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Investigacion Y Educacion En Enfermeria Apr 2016Identify the factors that influence women in the decision to breastfeed. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Identify the factors that influence women in the decision to breastfeed.
METHODS
Integrative review. Information was gathered from original articles, case studies, theoretical studies, consensus and systematic reviews published between 2007-2013 in Spanish, Portuguese and English and recovered in the databases MEDLINE and LILACS. The descriptors used in this study were: breastfeeding, maternal behavior, risk factors, lactation and newborn.
RESULTS
Were included 30 articles, grouped into five categories. Factors influencing the decision of the breastfeeding woman are a convergence of breastfeeding's advantages, benefits and justifications, family, social and professional support, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of women, personal experience and family tradition and personal choice.
CONCLUSION
The decision to breastfeed by women is influenced by a convergence of factors. It is essential the role of nursing to encourage women in the decision to initiate and maintain breastfeeding her child.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Choice Behavior; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lactation; Maternal Behavior
PubMed: 28569988
DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee.v34n1a22 -
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive... Sep 2019Breast-feeding rates and durations have been increasing among U.S. women in recent decades. As a result, women may be more likely to practice breast-feeding during...
CONTEXT
Breast-feeding rates and durations have been increasing among U.S. women in recent decades. As a result, women may be more likely to practice breast-feeding during pregnancy (BDP), which has been hypothesized to increase the risk of miscarriage, yet there has been little research into the issue.
METHODS
Data on 10,661 pregnancies from several waves of the National Survey of Family Growth, covering the years 2002-2015, were used to calculate unadjusted miscarriage rates according to BDP status. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were employed to investigate the association between BDP and the risk of miscarriage.
RESULTS
BDP was practiced for 6% of the total time at risk of miscarriage. The miscarriage rate was higher when mothers exclusively breast-fed during pregnancy (35%) than when they practiced either complementary BDP (i.e., the child also consumed other food) or did not breast-feed (14% and 15%, respectively). After adjustment for maternal and pregnancy characteristics, the risk of miscarriage was greater when mothers exclusively breast-fed than when mothers did not breast-feed (hazard ratio, 3.9), but no increased risk was found with complementary BDP. The miscarriage risk during exclusive BDP was similar to that for women who conceived when they were 40 or older (3.2).
CONCLUSIONS
Exclusive BDP is associated with an elevated risk of miscarriage, but it remains unclear whether and how the practice is associated with health outcomes for the mother and breast-fed child. Research is needed to further explore these outcomes to inform recommendations regarding BDP.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mothers; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; United States
PubMed: 31524957
DOI: 10.1363/psrh.12120 -
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology... Aug 2017Breast-feeding may protect against infections, but its optimal duration remains controversial. We aimed to study the association of the duration of full and any...
OBJECTIVES
Breast-feeding may protect against infections, but its optimal duration remains controversial. We aimed to study the association of the duration of full and any breast-feeding with infections the first 18 months of life.
METHODS
The Norwegian Mother and Child study (MoBa) is a prospective birth cohort which recruited expecting mothers giving birth from 2000 to 2009. We analyzed data from the full cohort (n = 70,511) and sibling sets (n = 21,220) with parental report of breast-feeding and infections. The main outcome measures were the relative risks (RRs) for hospitalization for infections from 0 to 18 months by age at introduction of complementary foods and duration of any breast-feeding.
RESULTS
Although we found some evidence for an overall association between longer duration of full breast-feeding and lower risk of hospitalizations for infections, 7.3% of breast-fed children who received complementary foods at 4 to 6 months of age compared to 7.7% of those receiving complementary foods after 6 months were hospitalized (adjusted RR 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.88-1.03). Higher risk of hospitalization was observed in those breast-fed 6 months or less (10.0%) compared to ≥12 months (7.6%, adjusted RR 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.31), but with similar risks for 6 to 11 months versus ≥12 months. Matched sibling analyses, minimizing the confounding from shared maternal factors, showed nonsignificant associations and were generally weaker compared with the cohort analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results support the recommendation to fully breast-feed for 4 months and to continue breast-feeding beyond 6 months, and suggest that protection against infections is limited to the first 12 months.
