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Journal of Preventive Medicine and... Mar 2022Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most significant health problems among the women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an examination method which is used by women to...
INTRODUCTION
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most significant health problems among the women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an examination method which is used by women to detect breast cancer as much early as possible. Training of women about BSE is crucial.
METHODS
The current study was semi-experimentally single-group pretest-posttest designed in order to evaluate breast self-examination (BSE) training efficacy on Turkish women's knowledge and skills. The study was performed on 119 Turkish women. The data were collected with a three questionnaires and BSE Training Skills Evaluation Form in three phases.
RESULTS
81.5% of the women did not perform BSE regularly. Rate of correct responses about knowledge on BC, risk factors and screening increased after posttest. Significant improvements were observed in the post-test (after training, after one month and three months training) scores for knowledge of Turkish women' towards BC, risk factors and screening, steps of BSE after the intervention (p < 0.001). To quantify the efficiency of training, effect size (Cohen's d) was derived. For knowledge and ability to do BSE scores, Cohen's d was 1,01 ≤ with large effect size indicating highly effective impact of the training.
CONCLUSIONS
It seems that BSE training is beneficial in women. However, women should receive regular BSE training to renew their knowledge and skills. Long follow-up is required.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Breast Self-Examination; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Surveys and Questionnaires; Turkey
PubMed: 35647363
DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.1.2305 -
Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt... 2021Breast self-examination (BSE) is one of the most feasible methods of screening for early stages of breast cancer. However, the practice rate is insufficient in many low... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Breast self-examination (BSE) is one of the most feasible methods of screening for early stages of breast cancer. However, the practice rate is insufficient in many low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of BSE practice among female university students in Ethiopia.
METHODS
PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for studies that assessed BSE practice among female students in Ethiopian universities. The study included articles published from January 1st, 2010 to June 16th, 2020. The Cochran's Q chi-square and the respective I test statistics were used to check heterogeneity among the included studies. To assess publication biases, the funnel plot and Egger's regression tests were employed. Subgroup analysis was done by using different characteristics of studies. Sensitivity analysis was also run to assess the effect of a single study on the pooled outcome. STATA™ Version 14 software packages were employed for data analysis.
RESULTS
Sixteen (n = 16) studies with 5,743 participants were included to estimate the pooled prevalence of BSE practice. The prevalence of regular BSE practice reported in the studies ranges from 0% to 26.4%. The estimated pooled prevalence of regular BSE practice among university students in Ethiopia is 11.23% which is very low. The prevalence of BSE practice was high, 13.6% in studies published before 2015, 12.0% among health science students, and 12.6% in studies with a sample size of 384 participants and above. In addition, the estimated pooled prevalence of irregular self-breast-examination practice was 33.28%.
CONCLUSION
The rate of BSE practice among female university students is low. Thus, awareness strategies need to be designed to increase the practice rate among women in the country as BSE is one of the most feasible strategies in early detection of breast cancer if properly implemented.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Breast Self-Examination; Ethiopia; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Students; Universities
PubMed: 34169755
DOI: 10.1177/10732748211019137 -
Awareness and practice of breast self-examination among female staff at Babcock University, Nigeria.Ecancermedicalscience 2023Despite the ever-growing breast cancer awareness campaigns in Nigeria, the practice of breast self-examination (BSE) continues to vary widely among women. We aimed to...
BACKGROUND
Despite the ever-growing breast cancer awareness campaigns in Nigeria, the practice of breast self-examination (BSE) continues to vary widely among women. We aimed to assess breast cancer awareness and practice of BSE among female staff at Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria.
METHODS
The cross-sectional descriptive design was adopted for this study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to 160 respondents. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.
RESULTS
Although the majority of the respondents were highly aware of breast cancer (78.12%) and had good knowledge about BSE (96.9%), their practice of BSE was low. Only 11.3% always examine their breasts in the mirror by raising their hands over their head, looking at their breasts and examining it in a circular motion; 56% rarely looked for puckering, colour changes and dimpling of the skin when examining their breasts in the mirror, although 53.8% sometimes squeezed their nipples and looked for discharge when they examined their breasts.
