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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Aug 2021Effects of a high-rice dietary proportion on the meat quality, acute phase reaction proteins (APRPs) and colonic microbiota and metabolites in goats are rarely reported....
Effects of a high-rice dietary proportion on the meat quality, acute phase reaction proteins (APRPs) and colonic microbiota and metabolites in goats are rarely reported. This study was designed to investigate the meat quality and metabolism in goats. Sixteen goats were equally divided into two groups and fed a control diet (Con, 55% concentrate) or a high-rice diet (HR, 90% concentrate) for five weeks. We found that the HR diet improved the slaughtering characteristic and meat quality but induced an acute phase reaction and decreased bacterial richness and diversity when compared to the control group. Furthermore, the levels of acetate, propionate and total VFA concentrations were higher in the colonic contents of the HR-fed goats than in those of the control group ( < 0.05). Meanwhile, the HR diet decreased the pH value, lactic acid concentration and increased the activity of amylase and lipopolysaccharide concentration in the colonic contents of goats ( < 0.05). The proportion of increased while and significantly decreased with the HR diet ( < 0.05). Collectively, the HR diet induced an acute phase reaction and altered the colonic bacterial community, which increases the health risk to growing goats.
PubMed: 34438763
DOI: 10.3390/ani11082306 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2017A decrease in methanogenesis is expected to improve ruminant performance by allocating rumen metabolic hydrogen ([2H]) to more energy-rendering fermentation pathways for...
A decrease in methanogenesis is expected to improve ruminant performance by allocating rumen metabolic hydrogen ([2H]) to more energy-rendering fermentation pathways for the animal. However, decreases in methane (CH) emissions of up to 30% are not always linked with greater performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the fate of [2H] when CH production in the rumen is inhibited by known methanogenesis inhibitors (nitrate, NIT; 3-nitrooxypropanol, NOP; anthraquinone, AQ) in comparison with a control treatment (CON) with the Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC). Measurements started after 1 week adaptation. Substrate disappearance was not modified by methanogenesis inhibitors. Nitrate mostly seemed to decrease [2H] availability by acting as an electron acceptor competing with methanogenesis. As a consequence, NIT decreased CH production (-75%), dissolved dihydrogen (H) concentration (-30%) and the percentages of reduced volatile fatty acids (butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, caproate and heptanoate) except propionate, but increased acetate molar percentage, ethanol concentration and the efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis (+14%) without affecting gaseous H. Nitrooxypropanol decreased methanogenesis (-75%) while increasing both gaseous and dissolved H concentrations (+81% and +24%, respectively). Moreover, NOP decreased acetate and isovalerate molar percentages and increased butyrate, valerate, caproate and heptanoate molar percentages as well as n-propanol and ammonium concentrations. Methanogenesis inhibition with AQ (-26%) was associated with higher gaseous H production (+70%) but lower dissolved H concentration (-76%), evidencing a lack of relationship between the two H forms. Anthraquinone increased ammonium concentration, caproate and heptanoate molar percentages but decreased acetate and isobutyrate molar percentages, total microbial nitrogen production and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (-16%). Overall, NOP and AQ increased the amount of reduced volatile fatty acids, but part of [2H] spared from methanogenesis was lost as gaseous H. Finally, [2H] recovery was similar among CON, NOP and AQ but was largely lower than 100%. Consequently, further studies are required to discover other so far unidentified [2H] sinks for a better understanding of the metabolic pathways involved in [2H] production and utilization.
PubMed: 28352256
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00393 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care... Nov 2023Tedizolid is an oxazolidinone anti-MRSA drug with included in the National Health Insurance Drug Price List in 2018. The effect of hemodialysis on tedizolid phosphate...
BACKGROUND
Tedizolid is an oxazolidinone anti-MRSA drug with included in the National Health Insurance Drug Price List in 2018. The effect of hemodialysis on tedizolid phosphate concentrations has been reported; pre-dialysis concentrations decreased by 10% compared to post- dialysis concentrations. However, the material of the dialysis membrane remains unknown. In addition, there have been no reports on the effects of continuous hemodiafiltration. In this study, we investigated the effects of continuous hemodiafiltration on tedizolid using two types of dialysis membranes made of different materials.
METHODS
The adsorption of tedizolid, linezolid, and vancomycin to two different dialysis membranes was investigated, and the clearance of each drug was calculated by experiments using an in vitro continuous hemodiafiltration model.
