-
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Long-term supplementation of a high-concentrate diet enhances the accumulation of lactate and decrease in pH in goat rumen, thereby disrupting the composition of...
Long-term supplementation of a high-concentrate diet enhances the accumulation of lactate and decrease in pH in goat rumen, thereby disrupting the composition of microbial community. Studies have shown that incorporation of thiamine in high-concentrate diet increases ruminal pH and decreases rumen lactate concentration. To explore the effects of thiamine supplementation with a high-concentrate diet on alteration of the whole ruminal microbiota and their metabolites, 18 mid-lactating Saanen goats were randomly fed with one of three diets: (1) control diet (CON; = 6; concentrate:forage 30:70), (2) high-concentrate diet (HG; = 6; concentrate:forage 70:30), and (3) high-concentrate diet with 200 mg of thiamine/kg of DMI (HGT; = 6; concentrate:forage 70:30). The goats received experimental diets for 8 weeks. Ruminal samples were collected on the last day of the 8 weeks for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis. The results revealed significant alterations of the ruminal bacterial community structure and diversity in HGT groups compared to HG groups, with an overall dominance of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level and ( < 0.05), ( < 0.01), and ( < 0.01) at genus level in the HGT group. The LC-MS analysis revealed that thiamine supplementation resulted in lower levels of propionate ( < 0.05), pyruvate ( < 0.01), lactate ( < 0.05), putrescine ( < 0.05), tyramine ( < 0.05), and histamine ( < 0.01) and higher levels of acetate ( < 0.05), succinates ( < 0.01), oxaloacetic acid ( < 0.01), leucine ( < 0.01), valine ( < 0.05), linoleic acid ( < 0.05), docosahexaenoic acid ( < 0.05), and 4-phenylbutyric acid ( < 0.05) in the HGT group than in the HG group. The decrease in these compounds enhanced homeostasis in the rumen environment and suppressed epithelial inflammation. Correlation analysis revealed the potential relationships between ruminal metabolites and microbial community. These findings demonstrate that thiamine supplementation can alleviate subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) by stabilizing the microbial community and reducing toxic unnatural compounds.
PubMed: 33897666
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.653283 -
Physiological Research Nov 2018Ruminants are often fed a high-concentrate (HC) diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a...
Ruminants are often fed a high-concentrate (HC) diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. Buffering agent could enhance the acid base buffer capacity and has been used to prevent ruminant rumen SARA and improve the content of milk fat. Therefore, we tested whether a buffering agent increases lipid anabolism in the livers of goats and influences of milk fat synthesis. Twelve Saanen-lactating goats were randomly assigned to two groups: one group received a HC diet (Concentrate: Forage=60:40, Control) and the other group received the same diet with a buffering agent added (10 g sodium butyrate, C(4)H(7)NaO(2); 10 g sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO(3); BG) over a 20-week experimental period. Overall, milk fat increase (4.25+/-0.08 vs. 3.24+/-0.10; P<0.05), and lipopolysaccharide levels in the jugular (1.82+/-0.14 vs. 3.76+/-0.33) and rumen fluid (23,340+/-134 vs. 42,550+/-136) decreased in the buffering agent group (P<0.05). Liver consumption and release of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) into the bloodstream increased (P<0.05). Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) up-regulated significantly in the livers of the buffering agent group (P<0.05). It also up-regulated expression of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and its downstream targets involved in fatty acid synthetic, including fatty acid synthetase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) (P<0.05). The BG diet increased insulin levels in blood (19.43+/-0.18 vs. 13.81+/-0.10, P<0.05), and insulin receptor was likewise elevated in the liver (P<0.05). Cumulatively, the BG diet increased plasma concentrations of NEFA by INS-PI3K/AKTSREBP-1c signaling pathway promoting their synthesis in the liver. The increased NEFA concentration in the blood during BG feeding may explain the up-regulated in the milk fat of lactating goats.
Topics: Animals; Buffers; Female; Goats; Insulin; Lactation; Lipid Metabolism; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Random Allocation; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 30044118
DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933698 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Aplasia and hematological malignancies are treated with platelet transfusions, which can have major immunomodulatory effects. Platelet concentrates (PCs) contain many...
INTRODUCTION
Aplasia and hematological malignancies are treated with platelet transfusions, which can have major immunomodulatory effects. Platelet concentrates (PCs) contain many immunomodulatory elements, including the platelets themselves, residual leukocytes, extracellular vesicles, such as microparticles (MPs), cytokines and other soluble elements. Two of these components, MPs and a soluble form of CD27 (sCD27), have been shown to play a particularly important role in immune system modulation. The loss of CD27 expression is an irreversible marker of terminal effector CD3 T-lymphocyte (TL) differentiation, and the CD27 MPs present in PCs may maintain CD27 expression on the surface of TLs, and, thus, the activation of these cells.
