-
Nature Communications Jul 2018Dietary lipids favor the growth of the pathobiont Bilophila wadsworthia, but the relevance of this expansion in metabolic syndrome pathogenesis is poorly understood....
Dietary lipids favor the growth of the pathobiont Bilophila wadsworthia, but the relevance of this expansion in metabolic syndrome pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we showed that B. wadsworthia synergizes with high fat diet (HFD) to promote higher inflammation, intestinal barrier dysfunction and bile acid dysmetabolism, leading to higher glucose dysmetabolism and hepatic steatosis. Host-microbiota transcriptomics analysis reveal pathways, particularly butanoate metabolism, which may underlie the metabolic effects mediated by B. wadsworthia. Pharmacological suppression of B. wadsworthia-associated inflammation demonstrate the bacterium's intrinsic capacity to induce a negative impact on glycemic control and hepatic function. Administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 limits B. wadsworthia-induced immune and metabolic impairment by limiting its expansion, reducing inflammation and reinforcing intestinal barrier. Our results suggest a new avenue for interventions against western diet-driven inflammatory and metabolic diseases.
Topics: Animals; Bilophila; Blood Glucose; Cytokines; Desulfovibrionaceae Infections; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Fats; Fatty Liver; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolic Syndrome; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Probiotics; Transcriptome
PubMed: 30022049
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05249-7 -
ACS Omega Dec 2022Broccoli extract mainly contains polyphenols and glucosinolates (GSLs). GSLs can be hydrolyzed by gut microorganisms into isothiocyanates (ITCs) and other active...
Broccoli extract mainly contains polyphenols and glucosinolates (GSLs). GSLs can be hydrolyzed by gut microorganisms into isothiocyanates (ITCs) and other active substances. These substances have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and atherosclerosis-reducing functions. In this study, a high concentration (2000 μmol/L GSLs and 24 μmol/L polyphenols) and a low concentration (83 μmol/L GSLs and 1 μmol/L polyphenols) of broccoli extract were prepared. Gut microorganisms from fresh human feces were cultured to simulate the gut environment in vitro. The GSL content decreased and the types and content of ITCs increased with broccoli extract hydrolysis through cyclic condensation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. Broccoli extract significantly increased probiotics and inhibited harmful bacteria through 16S rDNA sequencing. Based on phylum level analysis, and increased significantly ( < 0.05). At the genus level, both high- and low-concentration groups significantly inhibited and increased and ( < 0.05). The high-concentration group significantly increased ( < 0.05). The broccoli extract improved the richness of gut microorganisms and regulated their structure. The GSL hydrolysis was significantly correlated with , , and ( < 0.05). These study findings provide a theoretical foundation for further exploring a probiotic mechanism of broccoli extract in the intestine.
PubMed: 36530270
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05523 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Increasing evidence suggests that features of the gut microbiota correlate with ischemic stroke. However, the specific characteristics of the gut microbiota in patients...
Increasing evidence suggests that features of the gut microbiota correlate with ischemic stroke. However, the specific characteristics of the gut microbiota in patients suffering different types of ischemic stroke, or recovering from such strokes, have rarely been studied, and potential microbiotic predictors of different types of stroke have seldom been analyzed. We subjected fecal specimens from patients with lacunar or non-lacunar acute ischemic infarctions, and those recovering from such strokes, to bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing and compared the results to those of healthy volunteers. We identified microbial markers of different types of ischemic stroke and verified that these were of diagnostic utility. Patients with two types of ischemic stroke, and those recovering from ischemic stroke, exhibited significant shifts in microbiotic diversities compared to healthy subjects. Cluster of Orthologous Groups of Proteins (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed reduced metabolic and transport-related pathway activities in ischemic stroke patients. We performed fivefold cross-validation using a Random Forest model to identify two optimal bacterial species (operational taxonomic units; OTUs) serving as markers of lacunar infarction; these were (OTU_45) and (OTU_4), and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs under the ROCs) were 0.881 and 0.872 respectively. In terms of non-lacunar acute ischemic infarction detection, the two optimal species were (OTU_330) and (OTU_338); the AUCs under the ROCs were 0.985 and 0.929 respectively. In post-ischemic stroke patients, the three optimal species were (OTU_35), (OTU_303), and (OTU_9); the AUCs under the ROCs were 1, 0.897, and 0.846 respectively. Notably, the gut microbial markers were of considerable value for utility when diagnosing lacunar infarction, non-lacunar acute ischemic infarction, and post-ischemic stroke. This study is the first to characterize the gut microbiotic profiles of patients with lacunar or non-lacunar, acute ischemic strokes, and those recovering from stroke, and to identify microbiotic predictors of such strokes.