RESULTS
The adsorption of tedizolid, linezolid, and vancomycin on the dialysis membranes was examined, and no adsorption was observed. Experimental results from the continuous hemodiafiltration model showed that linezolid and vancomycin concentrations decreased over time: after two hours, the respective decreases were 26.48 ± 7.14% and 28.51 ± 2.32% for polysulfone membranes, respectively. The decrease was 23.57 ± 4.95% and 28.73 ± 5.13% for the polymethylmethacrylate membranes, respectively. These results suggested that linezolid and vancomycin were eliminated by continuous hemodiafiltration. In contrast, tedizolid phosphate and tedizolid concentrations decreased slightly in the polysulfone and polymethylmethacrylate membranes. The decrease in concentrations were 2.10 ± 0.77% and 2.97 ± 0.60% for the polysulfone membranes, respectively. For the polymethylmethacrylate membranes, the decrease in concentration were 2.01 ± 0.88% and 1.73 ± 0.27%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
These results suggested that tedizolid should not be considered for dose control during continuous hemodiafiltration.
PubMed: 37957772
DOI: 10.1186/s40780-023-00307-9 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024The growth and physiological characteristics of four Magnoliaceae plants (, , and two varieties of (Jiaohong 1 and Jiaohong 2)) were investigated. Four Magnoliaceae...
The growth and physiological characteristics of four Magnoliaceae plants (, , and two varieties of (Jiaohong 1 and Jiaohong 2)) were investigated. Four Magnoliaceae plants were subjected to various concentrations of NaCl for 60 days: 0 mM, 60 mM, 120 mM, 180 mM, and 240 mM. The leaf water content (LWC), relative growth rate of plant height and stem diameter, photosynthetic pigments, and photosynthetic rate () decreased during the NaCl treatments, indicating slowed growth and photosynthesis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Na, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, ascorbic acid (AsA) content, and soluble sugar content all increased while K decreased. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, glutathione (GSH), soluble protein, and proline first increased after decreasing with increasing NaCl concentration. Principal component 1 (PC1) had larger loading values for growth and photosynthesis indices, while principal component 2 (PC2) exhibited larger loading values for antioxidant substances and osmotic adjustment substances; the correlation analysis showed that PC1 and PC2 had negative correlations. The four Magnoliaceae plants exhibited largely variable growth and physiological activities in response to NaCl. exhibited greater reductions in growth and photosynthesis and greater decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment substances, which indicated poor tolerance to salt stress. Among the four Magnoliaceae plants, Jiaohong 1 exhibited the greatest salt tolerance, followed by Jiaohong 2, , and .
PubMed: 38256724
DOI: 10.3390/plants13020170 -
American Journal of Botany Oct 2020Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO ) concentration is increasing, as is the frequency and duration of drought in some regions. Elevated CO can decrease the effects of...
PREMISE
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO ) concentration is increasing, as is the frequency and duration of drought in some regions. Elevated CO can decrease the effects of drought by further decreasing stomatal opening and, hence, water loss from leaves. Both elevated CO and drought typically decrease plant nutrient concentration, but their interactive effects on nutrient status and uptake are little studied. We investigated whether elevated CO helps negate the decrease in plant nutrient status during drought by upregulating nutrient-uptake proteins in roots.
METHODS
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) was subjected to current vs. elevated CO (400 or 700 ppm) and drought vs. well-watered conditions, after which we measured biomass, tissue nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations (%N and P), N- and P-uptake rates, and the concentration of the major N- and P-uptake proteins in roots.
RESULTS
Elevated CO decreased the impact of drought on biomass. In contrast, both drought and elevated CO decreased %N and %P in most cases, and their effects were additive for shoots. Root N- and P-uptake rates were strongly decreased by drought, but were not significantly affected by CO . Averaged across treatments, both drought and high CO resulted in upregulation of NRT1 (NO transporter) and AMT1 (NH transporter) per unit total root protein, while only drought increased PHT1 (P transporter).
CONCLUSIONS
Elevated CO exacerbated decreases in %N and %P, and hence food quality, during drought, despite increases in the concentration of nutrient-uptake proteins in roots, indicating other limitations to nutrient uptake.
Topics: Biomass; Carbon Dioxide; Droughts; Hordeum; Nutrients; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots
PubMed: 33021337
DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1542 -
PloS One 2020Plants respond to changes in ultraviolet (UV) radiation both morphologically and physiologically. Among the variety of plant UV-responses, the synthesis of UV-absorbing...