METHODS
In this study, we phenotyped the CD27-expressing MPs present in PCs by microscale flow cytometry and investigated the interaction of these particles with CD4 TLs. We cocultured MPs and PBMCs and determined the origin of the CD27 expressed on the surface of CD4 TLs with the aid of two fluorochromes (BV510 for CD27 originating from MPs and BV786 for cellular CD27).
RESULTS
We showed that the binding of CD27- expressing MPs involved the CD70 molecule, which was also present on these MPs. Finally, the maintenance of CD27 expression on the surface of TLs by sorted CD27 MPs led to activation levels lower than those observed with other types of MPs.
DISCUSSION
These results for CD27-expressing MPs and their CD70-mediated targeting open up new possibilities for immunotherapy based on the use of MPs to maintain a phenotype or to target immune cells, for example. Moreover, decreasing the levels of CD27-expressing MPs in transfused platelets might also increase the chances of success for anti-CD27 monoclonal immunotherapy.
Topics: T-Lymphocytes; Cytokines; Lymphocyte Activation; Phenotype; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 36969173
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1043255 -
Scars, Burns & Healing 2018Autologous platelet-based concentrates represent increasingly popular adjuncts to a variety of medical, surgical and aesthetic interventions. Their beneficial potential... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Autologous platelet-based concentrates represent increasingly popular adjuncts to a variety of medical, surgical and aesthetic interventions. Their beneficial potential rests on the ability to deliver a high concentration of growth factors to the target tissues. There are currently no reports in the literature appraising the evidence behind the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in scar management.
METHODS
A detailed English literature review was conducted using PubMed Medline, Embase and Web of Science; the manuscripts were appraised and classified according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Levels of evidence. The results are presented in descending order of evidence separately for atrophic, keloid, surgical and traumatic scars.
DISCUSSION
On the basis of level 1 evidence currently available, it appears that PRP can improve the quality of atrophic acne scars treated with ablative fractional CO2 laser and decrease the duration of laser-related side effects including oedema and erythema. Regarding surgical scars, the current data suggest that PRP may improve wound healing and early scar quality; furthermore, incorporation of PRP in fat-grafting procedures undertaken in conjunction with non-ablative, fractional laser can contribute to better wound healing as well as a significant improvement in texture, colour and contour in traumatic scar resurfacing. There are no high level studies at present to support the incorporation of autologous platelet-based concentrates in the management of keloid scars.
CONCLUSION
PRP is a promising adjunct in scar management practice. Further research with long-term follow-up is warranted to delineate the value of this modality in different subtypes of scars.
PubMed: 30479843
DOI: 10.1177/2059513118808773 -
European Journal of Clinical... Dec 2021Since its emergence in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 is causing one of the most devastating pandemics in human history. Currently, the most important method for definitive...
Since its emergence in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 is causing one of the most devastating pandemics in human history. Currently, the most important method for definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 is identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal swab samples by RT-PCR. Nasopharyngeal swab sampling is a discomforting procedure sometimes with adverse effects, which also poses a risk for infection for the personnel performing the sampling. We have developed a new method for concentrating biological samples, which enabled us to use gargle and mouthwash samples to be used in RT-PCR, for the diagnosis of COVID-19, as an alternative to nasopharyngeal swab samples. We have analyzed nasopharyngeal and gargle and mouthwash samples, before and after concentration, of 363 patients by RT-PCR for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Among 114 patients in which SARS-CoV-2 was identified in at least one of their samples, the virus was identified in 76 (66.7%), 67 (58.8%), and 101 (88.6%) of nasopharyngeal swab, gargle, and mouthwash samples before and after concentration, respectively. When concentrated by our new method, gargle and mouthwash samples can be used instead of nasopharyngeal samples in identification of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR, with the same or better sensitivity. Eliminating the need for nasopharyngeal sampling will save the patients from an invasive and painful procedure and will lower the risk of infection for the healthcare personnel taking the sample. This easy sampling procedure may decrease the workload of hospitals, shorten the turnaround time of obtaining test results, and thus enable rapid isolation of infected patients.
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans; Mouthwashes; Nasopharynx; RNA, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 34448088
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04326-y -
Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) Apr 2024Anti-inflammatory activities of catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) in obese rodents protect against metabolic endotoxemia by decreasing intestinal permeability and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
A green tea extract confection decreases circulating endotoxin and fasting glucose by improving gut barrier function but without affecting systemic inflammation: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial in healthy adults and adults with metabolic syndrome.
