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Theranostics 2017DNAzymes are catalytically active DNA molecules that are obtained via in vitro selection. RNA-cleaving DNAzymes have attracted significant attention for both therapeutic... (Review)
Review
DNAzymes are catalytically active DNA molecules that are obtained via in vitro selection. RNA-cleaving DNAzymes have attracted significant attention for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications due to their excellent programmability, stability, and activity. They can be designed to cleave a specific mRNA to down-regulate gene expression. At the same time, DNAzymes can sense a broad range of analytes. By combining these two functions, theranostic DNAzymes are obtained. This review summarizes the progress of DNAzyme for theranostic applications. First, selection of DNAzymes is briefly introduced, and some representative DNAzymes related to biological applications are summarized. Then, the applications of DNAzyme for RNA cleaving are reviewed. DNAzymes have been used to cleave RNA for treating various diseases, such as viral infection, cancer, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Several formulations have entered clinical trials. Next, the use of DNAzymes for detecting metal ions, small molecules and nucleic acids related to disease diagnosis is summarized. Finally, the theranostic applications of DNAzyme are reviewed. The challenges to be addressed include poor DNAzyme activity under biological conditions, mRNA accessibility, delivery, and quantification of gene expression. Possible solutions to overcome these challenges are discussed, and future directions of the field are speculated.
Topics: Animals; Biological Therapy; Biomedical Research; DNA, Catalytic; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans; RNA; Theranostic Nanomedicine
PubMed: 28382172
DOI: 10.7150/thno.17736 -
Cell Host & Microbe Aug 2021The spectrum of gut microbiome composition is readily but controversially distilled into a handful of community types. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Lee et al....
The spectrum of gut microbiome composition is readily but controversially distilled into a handful of community types. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Lee et al. (2021) find that matching pre-existing community types (and associated molecular biomarkers) to the class of immune biologic therapy in inflammatory bowel disease may double the treatment response.
Topics: Biological Therapy; Biomarkers; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
PubMed: 34384525
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.07.012 -
Reumatologia Clinica 2017Biological therapy has changed the course of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The safety is well documented in national and international studies. Neurological... (Review)
Review
Biological therapy has changed the course of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The safety is well documented in national and international studies. Neurological manifestations are uncommon and it is difficult to establish a clear causal relationship. The neurological signs and symptoms that may appear are multiple and sometimes mimic demyelinating neurological diseases and/or neurodegenerative diseases. Knowledge and disclosure of these cases is essential for a comprehensive management of biological therapy in our patients.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antirheumatic Agents; Biological Therapy; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Rheumatic Diseases; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 27373584
DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2016.04.012 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases are rare conditions caused by genetic abnormalities affecting the innate immunity. Previous therapeutic strategies had been mainly... (Review)
Review
Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases are rare conditions caused by genetic abnormalities affecting the innate immunity. Previous therapeutic strategies had been mainly based on results from retrospective studies and physicians' experience. However, during the last years, the significant improvement in their genetic and pathogenic knowledge has been accompanied by a remarkable progress in their management. The relatively recent identification of the inflammasome as the crucial pathogenic mechanism causing an aberrant production of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in the most frequent monogenic autoinflammatory diseases led to the introduction of anti-IL-1 agents and other biologic drugs as part of the previously limited therapeutic armamentarium available. Advances in the treatment of autoinflammatory diseases have been favored by the use of new biologic agents and the performance of a notable number of randomized clinical trials exploring the efficacy and safety of these agents. Clinical trials have contributed to increase the level of evidence and provided more robust therapeutic recommendations. This review analyzes the treatment of the most frequent monogenic autoinflammatory diseases, namely, familial Mediterranean fever, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic fever syndrome, hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome/mevalonate kinase deficiency, and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, together with periodic fever with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis syndrome, which is the most common polygenic autoinflammatory disease in children, also occurring in adult patients. Finally, based on the available expert consensus recommendations and the highest level of evidence of the published studies, a practical evidence-based guideline for the treatment of these autoinflammatory diseases is proposed.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Biological Therapy; Colchicine; Dapsone; Evidence-Based Medicine; Fever; Humans; Immunotherapy; Lymphadenitis; Pharyngitis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Syndrome; Thalidomide
PubMed: 32655539
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00865 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Jun 2019Synthetic biology builds programmed biological systems for a wide range of purposes such as improving human health, remedying the environment, and boosting the... (Review)
Review
Synthetic biology builds programmed biological systems for a wide range of purposes such as improving human health, remedying the environment, and boosting the production of valuable chemical substances. In recent years, the rapid development of synthetic biology has enabled synthetic bacterium-based diagnoses and therapeutics superior to traditional methodologies by engaging bacterial sensing of and response to environmental signals inherent in these complex biological systems. Biosynthetic systems have opened a new avenue of disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we introduce designed synthetic bacterial systems acting as living therapeutics in the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases. We also discuss the safety and robustness of genetically modified synthetic bacteria inside the human body.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Biological Therapy; Biosensing Techniques; Communicable Diseases; Drug Delivery Systems; Genetic Engineering; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Neoplasms; Synthetic Biology
PubMed: 31216840
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1904.04016 -
Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular... 2020Advances in medical and surgical management have significantly improved early outcomes in single ventricle congenital heart disease over the last 2 decades. Despite... (Review)
Review
Advances in medical and surgical management have significantly improved early outcomes in single ventricle congenital heart disease over the last 2 decades. Despite these advances, long-term outcomes remain suboptimal and therapeutic options to address systemic ventricular and/or Fontan failure are limited even in the modern era. Intricate molecular biologic techniques have shed light into the mechanisms of development of single ventricle disease. Efforts are underway to leverage this knowledge to improve clinical diagnosis, therapy, and prognostication. Cell-based therapies aimed at inducing cardiomyocyte proliferation and preventing delayed cardiac dysfunction have already entered the clinical realm. Several more novel biological therapies are expected to become available for patients with single ventricle disease in the near future. These scientific advancements provide us hope and reaffirm our faith that molecular medicine will usher in the next generation of therapies for single ventricle management.
