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Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine Sep 2020Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by multi-organ involvement. End-organ disease consists of granulomatous inflammation,... (Review)
Review
Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by multi-organ involvement. End-organ disease consists of granulomatous inflammation, which if left untreated or not resolved spontaneously, leads to permanent fibrosis and end-organ dysfunction. Cardiac involvement and fibrosis in sarcoidosis occur in 5-10% of cases and is becoming increasingly diagnosed. This is due to increased clinical awareness among clinicians and new diagnostic modalities, since magnetic resonance imaging and positron-emission tomography are emerging as "gold standard" tools replacing endomyocardial biopsy. Despite this progress, isolated cardiac sarcoidosis is difficult to differentiate from other causes of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac fibrosis leads to congestive heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Immunosuppressives (mostly corticosteroids) are used for the treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis. Implantable devices like a cardioverter-defibrillator may be warranted in order to prevent sudden cardiac death. In this article current trends in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of cardiac sarcoidosis will be reviewed focusing on published research and latest guidelines. Lastly, a management algorithm is proposed.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Cardiomyopathies; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Defibrillators, Implantable; Electric Countershock; Fibrosis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Myocardium; Risk Factors; Sarcoidosis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33070538
DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm.2020.03.102 -
Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Mar 2017Brugada syndrome is a rare inherited arrhythmia syndrome leading to an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, despite a structurally normal heart. Diagnosis is based on... (Review)
Review
Brugada syndrome is a rare inherited arrhythmia syndrome leading to an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, despite a structurally normal heart. Diagnosis is based on a specific electrocardiogram pattern, observed either spontaneously or during a sodium channel blocker test. Among affected patients, risk stratification remains a challenge, despite recent insights from large population cohorts. As implantable cardiac defibrillators - the main therapy in Brugada syndrome - are associated with a high rate of complications in this population, the main challenge is risk stratification of patients with Brugada syndrome. Aside from the two main predictors of arrhythmia (symptoms and spontaneous electrocardiogram pattern), many risk factors have been recently suggested for stratifying risk of sudden cardiac death in Brugada syndrome. We have reviewed these data and discuss current guidelines in light of recent progress in this complex field.
Topics: Brugada Syndrome; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Defibrillators, Implantable; Electric Countershock; Electrocardiography; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28139454
DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2016.09.009 -
Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Mar 2019Out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major public health issue, with a survival rate at hospital discharge that remains below 10% in most cities, despite... (Review)
Review
Out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major public health issue, with a survival rate at hospital discharge that remains below 10% in most cities, despite huge investments in this domain. Early basic life support (BLS) and early defibrillation using automated external defibrillators (AEDs) stand as key elements for improving OHCA survival rate. Nevertheless, the use of AEDs in OHCA remains low, for a variety of reasons, including the number, accessibility and ease of locating AEDs, as well as bystanders' awareness of BLS manœuvres and of the need to use AEDs. Several measures have been proposed to improve the rate of AED use, including optimization of AED deployment strategies as well as the use of drones to bring the AEDs to the OHCA scene and of mobile applications to locate the nearest AED. If they are to be effective, these measures should be combined with large communication campaigns on OHCA, and wide-scale education of the public in BLS and AEDs, to reduce the burden of OHCA.
Topics: Defibrillators; Electric Countershock; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Promotion; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; Time-to-Treatment; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30594573
DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2018.11.001 -
European Journal of Medical Research Mar 2022To provide an economical and practical defibrillator for first aid teaching and training, to reduce the cost of teaching and training, increase teaching and training...
BACKGROUND
To provide an economical and practical defibrillator for first aid teaching and training, to reduce the cost of teaching and training, increase teaching and training equipment, provide trainees with more hands-on training sessions, and improve first aid capabilities.
METHODS
Developing a special teaching defibrillator with the same structure and operation configuration as the clinical medical emergency defibrillator. The appearance, structure and operating accessories of the two defibrillators are the same. The difference between the defibrillator and the clinical medical emergency defibrillator are as follows: the clinical medical emergency defibrillator can be energized, and there are expensive electronic accessories and defibrillation accessories for charging and discharging in the machine. When discharging, the electrode plate has current discharged into the human body; the power plug of the "special defibrillator for teaching and training" is a fake plug. When the power is plugged in, no current enters the body and the machine. There are no expensive electronic accessories and defibrillation accessories for charging and discharging, and no current is discharged during discharge. Then compare the teaching effect of the special defibrillator for teaching and training and the clinical medical emergency defibrillator (including operation score and attitude after training).