Topics: Brain Ischemia; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Stroke; Stroke, Lacunar
PubMed: 33409158
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.587284 -
Genes May 2022The influence of the microbiome on neurological diseases has been studied for years. Recent findings have shown a different composition of gut microbiota detected in...
BACKGROUND
The influence of the microbiome on neurological diseases has been studied for years. Recent findings have shown a different composition of gut microbiota detected in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The role of this dysbiosis is still unknown.
OBJECTIVE
We analyzed the gut microbiota of 15 patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), comparing with diet-matched healthy controls.
METHOD
To determine the composition of the gut microbiota, we performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The specific amplified sequences were in the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene.
RESULTS
The gut microbiota of RRMS patients differed from healthy controls in the levels of the , , , , , , , , and genera. All these genera were included in a logistic regression analysis to determine the sensitivity and the specificity of the test. Finally, the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) and AUC with a 95% CI were calculated and best-matched for (AUC of 75.0 and CI from 60.6 to 89.4) and (AUC of 70.2 and CI from 50.1 to 90.4).
CONCLUSIONS
There is a dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of RRMS patients. An analysis of the components of the microbiota suggests the role of some genera as a predictive factor of RRMS prognosis and diagnosis.
Topics: Biomarkers; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35627315
DOI: 10.3390/genes13050930 -
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology... Apr 2022This study aims to investigate the effect of resveratrol on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and its effect on the gut microbiome profiles, thus contributing...
This study aims to investigate the effect of resveratrol on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and its effect on the gut microbiome profiles, thus contributing to the potential therapeutic strategies for ICP. ICP rat models were established by injecting 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE) subcutaneously from the thirteenth day of gestation for four days and then treated with EE (D group, n=5), resveratrol (R group, n=5), or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA; U group, n=5) from the seventeenth to the twentieth day of gestation. Fecal samples were analyzed with 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. In results: the gut microbiota of pregnant rats was characterized with reduced alpha diversity (Chao1 index), and significant variation in the microbiota structure (ANOSIM) was also observed after being treated with EE. The richness of four phyla and ten genera was upregulated, and five phyla and ten genera were downregulated by EE treatment. The dysbiosis of Bilophila, Ruminococcus, and Actinobacteria caused by EE treatment was reversed by resveratrol administration. There was a correlation between total bile acid and alanine aminotransferase in ICP rats. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis results suggested that the secondary bile acid biosynthesis was decreased, and the alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism was increased after being treated with EE in pregnant rats. In conclusion, EE treatment could lead to gut microbiome dysbiosis and bile acid metabolism dysregulation in pregnant rats. Resveratrol could partially rescue gut microbiota dysbiosis and improve the biochemical characteristics caused by EE treatment.
Topics: Alanine; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholestasis; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Dysbiosis; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glutamates; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rats; Resveratrol; Ursodeoxycholic Acid
PubMed: 36193965
DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2022.2.09 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of on growth performance and microbiota diversity of Pekin ducks. Three hundred...