Topics: Age Factors; Breast Feeding; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastroenteritis; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Logistic Models; Male; Norway; Otitis Media; Prospective Studies; Protective Factors; Respiratory Tract Infections; Siblings; Time Factors
PubMed: 28737571
DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001539 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... Apr 2020These recommendations aim to provide guidance on breastfeeding for mothers with suspected or confirmed Covid-19. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
These recommendations aim to provide guidance on breastfeeding for mothers with suspected or confirmed Covid-19.
METHODS
We performed a review of the recent medical literature on breastfeeding mothers with suspected or confirmed Covid-19, focusing on the neonatal period.
RESULTS
We analyzed 20 recent publications on breastfeeding, Covid-19, and its transmission through breastmilk. We presented possible options for breastfeeding and their consequences for the mother and the child.
CONCLUSION
All maternal decisions in relation to breastfeeding are justifiable since the infection by Covid-19 is still poorly known. However, puerperal women and their families must be very well informed to make a conscious choice based on the information available in the literature so far.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; Breast Feeding; Breast Milk Expression; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Mothers; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Practice Guidelines as Topic; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32578793
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.4.541 -
American Family Physician Mar 2016
Review
Topics: Breast Feeding; Contraception; Female; Humans; Lactation; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 26926971
DOI: No ID Found -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Oct 2016Preterm infants start milk feeds by gavage tube. As they mature, sucking feeds are gradually introduced. Women who choose to breast feed their preterm infant are not... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Preterm infants start milk feeds by gavage tube. As they mature, sucking feeds are gradually introduced. Women who choose to breast feed their preterm infant are not always able to be in hospital with their baby and need an alternative approach to feeding. Most commonly, milk (expressed breast milk or formula) is given by bottle. Whether using bottles during establishment of breast feeds is detrimental to breast feeding success is a topic of ongoing debate.
OBJECTIVES
To identify the effects of avoidance of bottle feeds during establishment of breast feeding on the likelihood of successful breast feeding, and to assess the safety of alternatives to bottle feeds.
SEARCH METHODS
We used the standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2016, Issue 2), MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to July 2016), Embase (1980 to July 2016) and CINAHL (1982 to July 2016). We also searched databases of clinical trials and the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing avoidance of bottles with use of bottles in women who have chosen to breast feed their preterm infant.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. When appropriate, we contacted study authors for additional information. Review authors used standard methods of The Cochrane Collaboration and the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group.
MAIN RESULTS
We included seven trials with 1152 preterm infants. Five studies used a cup feeding strategy, one used a tube feeding strategy and one used a novel teat when supplements to breast feeds were needed. We included the novel teat study in this review, as the teat was designed to more closely mimic the sucking action of breast feeding. The trials were of small to moderate size, and two had high risk of attrition bias. Adherence with cup feeding was poor in one of the studies, indicating dissatisfaction with this method by staff and/or parents; the remaining four cup feeding studies provided no such reports of dissatisfaction or low adherence. Meta-analyses provided evidence of low to moderate quality indicating that avoiding bottles increases the extent of breast feeding on discharge home (full breast feeding typical risk ratio (RR) 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19 to 1.80; any breast feeding RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.16). Limited available evidence for three months and six months post discharge shows that avoiding bottles increases the occurrence of full breast feeding and any breast feeding at discharge and at six months post discharge, and of full (but not any) breast feeding at three months post discharge. This effect was evident at all time points for the tube alone strategy and for all except any breast feeding at three months post discharge for cup feeding. Investigators reported no clear benefit when the novel teat was used. No other benefits or harms were evident, including, in contrast to the previous (2008) review, length of hospital stay.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Evidence of low to moderate quality suggests that supplementing breast feeds by cup increases the extent and duration of breast feeding. Current insufficient evidence provides no basis for recommendations for a tube alone approach to supplementing breast feeds.
Topics: Bottle Feeding; Breast Feeding; Cooking and Eating Utensils; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Humans; Infant Formula; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Length of Stay; Milk, Human; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sucking Behavior
PubMed: 27756113
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005252.pub4 -
Annals of the Academy of Medicine,... Aug 2019
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Breast Feeding; Child; Child Health; Child, Preschool; Female; Global Health; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Promotion; Humans; Infant; Infant Health; Infant, Newborn; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Singapore
PubMed: 31628742
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Human Biology : the... Jun 2023Many parents swaddle their infants to promote sleep and reduce night-waking, however lack of definitive evidence about the pros and cons of swaddling when breastfeeding... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Many parents swaddle their infants to promote sleep and reduce night-waking, however lack of definitive evidence about the pros and cons of swaddling when breastfeeding hinders postnatal recommendations regarding this infant care practice. This review critically examines research conducted on the impact of swaddling upon breastfeeding.