Plants respond to changes in ultraviolet (UV) radiation both morphologically and physiologically. Among the variety of plant UV-responses, the synthesis of UV-absorbing flavonoids constitutes an effective non-enzymatic mechanism to mitigate photoinhibitory and photooxidative damage caused by UV stress, either reducing the penetration of incident UV radiation or acting as quenchers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we designed a UV-exclusion experiment to investigate the effects of UV radiation in Silene littorea. We spectrophotometrically quantified concentrations of both anthocyanins and UV-absorbing phenolic compounds in petals, calyces, leaves and stems. Furthermore, we analyzed the UV effect on the photosynthetic activity in hours of maximum solar radiation and we tested the impact of UV radiation on male and female reproductive performance. We found that anthocyanin concentrations showed a significant decrease of about 20% with UV-exclusion in petals and stems, and a 30% decrease in calyces. The concentrations of UV-absorbing compounds under UV-exclusion decreased by approximately 25% in calyces and stems, and 12% in leaves. Photochemical efficiency of plants grown under UV decreased at maximum light stress, reaching an inhibition of 58% of photosynthetic activity, but their ability to recover after light-stress was not affected. In addition, exposure to UV radiation did not affect ovule production or seed set per flower, but decreased pollen production and total seed production per plant by 31% and 69%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that UV exposure produced opposing effects on the accumulation of plant phenolic compounds and reproduction. UV radiation increased the concentration of phenolic compounds, suggesting a photoprotective role of plant phenolics against UV light, yet overall reproduction was compromised.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Phenols; Photosynthesis; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Seasons; Seeds; Silene; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 32555603
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231611 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Sep 2016In lung epithelial cells, hypoxia decreases the expression and activity of sodium-transporting molecules, thereby reducing the rate of transepithelial sodium absorption....
In lung epithelial cells, hypoxia decreases the expression and activity of sodium-transporting molecules, thereby reducing the rate of transepithelial sodium absorption. The mechanisms underlying the sensing of hypoxia and subsequent coupling to sodium-transporting molecules remain unclear. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently been recognized as a cellular signaling molecule whose intracellular concentrations critically depend on oxygen levels. Therefore, it was questioned whether endogenously produced H2S contributes to hypoxic inhibition of sodium transport. In electrophysiological Ussing chamber experiments, hypoxia was established by decreasing oxygen concentrations in the chambers. Hypoxia concentration dependently and reversibly decreased amiloride-sensitive sodium absorption by cultured H441 monolayers and freshly dissected porcine tracheal epithelia due to inhibition of basolateral Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Exogenous application of H2S by the sulfur salt Na2S mimicked the effect of hypoxia and inhibited amiloride-sensitive sodium absorption by both tissues in an oxygen-dependent manner. Hypoxia increased intracellular concentrations of H2S and decreased the concentration of polysulfides. Pretreatment with the cystathionine-γ-lyase inhibitor d/l-propargylglycine (PAG) decreased hypoxic inhibition of sodium transport by H441 monolayers, whereas inhibition of cystathionine-β-synthase (with aminooxy-acetic acid; AOAA) or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (with aspartate) had no effect. Inhibition of all of these H2S-generating enzymes with a combination of AOAA, PAG, and aspartate decreased the hypoxic inhibition of sodium transport by H441 cells and pig tracheae and decreased H2S production by tracheae. These data suggest that airway epithelial cells endogenously produce H2S during hypoxia, and this contributes to hypoxic inhibition of transepithelial sodium absorption.