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of on growth performance and microbiota diversity of Pekin ducks. Three hundred 1-day-old healthy Pekin ducks were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 ducks per replicate. The five treatments supplemented with basal diets containing: either 0 (group CON), 200 (group LLB), 400 (group MLB), and 800 (group HLB) mg/kg or 150 mg/kg aureomycin (group ANT) for 42 days, respectively, and were sacrificed and sampled in the morning of the 42nd day for detection of relevant indexes. The results showed as follows: The feed conversion ratio of the LLB group and MLB groups were lower than the CON group ( < 0.05). The body weight and average daily feed intake of the MLB group were significantly higher than that of the CON group and ANT group ( < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the MLB group significantly increased the content of IgA ( < 0.05) and proinflammatory IL-6 were significantly decreased ( < 0.05), besides, the activity of SOD and T-AOC were also significantly increased in the MLB group ( < 0.05). The 16S rRNA analysis showed that treatments had no effect ( > 0.05) on the alpha diversities of the intestine. The addition of had a dynamic effect on the abundance of cecal microflora of Pekin ducks, and 1-21 d increased the diversity of microflora, while 21d-42 d decreased it. Compared with the CON group, the relative abundance of in the MLB group was significantly increased on Day 21 ( < 0.05), and that of in the LLB group was significantly increased as well ( < 0.05). At 42 d, the relative abundance of in LLB, MBL, HBL, and ANT groups was significantly increased ( < 0.05). In addition, the addition of increased the amount of SCAF-producing bacteria in the intestinal microbiota, such as . The PICRUSt method was used to predict the intestinal microbiota function, and it was found that lipid transport and metabolism of intestinal microbiota in the MLB group were significantly affected. Overall, these results suggest diet supplemented with improved growth performance, immune status, antioxidant capacity, and modulated intestinal microbiota in Pekin ducks. The optimal dietary supplement dose is 400 mg/kg.
PubMed: 35265695
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.832141 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2021The aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment on modulating gut microbiota diversity and composition, as...
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment on modulating gut microbiota diversity and composition, as well as its association with intestinal barrier function. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed different concentrations of NMN, and their feces were collected for detection of 16S rDNA and non-targeted metabolites to explore the effects of NMN on intestinal microbiota and metabolites. The results revealed that NMN increased the abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria (Ruminococcae_UCG-014 and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group) and other probiotics (Akkermansia muciniphila), while the abundance of several harmful bacteria (Bilophila and Oscillibacter) were decreased after NMN treatment. Meanwhile, the level of bile acid-related metabolites in feces from the G1 group (0.1 mg/ml) was significantly increased compared to the control group, including cholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid, and tauro-β-muricholic acid. In addition, long-term NMN treatment affected the permeability of the intestinal mucosa. The number of goblet cells and mucus thickness increased, as well as expression of tight junction protein. These results demonstrate that NMN reduced intestinal mucosal permeability and exerts a protective effect on the intestinal tract. This study lays the foundation for exploring NMN's utility in clinical research.
PubMed: 34395502
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.714604 -
Biomedicines Nov 2022Several studies showed the substantial use of antibiotics and increased risk of antimicrobial resistant infections in patients with COVID-19. The impact of...
OBJECTIVE
Several studies showed the substantial use of antibiotics and increased risk of antimicrobial resistant infections in patients with COVID-19. The impact of COVID-19-related treatments and antibiotics on gut dysbiosis has not been clarified.
DESIGN
The prospective cohort study included hospitalized COVID-19 patients (April-December 2020). The gut microbiome composition was analysed by 16S sequencing. The gut diversity and changes in opportunistic bacteria (OBs) or symbionts were analysed according to clinical parameters, laboratory markers of disease progression, type of non-antibiotic COVID-19 treatments (NACT) and type, WHO AWaRe group, and duration of antibiotic therapy (AT).
RESULTS
A total of 82 patients (mean age 66 ± 13 years, 70% males) were enrolled. The relative abundance of was significantly correlated with duration of hospitalization, intensive care unit stay, O needs, and D-dimer, ferritin, and IL-6 blood levels. The presence of showed the highest number of correlations with NACT, AT, and AT + NACT (e.g., hydroxychloroquine ± lopinavir/ritonavir) and increased relative abundance with AWaRe Watch/Reserve antibiotics, AT duration, and combinations. Abundance of , , , and was negatively correlated with AT and corticosteroids use. Patients with increased IL-6, D-dimer, and ferritin levels receiving AT were more likely to show dysbiosis with increased abundance of and bacteria and decreased abundance of compared with those not receiving AT.