Topics: Biological Therapy; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Fontan Procedure; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heart Ventricles; Humans
PubMed: 32354551
DOI: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2020.03.003 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Nov 2015In recent years, a new class of drugs has revolutionized the treatment of autoimmune, allergic, infectious, and many more diseases. This new class of drugs is made of 3... (Review)
Review
In recent years, a new class of drugs has revolutionized the treatment of autoimmune, allergic, infectious, and many more diseases. This new class of drugs is made of 3 groups-cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, and fusion proteins-that may target special damaged cells but not all the cells. These drugs may have side effects such as infection, hypersensitivity, hematologic disorders, cancer, hepatotoxicity, and neurologic disorders. However, there is not enough evidence or long-term studies of the mechanism of action and side effects of these drugs. Patients receiving biological therapies may need special consideration in dentistry. This paper is a review of the classification, mechanism of action, and side effects of these drugs and dental consideration for patients receiving biological therapies.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biological Therapy; Cytokines; Dental Care for Chronically Ill; Humans
PubMed: 26372436
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.07.032 -
Clinical and Experimental Medicine May 2024Malignant tumors pose a grave threat to the quality of human life. The prevalence of malignant tumors in China is steadily rising. Presently, clinical interventions... (Review)
Review
Malignant tumors pose a grave threat to the quality of human life. The prevalence of malignant tumors in China is steadily rising. Presently, clinical interventions encompass surgery, radiotherapy, and pharmaceutical therapy in isolation or combination. Nonetheless, these modalities fail to completely eradicate malignant tumor cells, frequently leading to metastasis and recurrence. Conversely, tumor biotherapy has emerged as an encouraging fourth approach in preventing and managing malignant tumors owing to its safety, efficacy, and minimal adverse effects. Currently, a range of tumor biotherapy techniques are employed, including gene therapy, tumor vaccines, monoclonal antibody therapy, cancer stem cell therapy, cytokine therapy, and adoptive cellular immunotherapy. This study aims to comprehensively review the latest developments in biological treatments for malignant tumors.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Biological Therapy; Cancer Vaccines; Genetic Therapy; Immunotherapy; China
PubMed: 38801637
DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01376-2 -
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) Sep 2021Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare, but characteristic non-familial, multi-genic systemic auto-inflammatory disorder, characterized by high spiking fever,... (Review)
Review
Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare, but characteristic non-familial, multi-genic systemic auto-inflammatory disorder, characterized by high spiking fever, salmon-like evanescent skin rash, polyarthritis, sore throat, hyperferritinemia and leucocytosis. The hallmark of AOSD is a cytokine storm triggered by dysregulation of inflammation. Nowadays, with advances in anti-cytokine biologic agents, the treatment of AOSD is no longer limited to NSAIDs, glucocorticoids or conventional synthetic DMARDs. In this review, we focussed on the roles of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of AOSD and summarized the current and emerging biological therapy.
Topics: Biological Therapy; Cytokine Release Syndrome; Humans; Still's Disease, Adult-Onset
PubMed: 34117886
DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab485 -
Virologica Sinica Feb 2015The Enterobacteriaceae are a class of gram-negative facultative anaerobic rods, which can cause a variety of diseases, such as bacteremia, septic arthritis,... (Review)
Review
The Enterobacteriaceae are a class of gram-negative facultative anaerobic rods, which can cause a variety of diseases, such as bacteremia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infections, urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections and ophthalmic infections, in humans, poultry, animals and fish. Disease caused by Enterobacteriaceae cause the deaths of millions of people every year, resulting in enormous economic loss. Drug treatment is a useful and efficient way to control Enterobacteriaceae infections. However, with the abuse of antibiotics, drug resistance has been found in growing number of Enterobacteriaceae infections and, as such, there is an urgent need to find new methods of control. Bacteriophage therapy is an efficient alternative to antibiotics as it employs a different antibacterial mechanism. This paper summarizes the history of bacteriophage therapy, its bacterial lytic mechanisms, and the studies that have focused on Enterobacteriaceae and bacteriophage therapy.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriophages; Biological Therapy; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans
PubMed: 25662887
DOI: 10.1007/s12250-014-3543-6