Anti-inflammatory activities of catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) in obese rodents protect against metabolic endotoxemia by decreasing intestinal permeability and absorption of gut-derived endotoxin. However, translation to human health has not been established. We hypothesized that GTE would reduce endotoxemia by decreasing gut permeability and intestinal and systemic inflammation in persons with metabolic syndrome (MetS) compared with healthy persons. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in healthy adults (n = 19, 34 ± 2 years) and adults with MetS (n = 21, 40 ± 3 years) examined 4-week administration of a decaffeinated GTE confection (890 mg/d total catechins) on serum endotoxin, intestinal permeability, gut and systemic inflammation, and cardiometabolic parameters. Compared with the placebo, the GTE confection decreased serum endotoxin (P = .023) in both healthy persons and those with MetS, while increasing concentrations of circulating catechins (P < .0001) and γ-valerolactones (P = .0001). Fecal calprotectin (P = .029) and myeloperoxidase (P = .048) concentrations were decreased by GTE regardless of health status. Following the ingestion of gut permeability probes, urinary lactose/mannitol (P = .043) but not sucralose/erythritol (P > .05) was decreased by GTE regardless of health status. No between-treatment differences (P > .05) were observed for plasma aminotransferases, blood pressure, plasma lipids, or body mass nor were plasma tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, or the ratio of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein/soluble cluster of differentiation-14 affected. However, fasting glucose in both study groups was decreased (P = .029) by the GTE confection compared with within-treatment arm baseline concentrations. These findings demonstrate that catechin-rich GTE is effective to decrease circulating endotoxin and improve glycemic control in healthy adults and those with MetS, likely by reducing gut inflammation and small intestinal permeability but without affecting systemic inflammation.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Double-Blind Method; Endotoxins; Adult; Male; Female; Plant Extracts; Tea; Catechin; Inflammation; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Permeability; Endotoxemia; Fasting; Middle Aged; Intestinal Mucosa; Camellia sinensis; Acute-Phase Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Membrane Glycoproteins
PubMed: 38430822
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.02.001 -
Journal of Dairy Science Nov 2014Although the effect of nutrition on enteric methane (CH4) emissions from confined dairy cattle has been extensively examined, less information is available on factors...
Although the effect of nutrition on enteric methane (CH4) emissions from confined dairy cattle has been extensively examined, less information is available on factors influencing CH4 emissions from grazing dairy cattle. In the present experiment, 40 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (12 primiparous and 28 multiparous) were used to examine the effect of concentrate feed level (2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 kg/cow per day; fresh basis) on enteric CH4 emissions from cows grazing perennial ryegrass-based swards (10 cows per treatment). Methane emissions were measured on 4 occasions during the grazing period (one 4-d measurement period and three 5-d measurement periods) using the sulfur hexafluoride technique. Milk yield, liveweight, and milk composition for each cow was recorded daily during each CH4 measurement period, whereas daily herbage dry matter intake (DMI) was estimated for each cow from performance data, using the back-calculation approach. Total DMI, milk yield, and energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield increased with increasing concentrate feed level. Within each of the 4 measurement periods, daily CH4 production (g/d) was unaffected by concentrate level, whereas CH4/DMI decreased with increasing concentrate feed level in period 4, and CH4/ECM yield decreased with increasing concentrate feed level in periods 2 and 4. When emissions data were combined across all 4 measurement periods, concentrate feed level (2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 kg/d; fresh basis) had no effect on daily CH4 emissions (287, 273, 272, and 277 g/d, respectively), whereas CH4/DMI (20.0, 19.3, 17.7, and 18.1g/kg, respectively) and CH4-E/gross energy intake (0.059, 0.057, 0.053, and 0.054, respectively) decreased with increasing concentrate feed levels. A range of prediction equations for CH4 emissions were developed using liveweight, DMI, ECM yield, and energy intake, with the strongest relationship found between ECM yield and CH4/ECM yield (coefficient of determination = 0.50). These results demonstrate that offering concentrates to grazing dairy cows increased milk production per cow and decreased CH4 emissions per unit of milk produced.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cattle; Dairying; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Energy Intake; Female; Lactation; Methane; Milk; Nutritional Status; Random Allocation
PubMed: 25173463
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-7979 -
PloS One 2021Biodegradable plastics must be sufficiently stable to maintain functionality during use but need to be able to degrade rapidly after use. We previously reported that...