CONCLUSION
Knowledge and positive opinions toward preventive strategies for breast cancer should not be interpreted as readiness for practice. Educational intervention programs emphasising the importance of early detection in managing breast cancer should be reinforced to birth the desirable change.
PubMed: 38414968
DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2023.1615 -
JMIR Medical Informatics Sep 2020Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality among women worldwide. However, female patients often feel reluctant and embarrassed about meeting physicians in person...
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality among women worldwide. However, female patients often feel reluctant and embarrassed about meeting physicians in person to discuss their intimate body parts, and prefer to use social media for such interactions. Indeed, the number of patients and physicians interacting and seeking information related to breast cancer on social media has been growing. However, a physician may behave inappropriately on social media by sharing a patient's personal medical data excessively with colleagues or the public. Such an act would reduce the physician's trustworthiness from the patient's perspective. The multifaceted trust model is currently most commonly used for investigating social media interactions, which facilitates its enhanced adoption in the context of breast self-examination. The characteristics of the multifaceted trust model go beyond being personalized, context-dependent, and transitive. This model is more user-centric, which allows any user to evaluate the interaction process. Thus, in this study, we explored and evaluated use of the multifaceted trust model for breast self-examination as a more suitable trust model for patient-physician social media interactions in breast cancer screening.
OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this study were: (1) to identify the trustworthiness indicators that are suitable for a breast self-examination system, (2) design and propose a breast self-examination system, and (3) evaluate the multifaceted trustworthiness interaction between patients and physicians.
METHODS
We used a qualitative study design based on open-ended interviews with 32 participants (16 outpatients and 16 physicians). The interview started with an introduction to the research objective and an explanation of the steps on how to use the proposed breast self-examination system. The breast self-examination system was then evaluated by asking the patient to rate their trustworthiness with the physician after the consultation. The evaluation was also based on monitoring the activity in the chat room (interactions between physicians and patients) during daily meetings, weekly meetings, and the articles posted by the physician in the forum.
RESULTS
Based on the interview sessions with 16 physicians and 16 patients on using the breast self-examination system, honesty had a strong positive correlation (r=0.91) with trustworthiness, followed by credibility (r=0.85), confidence (r=0.79), and faith (r=0.79). In addition, belief (r=0.75), competency (r=0.73), and reliability (r=0.73) were strongly correlated with trustworthiness, with the lowest correlation found for reputation (r=0.72). The correlation among trustworthiness indicators was significant (P<.001). Moreover, the trust level of a patient for a particular physician was found to increase after several interactions.
CONCLUSIONS
Multifaceted trustworthiness has a significant impact on a breast self-examination system. Evaluation of trustworthiness indicators helps to ensure a trustworthy system and ethical interaction between a patient and physician. A new patient can obtain a consultation by referring to the best physician according to preference of other patients. Patients can also trust a physician based on another patient's recommendation regarding the physician's trust level. The correlation analysis further showed that the most preferred trustworthiness indicator is honesty.
PubMed: 32965225
DOI: 10.2196/21584 -
Der Urologe. Ausg. A Jul 2021Regular self-examination can facilitate early detection of testicular cancer and malignancies of the breast and may ensure a curative treatment. In this analysis we...
BACKGROUND
Regular self-examination can facilitate early detection of testicular cancer and malignancies of the breast and may ensure a curative treatment. In this analysis we explored the tendencies of medical students to perform self-examination and associated factors.
METHODS
As part of their urology rotation, medical students of the Technical University of Munich were surveyed via questionnaires regarding their health and sexual behavior. In all, 98.8% of the students participated and data from 473 of 477 students were included in this analysis. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression analysis.
RESULTS
In all, 64.2% (n = 177) of the male students and 72.3% (n = 296) of the female students performed regular self-examination of the testis and breast, respectively. Students who did not communicate with their partners or friends about their sex lives were less likely to preform regular self-examination (p < 0.05). Male students without sexual intercourse in the 4 weeks prior to the survey and female students who did not masturbate in the 4 weeks prior to the survey were also less likely to preform regular self-examination (p < 0.05).