Topics: Animals; Cell Hypoxia; Cells, Cultured; Epithelial Cells; Hydrogen Sulfide; Oxygen; Respiratory Mucosa; Respiratory Tract Absorption; Sodium; Swine
PubMed: 27440715
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00177.2016 -
Dentistry Journal Oct 2023In dental implantology, alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) has emerged as a standard technique to address dimensional changes that affect alveolar ridge morphology... (Review)
Review
In dental implantology, alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) has emerged as a standard technique to address dimensional changes that affect alveolar ridge morphology following tooth loss. Various alternative graft materials, including xenografts, alloplasts, and allografts, have been effectively employed in fresh extraction sites for ARP. Current evidence suggests that these materials primarily serve as bio-scaffolds, which are slowly incorporated, thus necessitating a waiting period of at least 4-6 months before implant placement. Consequently, the ARP technique extends the overall duration of implant treatment by several months. Recently, the incorporation of a form of autologous platelet concentrate, known as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), has been advocated in conjunction with ARP as a method of bioenhancement of soft- and hard-tissue healing and regeneration. PRF contains platelet-derived growth factors, hormones, and bioactive components like cytokines that have demonstrated the ability to stimulate angiogenesis and tissue regeneration throughout all phases of wound healing. Additionally, the concentration of leukocytes present in the PRF matrix plays a vital role in tissue healing and regeneration as part of the osteoimmune response. The reported advantages of incorporating autogenous PRF platelet concentrates during ARP encompass reduced healing time, improved angiogenesis and bone regeneration, socket sealing through the fibrin matrix, antibacterial properties, and decreased post-extraction pain and infection risk. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to review the existing evidence regarding the application of PRF in alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) following tooth extraction. Two clinical case studies are presented, wherein ARP was enhanced with PRF, followed by implant placement within a relatively short period of 8 weeks. These cases serve as further proof of concept for supporting the adjuvant use of PRF to enhance healing and accelerate implant placement after ARP.
PubMed: 37886929
DOI: 10.3390/dj11100244 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023L. is a plant with a wide range of potential medicinal applications. In recent years, polyploidy has gained attention as a potential strategy for rapidly improving ,...
L. is a plant with a wide range of potential medicinal applications. In recent years, polyploidy has gained attention as a potential strategy for rapidly improving , which, unlike other modern crops, has not yet benefitted from this established biotechnological application. Currently, no reports on high THCA and CBDA drug-type polyploid cultivars have been published. Moreover, it still needs to be clarified if different cultivars react similarly to polyploidization. For these reasons, we set out to evaluate and compare the phenotype and chemotype of three high Δ-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and one high cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) drug-type cultivars in their diploid, triploid and tetraploid state through agronomic and metabolomic approaches. Our observations on plant morphology revealed a significant increase in plant height and leaf size with increasing ploidy levels in a cultivar-dependent manner. In contrast, cannabinoids were negatively affected by polyploidization, with the concentration of total cannabinoids, THCA, CBDA and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) decreasing significantly in higher ploidy levels across all four cultivars. Headspace analysis of volatiles revealed that total volatile content decreased in triploids. On the other hand, tetraploids reacted differently depending on the cultivars. Two THCA dominant cultivars showed an increase in concentrations, while in the other two cultivars, concentrations decreased. Additionally, several rare compounds not present in diploids appeared in higher ploidy levels. Moreover, in one high THCA cultivar, a couple of elite tetraploid genotypes for cannabinoid and volatile production were identified, highlighting the role of cultivar and genotypic variability as an important factor in L. polyploids. Overall, our observations on plant morphology align with the giga phenotype observed in polyploids of other plant species. The decrease in cannabinoids and volatiles production in triploids have relevant implications regarding their commercial use. On the other hand, this study found that tetraploidization is a suitable approach to improve L. medicinal potential, although the response is cultivar and genotype-dependent. This work lays the ground for further improving, evaluating and harnessing L. chemical diversity by the breeding, biotechnological and pharmaceutical sectors.
PubMed: 37636092
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1233191 -
Journal of Environmental Sciences... Jan 2021The strict control measures and social lockdowns initiated to combat COVID-19 epidemic have had a notable impact on air pollutant concentrations. According to...
The strict control measures and social lockdowns initiated to combat COVID-19 epidemic have had a notable impact on air pollutant concentrations. According to observation data obtained from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center, compared to levels in 2019, the average concentration of NO in early 2020 during COVID-19 epidemic has decreased by 53%, 50%, and 30% in Wuhan city, Hubei Province (Wuhan excluded), and China (Hubei excluded), respectively. Simultaneously, PM concentration has decreased by 35%, 29%, and 19% in Wuhan, Hubei (Wuhan excluded), and China (Hubei excluded), respectively. Less significant declines have also been found for SO and CO concentrations. We also analyzed the temporal variation and spatial distribution of air pollutant concentrations in China during COVID-19 epidemic. The decreases in PM and NO concentrations showed relatively consistent temporal variation and spatial distribution. These results support control of NO to further reduce PM pollution in China. The concurrent decrease in NO and PM concentrations resulted in an increase of O concentrations across China during COVID-19 epidemic, indicating that coordinated control of other pollutants is needed.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; China; Cities; Coronavirus Infections; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Nitrogen Dioxide; Pandemics; Particulate Matter; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33183713
DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.031