RESULTS
The scores of defibrillator operation in the experimental group of junior college students (87.77 ± 4.11 vs. 83.30 ± 4.56, P < 0.001) and the experimental group of undergraduate students (90.40 ± 3.67 vs. 89.12 ± 3.68, P = 0.011) were higher than those in the corresponding control group; The attitude of junior college students in the experimental group and undergraduate students in the experimental group after training was more positive than that of the corresponding control group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The special defibrillator for teaching and training can save the purchase cost of teaching equipment, increase teaching and training resources, and improve the trainee's defibrillation ability, defibrillation confidence and defibrillation security.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cardiology; Defibrillators; Education, Medical; Electric Countershock; Female; Humans; Male; Students, Medical; Teaching; Young Adult
PubMed: 35236410
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00657-4 -
Journal of Cardiovascular... May 2022
Topics: Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Defibrillators; Defibrillators, Implantable; Electric Countershock; Humans; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 35175650
DOI: 10.1111/jce.15416 -
Hellenic Journal of Cardiology : HJC =... 2020
Topics: Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Defibrillators, Implantable; Electric Countershock; Humans
PubMed: 33321183
DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2020.12.005 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021A wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) is a temporary treatment option for patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) and for patients who are temporarily... (Review)
Review
A wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) is a temporary treatment option for patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) and for patients who are temporarily not candidates for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). In addition, the need for telemedical concepts in the detection and treatment of heart failure (HF) and its arrhythmias is growing. The WCD has evolved from a shock device detecting malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and treating them with shocks to a heart-failure-monitoring device that captures physical activity and cardioacoustic biomarkers as surrogate parameters for HF to help the treating physician surveil and guide the HF therapy of each individual patient. In addition to its important role in preventing SCD, the WCD could become an important tool in heart failure treatment by helping prevent HF events by detecting imminent decompensation via remote monitoring and monitoring therapy success.
Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Defibrillators, Implantable; Electric Countershock; Humans; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 35009564
DOI: 10.3390/s22010022 -
Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine May 2020Patients with myotonic dystrophy, the most common neuromuscular dystrophy in adults, have a high prevalence of arrhythmic complications with increased cardiovascular... (Review)
Review
Patients with myotonic dystrophy, the most common neuromuscular dystrophy in adults, have a high prevalence of arrhythmic complications with increased cardiovascular mortality and high risk for sudden death. Sudden death prevention is central and relies on annual follow-up and prophylactic permanent pacing in patients with conduction defects on electrocardiogram and/or infrahisian blocks on electrophysiological study. Implantable cardiac defibrillator therapy may be indicated in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmia.
Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Defibrillators, Implantable; Electric Countershock; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Myotonic Dystrophy; Pacemaker, Artificial; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31213350
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.06.001 -
Journal of the American College of... Jun 2015
Topics: Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; Cardiovascular Diseases; Defibrillators, Implantable; Electric Countershock; Female; Humans; Male; Pacemaker, Artificial; Patient Compliance; Remote Sensing Technology
PubMed: 25983010
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.04.031 -
Journal of the American College of... Sep 2017Cardiac arrest is defined as the termination of cardiac activity associated with loss of consciousness, of spontaneous breathing, and of circulation. Sudden cardiac... (Review)
Review
Cardiac arrest is defined as the termination of cardiac activity associated with loss of consciousness, of spontaneous breathing, and of circulation. Sudden cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are terms often used interchangeably. Most patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have shown coronary artery disease or symptoms during the hour before the event. Cardiac arrest is potentially reversible by cardiopulmonary resuscitation, defibrillation, cardioversion, cardiac pacing, or treatments targeted at the underlying disease (e.g., acute coronary occlusion). We restrict SCD hereafter to cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation, including rhythms shockable by an automatic external defibrillator (AED), implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), or wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD). We summarize the state of the art related to defibrillation in treating SCD, including a brief history of the evolution of defibrillation, technical characteristics of modern AEDs, strategies to improve AED access and increase survival, ancillary treatments, and use of ICDs or WCDs.
Topics: Cell Phone; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Defibrillators; Electric Countershock; Equipment Design; Heart Arrest; Humans; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Treatment Outcome; Ventricular Fibrillation
PubMed: 28911514
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.778