CONCLUSION
Microbiome diversity is affected by COVID-19 severity. In this context, antibiotic treatment may shift the gut microbiome composition towards OBs, particularly . The impact of treatment-driven dysbiosis on OBs infections and long-term consequences needs further study to define the role of gut homeostasis in COVID-19 recovery and inform targeted interventions.
PubMed: 36359311
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112786 -
MSystems Oct 2020Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been linked to animal-based diets, which are a major source of trimethylamine (TMA), a precursor of the proatherogenic compound...
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been linked to animal-based diets, which are a major source of trimethylamine (TMA), a precursor of the proatherogenic compound trimethylamine--oxide (TMAO). Human gut bacteria in the genus have genomic signatures for genetic code expansion that could enable them to metabolize both TMA and its precursors without production of TMAO. We uncovered evidence that the demethylation pathway is actively transcribed in gut microbiomes and that animal-based diets cause to rapidly increase in abundance. CVD occurrence and abundance in humans were significantly negatively correlated. These data lead us to propose that , which is commonly regarded as a pathobiont, may play a role in mitigating cardiovascular disease. Human gut microbiomes have been shown to affect the development of a myriad of disease states, but mechanistic connections between diet, health, and microbiota have been challenging to establish. The hypothesis that reduces cardiovascular disease by circumventing TMAO production offers a clearly defined mechanism with a potential human health impact, but investigations of cell biology and ecology will be needed to fully evaluate these ideas. Links between trimethylamine--oxide (TMAO) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have focused attention on mechanisms by which animal-based diets have negative health consequences. In a meta-analysis of data from foundational gut microbiome studies, we found evidence that specialized bacteria have and express a metabolic pathway that circumvents TMAO production and is often misannotated because it relies on genetic code expansion. This naturally occurring mechanism for TMAO attenuation is negatively correlated with CVD. Ultimately, these findings point to new avenues of research that could increase microbiome-informed understanding of human health and hint at potential biomedical applications in which specialized bacteria are used to curtail CVD development.
PubMed: 33109749
DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00413-20 -
Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao = Journal... Jun 2021To explore the differences in gut virome and microbiome between patients with stroke and healthy volunteers.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the differences in gut virome and microbiome between patients with stroke and healthy volunteers.
OBJECTIVE
Fifteen patients with acute ischemic stroke treated in the Department of Neurology of Nanfang Hospital between February, 2014 and February, 2016 and 15 healthy volunteers matched for age and sex were enrolled in this study. Virome sequencing and 16S rRNA sequencing were performed on stool samples of all the participants, and the composition and structures of the virome and microbiome were compared between the two groups.
OBJECTIVE
No significant difference was found in the overall diversity of virome between the stroke patients and the healthy volunteers (alpha diversity: =0.320; beta diversity: =0.169, =0.037), but virome composition differed significantly between the two groups. The relative abundance of and increased significantly in patients with stroke. The structures and composition of the microbiome in patients with stroke also differed significantly from those of the healthy volunteers (alpha diversity: =0.950; beta diversity: =0.005, =0.117). The relative abundance of increased while that of decreased in patients with stroke. Correlation analysis showed that in the virome of stroke patients, the relative abundance of the phage preying was positively correlated with that of their hosts (=0.550, =0.036), while in the virome of healthy volunteers, the relative abundance of the phage preying (=0.520, =0.049), (=0.541, =0.040) and (=0.526, =0.046) were positively correlated with that of their respective hosts.
OBJECTIVE
Stroke patients have similar overall diversity of the virome to healthy volunteers but different virome composition and interaction patterns between the virome and microbiome. The gut microbiome also differs between stroke patients and healthy volunteers. The relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens increases but that of symbiotic bacteria decreases in stroke patients.
Topics: Brain Ischemia; Feces; Humans; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Stroke; Virome
PubMed: 34238738
DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.06.08