DISCUSSION
The rate of regular self-examination is high in medical students compared to previous studies on young adults and non-medical students. This shows that knowledge about the significance of testicular cancer and breast cancer are fundamental for promoting self-examination in teenagers and young adults. A distressed sex life might hinder young adults in preforming regular self-examination. Therefore, improved education about the significance of testicular cancer and routine urological consultations for male teenagers and young men are ways to promote testicular self-examination within this age group.
Topics: Adolescent; Breast Self-Examination; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Retrospective Studies; Students, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires; Testicular Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 33651118
DOI: 10.1007/s00120-021-01479-8 -
PloS One 2021The survival rate from breast cancer is lowest in African countries and the distribution of breast self-examination practice of and its determinants are not well... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The survival rate from breast cancer is lowest in African countries and the distribution of breast self-examination practice of and its determinants are not well investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the pooled prevalence of breast self-examination and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia.
METHODS
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The databases used were; PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CINAHL, African Journals Online, Dimensions and Summon per country online databases. Search terms used were; breast self-examination, breast cancer screening, early detection of breast cancer and Ethiopia. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for critical appraisal of studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 15 software. The pooled meta-analysis was computed to present the pooled prevalence and relative risks (RRs) of the determinate factors with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
We identified 2,637 studies, of which, 40 articles (with 17,820 participants) were eligible for inclusion in the final meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of breast self-examination in Ethiopia was 36.72% (95% CI: 29.90, 43.53). The regional distribution breast self-examination ranged from 21.2% (95% CI: 4.49, 37.91) in Tigray to 61.5% (95% CI: 53.98, 69.02) in Gambela region. The lowest prevalence of breast self-examination was observed among the general population (20.43% (95% CI: 14.13, 26.72)). Women who had non-formal educational status (OR = 0.4 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.77)), family history of breast cancer (OR = 2.04 (95% CI: 1.23, 3.39)), good knowledge of breast self-examination (OR = 4.8 (95% CI: 3.03, 7.6)) and favorable attitude toward breast self-examination (OR = 2.75, (95% CI: 1.66, 4.55)) were significantly associated with practice of breast self-examination.
CONCLUSIONS
Only a third of women in Ethiopia practiced breast examination despite WHO guidelines advocating for this practice among all women of reproductive age. Intervention programs should address the factors that are associated with breast self-examination. Population specific programs are needed to promote breast self-examination.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Regression Analysis; Self-Examination; Young Adult
PubMed: 33444380
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245252 -
European Journal of Midwifery 2020The aim of the present study is to determine how often women perform breast self-examination (BSE) and undergo mammography and Pap test, and how healthcare professionals...
INTRODUCTION
The aim of the present study is to determine how often women perform breast self-examination (BSE) and undergo mammography and Pap test, and how healthcare professionals affect them to do so.
METHODS
This descriptive study was carried out with 1025 women, aged 20-82 years and living in the central district of Sivas, who presented to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinics of Hospitals between January and December 2010, and who volunteered to participate in the study and gave their verbal agreement to the researchers.
RESULTS
Out of the participants, 46.9% lacked mammogram knowledge, 13.2% received advice from healthcare professionals, and 20.1% thought that they were healthy and thus did not need mammography. Out of the participants, 45.9% lacked knowledge about the Pap test, 11.8% received advice from healthcare professionals, and 18.9% thought that they were healthy and thus did not need a 'Pap test'.
CONCLUSIONS
While one-fourth of the participants stated that they performed BSE and underwent mammography at least once, more than half reported that they did not have a Pap test. In preventive healthcare services, periodic health examinations and screenings for the most common types of women cancers should be increased; midwives should give education and counseling, and the importance of practices aimed at raising social awareness should be emphasized.
