0% in the CoronaVac and BNT162b2 groups, respectively, recovered at 6 months. Specific to CoronaVac vaccinees, both bacteriome and virome diversity depleted following vaccination and did not recover to baseline at 6 months p.v. (FDR < 0.1). In conclusion, this study identified potential microbiota-based adjuvants that may extend the durability of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19 Vaccines; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; BNT162 Vaccine; Cohort Studies; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Antibodies, Neutralizing
PubMed: 37743379
DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01629-8 -
Microorganisms Apr 2022The diversity and the stability of the microbial community are associated with microecological interactions between its members. Antagonism is one type of interaction,...
The diversity and the stability of the microbial community are associated with microecological interactions between its members. Antagonism is one type of interaction, which particularly determines the benefits that probiotics bring to host health by suppressing opportunistic pathogens and microbial contaminants in food. Mathematical models allow for quantitatively predicting intrapopulation relationships. The aim of this study was to create predictive models for bacterial contamination outcomes depending on the probiotic antagonism and prebiotic concentration. This should allow an improvement in the screening of synbiotic composition for preventing gut microbial infections. The functional model (fermentation) was based on a three-stage continuous system, and the distal colon section (N, pH 6.8, flow rate 0.04 h) was simulated. The strains ATCC 15703 and ATCC 9634 were chosen as the model probiotic and pathogen. Oligofructose Orafti P95 (OF) was used as the prebiotic at concentrations of 2, 5, 7, 10, 12, and 15 g/L of the medium. In the first stage, the system was inoculated with , and a dynamic equilibrium ( count, lactic, and acetic acids) was achieved. Then, the system was contaminated with a 3-day suspension (spores). The microbial count, as well as the concentration of acids and residual carbohydrates, was measured. A monoculture was studied as a control. The stationary count of in monoculture was markedly higher. An increase (up to 8 h) in the lag phase was observed for higher prebiotic concentrations. The specific growth rate in the exponential phase varied at different OF concentrations. Thus, the OF concentration influenced two key events of bacterial infection, which together determine when the maximal pathogen count will be reached. The mathematical models were developed, and their accuracies were acceptable for (relative errors ranging from 1.00% to 2.58%) and (relative errors ranging from 0.74% to 2.78%) count prediction.
PubMed: 35630373
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050929 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Sep 2023Bifidobacteria are among the most common bacteria used for their probiotic properties and their impact on the maturation and function of the immune system has been...
Bifidobacteria are among the most common bacteria used for their probiotic properties and their impact on the maturation and function of the immune system has been well-described. Recently, scientific interest is shifting from live bacteria to defined bacteria-derived biologically active molecules. Their greatest advantage over probiotics is the defined structure and the effect independent of the viability status of the bacteria. Here, we aim to characterize Bifidobacterium adolescentis CCDM 368 surface antigens that include polysaccharides (PSs), lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), and peptidoglycan (PG). Among them, Bad368.1 PS was observed to modulate OVA-induced cytokine production in cells isolated from OVA-sensitized mice by increasing the production of Th1-related IFN-γ and inhibition of Th2-related IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines (in vitro). Moreover, Bad368.1 PS (BAP1) is efficiently engulfed and transferred between epithelial and dendritic cells. Therefore, we propose that the Bad368.1 PS (BAP1) can be used for the modulation of allergic diseases in humans. Structural studies revealed that Bad368.1 PS has an average molecular mass of approximately 9,99 × 10 Da and it consists of glucose, galactose, and rhamnose residues that are creating the following repeating unit: →2)-β-D-Glcp-1→3-β-L-Rhap-1→4-β-D-Glcp-1→3-α-L-Rhap-1→4-β-D-Glcp-1→3-α-D-Galp-(1→.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Polysaccharides; Bifidobacterium; Peptidoglycan; Galactose; Tumor Suppressor Proteins; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase
PubMed: 37230638
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120980