METHODS
Only two recent studies on swaddling outcomes have reported infant feed-type, therefore the purpose of this paper is to consider the known effects of swaddling on breastfeeding babies and their mothers. We interpret the existing literature on swaddling in terms of impact on breastfeeding physiology and behaviour during the immediate post-natal period, and as infancy progresses.
RESULTS
Infants swaddled immediately after birth show a delay in initial breastfeeding, less successful suckling at the breast, reduced intake of breastmilk and greater weight loss compared to un-swaddled babies. Swaddling visually obscures feeding cues and reduces crying, thereby eliminating two key feeding prompts typically used by parents/carers.
CONCLUSIONS
As swaddled babies cry less, and are fed less frequently than un-swaddled babies some clinical trials position swaddling as a 'novel weight regulation tool' to combat obesity. However, in the case of breastfed babies, by reducing feed frequency swaddling may impede maternal milk production and thereby infant growth.
Topics: Infant; Female; Child; Humans; Breast Feeding; Sleep; Infant Care; Milk, Human; Breast
PubMed: 36787374
DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23878 -
Public Health Nutrition Dec 2017Despite numerous global initiatives on breast-feeding, trend data show exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) rates have stagnated over the last two decades. The purpose of the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Despite numerous global initiatives on breast-feeding, trend data show exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) rates have stagnated over the last two decades. The purpose of the present systematic review was to determine barriers to exclusive breast-feeding in twenty-five low- and middle-income countries and discuss implications for programmes.
DESIGN
A search of Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsychINFO was conducted to retrieve studies from January 2000 to October 2015. Using inclusion criteria, we selected both qualitative and quantitative studies that described barriers to EBF.
SETTING
Low- and middle-income countries.
SUBJECTS
Following application of systematic review criteria, forty-eight articles from fourteen countries were included in the review.
RESULTS
Sixteen barriers to EBF were identified in the review. There is moderate evidence of a negative association between maternal employment and EBF practices. Studies that examined EBF barriers at childbirth and the initial 24 h post-delivery found strong evidence that caesarean section can impede EBF. There is moderate evidence for early initiation of breast-feeding and likelihood of practising EBF. Breast-feeding problems were commonly reported from cross-sectional or observational studies. Counselling on EBF and the presence of family and/or community support have demonstrated improvements in EBF.
CONCLUSIONS
Improving the counselling skills of health workers to address breast-feeding problems and increasing community support for breast-feeding are critical components of infant and young child feeding programming, which will aid in attaining the 2025 World Health Assembly EBF targets. Legislation and regulations on marketing of breast-milk substitutes, paid maternity leave and breast-feeding breaks for working mothers require attention in low- and middle-income countries.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Cesarean Section; Developing Countries; Employment; Female; Humans; Mothers; Poverty
PubMed: 28965508
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980017002531 -
Revista Da Escola de Enfermagem Da U S P Jul 2018To describe and interpret the experience of breastfeeding among women who underwent mammoplasty surgery prior to motherhood.
OBJECTIVE
To describe and interpret the experience of breastfeeding among women who underwent mammoplasty surgery prior to motherhood.
METHOD
A descriptive, qualitative study developed with women attended at a Human Milk Bank between 2014 and 2015. Data analysis was based on the content analysis method and supported by the Interactive Theory of Breastfeeding.
RESULTS
13 women participated in the study. Four categories emerged: 1) Success (or lack thereof) in Exclusive Breastfeeding: influence of maternal and child biological conditions; 2) Maternal feelings: perception about breastfeeding; 3) Decision making on the continuity of breastfeeding or the use of formula; 4) The role of health professionals in protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding: Information (or lack thereof) on the implications of the surgery.
CONCLUSION
Unfavorable biological conditions of the women who underwent mammoplasty generated unsuccessful experiences in exclusive breastfeeding and limited their decision-making, despite their desire to breastfeed.
Topics: Adult; Breast Feeding; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Mammaplasty; Mothers; Professional Role; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 30043930
DOI: 10.1590/S1980-220X2017020003350