PubMed: 33537633
DOI: 10.18332/ejm/124112 -
Current Breast Cancer Reports Jun 2020Breast Self-Examination (BSE) remains controversial despite the 2009 United States Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation against teaching of BSE. The...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Breast Self-Examination (BSE) remains controversial despite the 2009 United States Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation against teaching of BSE. The USPSTF recommendations were based on results from the Shanghai Study, high-quality randomized trial of BSE in 266,064 Chinese factory workers from 1989-1991; women instructed in BSE did not have a significant difference in mortality versus uninstructed controls. Regardless of the outcome of the Shanghai Study, the practice of BSE in the United States (U.S.) over the past 25 years has been associated with a marked reduction in the size of breast cancer identified by women.
RECENT FINDINGS
In the Shanghai study, BSE was tested in China from 1989-1991. During this time period, Chinese breast cancer screening and treatment was not consistent with standard-of-care in U.S. and Europe. Breast cancer was a rare illness in China in the 1980's. Treatment was not standardized; there was no breast imaging or margin assessment of the tumor. Tumor markers (e.g. estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor) were not reported. The Shanghai Study did not report in detail on the anti-cancer agents provided to women who enrolled in the trial.
SUMMARY
BSE needs to be rigorously re-evaluated under current standard of care.
PubMed: 34149989
DOI: 10.1007/s12609-020-00358-z -
Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt... 2019Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple, feasible, and suitable method for breast cancer screening in low-middle setting countries. The aim of this study was to assess...
Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple, feasible, and suitable method for breast cancer screening in low-middle setting countries. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of BSE among female textile workers in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1036 female workers, aged 43.9 ± 3.1 years old, who were working in 4 textile enterprises in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, in 2016. Overall, 22.7% of participants showed sufficient knowledge on BSE; 15.2% performed monthly BSE; and 7.7% completely performed all 5 steps of BSE. The prevalence of insufficient BSE knowledge was higher among participants with low level of education (odds ratio [OR]: 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.39, below vs above secondary school), and those whose husbands were farmers or workers (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.27-2.45, compared to other sectors). This prevalence was, however, negatively associated with receiving information on BSE (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.11-0.23, yes vs no). The prevalence of insufficient BSE practice was also higher among females with husbands who were farmers or workers (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.15-2.43, compared to other sectors). In contrast, it was much lower among participants who had history of breast-related diseases (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.24-0.88, yes vs no), received BSE information (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.08-0.19, yes vs no), and had sufficient overall BSE knowledge (OR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.06-0.13, yes vs no), compared to those who did not. There was a low prevalence of sufficient BSE knowledge (22.7%) and practice (15.8%) among female textile workers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Low level of education and not being provided BSE information were associated with insufficient BSE knowledge and practice among Vietnamese female textile workers. Health education programs are essential to encourage and improve women's knowledge and practice of BSE.
Topics: Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Breast Self-Examination; Cross-Sectional Studies; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vietnam
PubMed: 31304772
DOI: 10.1177/1073274819862788 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Breast cancer (BC) is a heavy burden for Indonesian healthcare, but there is still no thorough evaluation for Breast self-examination (BSE) practice as routine BC... (Review)
Review
Breast cancer (BC) is a heavy burden for Indonesian healthcare, but there is still no thorough evaluation for Breast self-examination (BSE) practice as routine BC screening. In this study, we aimed to synthesize the pooled prevalence data of BSE practice, compare BSE practice prevalence between Java Island and non-Java Islands in Indonesia, and identify the determinants that we thought could affect the BSE practice in the Indonesian population. Intensive searches were conducted in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SINTA (Indonesian Web of Science and Technology Index) from September 2017-2022. We utilized Review Manager 5.4 for conducting the meta-analysis. We found the overall national prevalence of BSE practice was 43.14% (95% CI: 36.08, 50.20, < 0.00001). BSE practice in Java Island was higher compared to non-Java Island (44.58% vs. 41.62%). The highest prevalence of BSE practice was found among university students, with a 49.90% prevalence. Good knowledge, good attitude toward BSE, family history of BC, family support, and BC information exposure were all statistically associated with a higher determinant of BSE practice. We concluded that BSE practice in Indonesia is still low, especially in non-Java Islands. Integrative and collaborative programs should be established to promote BSE as routine screening for BC.
PubMed: 37568940
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152577