Biodegradable plastics must be sufficiently stable to maintain functionality during use but need to be able to degrade rapidly after use. We previously reported that treatment with an enzyme named PaE, secreted by the basidiomycete yeast Pseudozyma antarctica can speed up this degradation. To facilitate the production of large quantities of PaE, here, we aimed to elucidate the optimal conditions of ethanol treatment for sterilization of the culture supernatant and for concentration and stabilization of PaE. The results showed that Pseudozyma antarctica completely lost its proliferating ability when incubated in ≥20% (v/v) ethanol. When the ethanol concentration was raised to 90% (v/v), PaE formed a precipitate; however, its activity was restored completely when the precipitate was dissolved in water. To reduce ethanol use, PaE was successfully concentrated and recovered by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation and ethanol precipitation steps. Over 90% of the activity in the original culture supernatant was recovered and the specific activity was increased 3.4-fold. By preparing the enzyme solution at a final concentration of 20% (v/v) ethanol, about 60% of the initial activity was maintained at ambient temperature for over 6 months without growth of microbes. We conclude that ethanol treatment is effective for sterilization, concentration, and stabilization of PaE, and that concentrating PaE by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation and ethanol precipitation substantially increases the PaE purity and decreases ethanol use.
Topics: Basidiomycota; Biodegradable Plastics; DNA, Fungal; Ethanol; Ustilaginales; Xylose
PubMed: 34086819
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252811 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021This study aimed to determine the impact of sesame meal, selenium (Se), and vitamin E (VitE) on goats' oxidative status. Thirty mid-lactation crossbred goats were...
This study aimed to determine the impact of sesame meal, selenium (Se), and vitamin E (VitE) on goats' oxidative status. Thirty mid-lactation crossbred goats were divided into five homogeneous groups, and were fed 1 kg of alfalfa hay and 1.2 kg of concentrates daily. The control group (C) received a basal diet. In the concentrates of the treated groups, 10% of the soybean meal was replaced by sesame meal and no extra VitE or Se (SM), or an extra 60 mg of VitE (SME), or 0.1 mg organic Se (SMSe), or their combination (60 mg VitE and 0,1 mg organic Se/kg of concentrate (SMESe). In the plasma of the goats, the dietary treatments did not affect glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, or the total antioxidant capacity. A reduction and a trend for lower protein carbonyls content was found in goats fed SM ( = 0.03) and SME ( = 0.06) compared to SMESe. In the milk, the lactoperoxidase activity decreased with SMSe and SMESe. A numerical decrease in the total antioxidant capacity and an increase in the MDA content in the milk of the SMESe group compared with the other treated groups was found. In mid-lactation goats, SM improves the oxidative status of both the organism and the milk.
PubMed: 33807783
DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030392 -
PloS One 2020Plants respond to changes in ultraviolet (UV) radiation both morphologically and physiologically. Among the variety of plant UV-responses, the synthesis of UV-absorbing...
Plants respond to changes in ultraviolet (UV) radiation both morphologically and physiologically. Among the variety of plant UV-responses, the synthesis of UV-absorbing flavonoids constitutes an effective non-enzymatic mechanism to mitigate photoinhibitory and photooxidative damage caused by UV stress, either reducing the penetration of incident UV radiation or acting as quenchers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we designed a UV-exclusion experiment to investigate the effects of UV radiation in Silene littorea. We spectrophotometrically quantified concentrations of both anthocyanins and UV-absorbing phenolic compounds in petals, calyces, leaves and stems. Furthermore, we analyzed the UV effect on the photosynthetic activity in hours of maximum solar radiation and we tested the impact of UV radiation on male and female reproductive performance. We found that anthocyanin concentrations showed a significant decrease of about 20% with UV-exclusion in petals and stems, and a 30% decrease in calyces. The concentrations of UV-absorbing compounds under UV-exclusion decreased by approximately 25% in calyces and stems, and 12% in leaves. Photochemical efficiency of plants grown under UV decreased at maximum light stress, reaching an inhibition of 58% of photosynthetic activity, but their ability to recover after light-stress was not affected. In addition, exposure to UV radiation did not affect ovule production or seed set per flower, but decreased pollen production and total seed production per plant by 31% and 69%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that UV exposure produced opposing effects on the accumulation of plant phenolic compounds and reproduction. UV radiation increased the concentration of phenolic compounds, suggesting a photoprotective role of plant phenolics against UV light, yet overall reproduction was compromised.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Phenols; Photosynthesis; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Seasons; Seeds; Silene; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 32555603
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231611